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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 84-89.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200110

所属专题： 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

中药渣有机肥改良富营养设施番茄土壤效果

王光飞1,2(), 郭德杰1,2, 马艳1,2(), 罗佳1,2   

  1. 1江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014
    2农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,南京210014
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-14 修回日期:2020-03-23 出版日期:2021-01-05 发布日期:2020-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 马艳
  • 作者简介:王光飞,男,1988年出生,江西婺源人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事土壤微生物研究。通信地址：210014 南京市玄武区钟灵街50号 江苏省农科院农业资源与环境研究所,Tel：025-84381251,E-mail：wy_wgf@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“苏北设施蔬菜栽培土壤专用有机肥产业链技术创新与集成应用”(CX(17)2025);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)重点项目“蔬菜化学肥料和农药减量增效使用关键技术研究与示范”(BE2017379)

Effects of Chinese Medicine Residue Compost on Tomato Greenhouse Soils with High Nutrient Concentrations

Wang Guangfei1,2(), Guo Dejie1,2, Ma Yan1,2(), Luo Jia1,2   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Environments, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
    2Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2020-02-14 Revised:2020-03-23 Online:2021-01-05 Published:2020-12-25
  • Contact: Ma Yan

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摘要：

为探寻适用于富营养设施土壤的有机肥,采用田间小区试验,研究不同用量中药渣有机肥替代农家肥,对富营养设施番茄土壤性状和产量的影响。结果表明,中药渣有机肥可增加土壤pH,显著降低168.3~268.7 μS/cm电导率、116.6~184.9 mg/kg硝态氮及87.0~128.3 mg/kg速效钾,以30、45 t/hm2用量效果最佳。中药渣有机肥可有效抑制土壤真菌化,随用量增加抑制作用逐步增强,60 t/hm2用量可显著减少土壤真菌数量。另外,可增加土壤细菌数量,但增殖作用随用量增加而削弱,30 t/hm2用量可显著增加土壤细菌数量。中药渣有机肥对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均有抑制作用。微生物碳源利用结果显示,中药渣有机肥处理可提高土壤微生物活性和多样性,45 t/hm2用量可显著提高土壤微生物活性,而45、60 t/hm2用量可显著提高微生物多样性。中药渣有机肥用量与增产作用呈倒U型曲线关系,45 t/hm2用量增产效果最佳。统计分析显示,中药渣有机肥主要通过降低土壤盐分和过剩养分及改善土壤微生物性状进而增加番茄产量。45 t/hm2用量对土壤化学和微生物学性状均有最佳或良好的改良效果,因此增产效果最佳。

关键词: 中药渣有机肥, 用量, 番茄, 土壤性状, 产量

Abstract:

The paper aims to explore the suitable organic fertilizer for eutrophic greenhouse soils. A field experiment was carried out in a solar greenhouse with high nutrient concentrations to study the effects of different dosages of Chinese medicine residue compost (CMR) instead of farm manure on soil properties and tomato yield. CMR application increased soil pH and significantly decreased electrical conductivity by 168.3-268.7 μS/cm, nitrate N content by 116.6-184.9 mg/kg and available K content by 87.0-128.3 mg/kg. CMR applied at dosages of 30 and 45 t/hm2 was more effective than that of 60 t/hm2. With increasing CMR dosage, the decreasing effect on fungal abundance gradually strengthened but the increasing effect on bacterial abundance weakened gradually. CMR applied at a dosage of 30 t/hm2 significantly increased the bacterial abundance and applied at a dosage of 60 t/hm2 significantly decreased the fungal abundance. In addition, CMR application had inhibitory effect on urease, invertase and phosphatase activities. Substrate utilization profiles of soil microbial community showed that CMR application could increase soil microbial activity and diversity. CMR applied at a dosage of 45 t/hm2 significantly increased microbial activity and applied at dosages of 45 and 60 t/hm2 significantly increased microbial diversity. CMR dosage correlated with the yield-increasing effect in an inverted U-shaped curve, with the optimal dosage of 45 t/hm2. Principal component analysis indicated that CMR could reduce soil salt and nutrient content and improve soil microbial properties, thus effectively increase the yield. CMR applied at a dosage of 45 t/hm2 has the best yield-increasing effect because of its best improving effect on soil chemical and microbial properties.

Key words: Chinese medicine residue compost, application rate, tomato, soil properties, yield

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