滴灌水量对核桃幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0597

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (22): 62-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0597

所属专题：生物技术；园艺

滴灌水量对核桃幼苗生长的影响

黄雅丽¹^,²(), 马风云², 王霞¹^,³, 郝军⁴, 杜振宇¹^,⁵, 刘方春¹, 石群⁶, 马丙尧¹^,³()

¹山东省林业科学研究院,济南 250014
²山东农业大学,山东泰安 271018
³山东日照暖温带观赏树种培育国家长期科研基地,山东日照 276800
⁴济南市历城区园林和林业绿化局,济南 250199
⁵山东黄河三角洲森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,山东东营 257000
⁶山东省地质科学研究院,济南 250013

收稿日期:2021-06-09 修回日期:2022-05-06 出版日期:2022-08-05 发布日期:2022-08-22
通讯作者: 马丙尧
作者简介:黄雅丽,女,1992年出生,硕士研究生,主要从事林木培育与林木营养方面的研究。Tel：0531-88557627,E-mail： 942099863@qq.com。
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划“干旱山地经济林雨水资源高效利用及水-肥一体化关键技术研究”(2016GNC111007)

Effects of Drip Irrigation Amount on the Growth of Walnut Seedlings

HUANG Yali¹^,²(), MA Fengyun², WANG Xia¹^,³, HAO Jun⁴, DU Zhenyu¹^,⁵, LIU Fangchun¹, SHI Qun⁶, MA Bingyao¹^,³()

¹Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014
²Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018
³National Long-term Scientific Research Base of Warm Temperate Ornamental Tree Species Cultivation, Rizhao, Shandong 276800
⁴Licheng District Bureau of Landscape and Forestry Greening, Jinan 250199
⁵Forest Ecosystem Research Station of the Yellow River Delta in Shandong, Dongying, Shandong 257000
⁶Shandong Academy of Geological Sciences, Jinan 250013

Received:2021-06-09 Revised:2022-05-06 Online:2022-08-05 Published:2022-08-22
Contact: MA Bingyao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确核桃生长发育的水肥需求及适宜的水肥管理措施,以1年生核桃苗为试验材料,在60%施肥量的滴灌施肥方式下设5个不同灌水梯度处理,每隔10天滴灌1次。其中TG1处理为1000 mL/次灌水量,其他滴灌施肥处理的灌水量分别为处理TG1的85%(TG2)、70%(TG3)、55%(TG4)、40%(TG5)。研究表明,在60%施肥量的滴灌施肥方式下,随着灌水量的减少,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及苗木生长指标均呈现先升高后下降的趋势。其中,与其他处理相比,灌水量在700~850 mL/次（处理TG2和TG3）范围时效果最显著。与灌水量为1000 mL/次的处理TG1相比,TG2和TG3处理的核桃幼苗土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著提高,增幅分别为15.96%、23.58%、12.25%和13.33%、7.53%、18.37%;TG2、TG3处理植株根系长度和根系活力分别是TG1处理的0.95、1.036倍和1.125、1.14倍;幼苗叶面积、叶片含水率及叶绿素含量也有所增加,叶片全氮、全磷、全钾含量较处理TG1显著提高;TG2和TG3处理株高、地径达最高,分别为30.67 cm、8.37 mm和32 cm、8.25 mm。综上,滴灌条件下,灌水量为700~850 mL/次能有效提高土壤肥力,改善土壤环境,对核桃幼苗生长具有一定促进作用。

关键词: 核桃, 滴灌, 灌水量, 土壤理化性质, 生长发育

Abstract:

