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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (16): 97-101.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0045

所属专题: 资源与环境 农业生态

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

国内西洋梨的生态适应性及栽培区域分析

杨健(), 李坤, 王龙, 王苏珂, 苏艳丽, 薛华柏()   

  1. 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州 450009
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-27 修回日期:2021-02-28 出版日期:2021-06-05 发布日期:2021-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 薛华柏
  • 作者简介:杨健,男,1965年出生,河南嵩县人,研究员,主要从事梨育种及产业示范的研究。通信地址:450009 河南省郑州市管城回族区未来路南端 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,E-mail: 13937184980@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系

Ecological Adaptability and Cultivation Area of Pyrus communis in China

Yang Jian(), Li Kun, Wang Long, Wang Suke, Su Yanli, Xue Huabai()   

  1. Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAAS, Zhengzhou 450009
  • Received:2020-04-27 Revised:2021-02-28 Online:2021-06-05 Published:2021-06-16
  • Contact: Xue Huabai

摘要:

西洋梨在中国适应区域较窄,对气候条件要求严苛,需要在了解西洋梨主产国产区气候条件的基础上进行总结,作为国内西洋梨适生区调查的依据,从而划分出适应西洋梨栽培的生态区域。对西洋梨主产国家生产现状及其主要品种进行调查研究,分析总结各主产国西洋梨种植区域的分布和生态气候条件,并与国内部分地区的生态气候条件进行对比。研究认为,国内许多地区形成的独特气候特点可以满足西洋梨生长所需的生态条件,例如黄河金三角地区(运城、三门峡)、西安地区、黄河故道地区(郑州、砀山、徐州)、环渤海湾地区、云贵高原高海拔地带,在这些地区与西洋梨主产国具有相似的气候条件,与现有种植区的气候条件相似,种植西洋梨果实品质较好。另外,在新疆东南(喀什)暖温干燥地区、藏东南(昌都、林芝)冷凉湿润区以及具有相似气候条件地区是西洋梨种植的次适宜区,极端条件下会发生轻微冻害,影响梨果树的生长,但可选用抗寒能力较强的品种进行种植。根据当地特定气候条件,在适宜种植区域选择具有特色的优良品种进行发展,这对提高国内西洋梨市场占有率、优化西洋梨品种结构具有重要意义。

关键词: 西洋梨, 生态适应性, 区划, 气候特点, 品种结构

Abstract:

The adaptation area of Pyrus communis in China is relatively narrow, and the requirements for climate conditions are strict. It is necessary to summarize the climate conditions of the main production areas of P. communis in China, which can be used as the basis for identifying the ecological areas suitable for P. communis cultivation. In addition, the production status and main varieties of major P. communis producing countries were studied to clarify the distribution and ecological climate conditions, and a comparison was conducted between those countries and China. The results show that the unique climatic characteristics in many areas of China can meet the ecological conditions required for the growth of P. communis, such as the Yellow River Golden Triangle (Yuncheng, Sanmenxia), Xi’an, the Yellow River old river way area (Zhengzhou, Dangshan, Xuzhou), the Bohai Bay, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau area. The climate conditions of the above areas are similar to those of main P. communis cultivating countries, and the fruit quality is relatively good. Furthermore, warm and dry areas in southeast Xinjiang (Kashgar), cold and cool and humid areas in southeast Tibet (Changdu, Nyingchi) and areas with similar climate conditions are the sub-suitable areas for P. communis planting; although under extreme conditions, slight freezing injury will occur and affect the growth of P. communis trees in these areas, varieties with strong cold resistance can be selected. According to the local specific climate conditions, it is of great significance to select excellent varieties with adaptable characteristics for development, thus improve the domestic market share and optimize the variety structure of P. communis.

Key words: Pyrus communis, ecological adaptability, regionalization, climatic characteristics, variety structure

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