The paper aims to determine water and fertilizer requirements of walnut growth as well as appropriate water and fertilizer management measures. The 1-year-old walnut seedlings were used as experimental materials, and 5 different irrigation gradients were set up under 60% fertilization amount, and drip irrigation was conducted 1 time every 10 days. Treatment TG1 was 1000 mL/time irrigation, and the other drip irrigation treatments were 85% (TG2), 70% (TG3), 55% (TG4), and 40% (TG5) of TG1. The results showed that under the drip fertilization method with 60% fertilization amount, the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and seedling growth index increased first and then decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount. Among them, the effect of irrigation was most significant in the range of 700-850 mL/time (treatment TG2 and TG3). The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of TG2 and TG3 treated seedlings were significantly higher than those of TG1, with an increase of 15.96%, 23.58% and 12.25%, and 13.33%, 7.53% and 18.37%, respectively. Plant root length and root vigor of TG2 and TG3 were 0.95 and 1.036 times, and 1.125 and 1.14 times those of TG1, respectively. Seedling leaf area, leaf water content and chlorophyll content also increased. The content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaf were significantly higher than those of TG1. The plant height and ground diameter of TG2 and TG3 were the highest, which were 30.67 cm and 8.37 mm, and 32 cm and 8.25 mm, respectively. In summary, under drip irrigation, when the irrigation amount is 700-850 mL/time, it can effectively improve soil fertility and soil environment, and promote the growth of walnut seedlings.

Key words: walnut, drip irrigation, irrigation amount, soil physical and chemical properties, growth and development

中图分类号:

S664.1

黄雅丽, 马风云, 王霞, 郝军, 杜振宇, 刘方春, 石群, 马丙尧. 滴灌水量对核桃幼苗生长的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(22): 62-68.

HUANG Yali, MA Fengyun, WANG Xia, HAO Jun, DU Zhenyu, LIU Fangchun, SHI Qun, MA Bingyao. Effects of Drip Irrigation Amount on the Growth of Walnut Seedlings[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(22): 62-68.

图/表 6

参考文献 28

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处理	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
TG1	30.45±0.60bc	10.22±0.17c	108.89±3.85bc	10.10±0.53a
TG2	35.35±3.21a	12.63±0.23a	122.23±1.39a	10.52±0.39a
TG3	34.51±3.22ab	10.99±0.36b	128.89±1.01a	10.30±0.28a
TG4	32.55±2.10abc	9.10±0.32d	115.33±0.67ab	10.02±0.18a
TG5	28.35±2.10c	8.91±0.70d	94.89±2.15d	10.07±0.51a

处理	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
TG1	30.45±0.60bc	10.22±0.17c	108.89±3.85bc	10.10±0.53a
TG2	35.35±3.21a	12.63±0.23a	122.23±1.39a	10.52±0.39a
TG3	34.51±3.22ab	10.99±0.36b	128.89±1.01a	10.30±0.28a
TG4	32.55±2.10abc	9.10±0.32d	115.33±0.67ab	10.02±0.18a
TG5	28.35±2.10c	8.91±0.70d	94.89±2.15d	10.07±0.51a

处理	全氮	全磷	全钾
TG1	2.82±0.01c	0.22±0.003cb	1.98±0.09a
TG2	2.89±0.04b	0.25±0.018b	2.07±0.13a
TG3	3.07±0.04a	0.30±0.026a	2.11±0.05a
TG4	2.39±0.03d	0.20±0.025c	1.93±0.17a
TG5	2.32±0.03e	0.18±0.007c	1.69±0.03b

处理	全氮	全磷	全钾
TG1	2.82±0.01c	0.22±0.003cb	1.98±0.09a
TG2	2.89±0.04b	0.25±0.018b	2.07±0.13a
TG3	3.07±0.04a	0.30±0.026a	2.11±0.05a
TG4	2.39±0.03d	0.20±0.025c	1.93±0.17a
TG5	2.32±0.03e	0.18±0.007c	1.69±0.03b

处理	叶绿素a	叶绿素b	总叶绿素
TG1	2.11±0.28b	0.82±0.14b	3.15±0.09bc
TG2	2.27±0.19b	0.84±0.10b	3.24±0.25ab
TG3	2.28±0.10a	0.89±0.04a	3.42±0.13a
TG4	1.51±0.27c	0.73±0.12c	2.82±0.28c
TG5	1.87±0.07b	0.62±0.02c	2.49±0.03d

滴灌水量对核桃幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Drip Irrigation Amount on the Growth of Walnut Seedlings

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代号	处理	施肥量	灌水量/(mL/次)
TG1	滴灌施肥+100%灌水量	60%施肥量	1000
TG2	滴灌施肥+85%灌水量		850
TG3	滴灌施肥+70%灌水量		700
TG4	滴灌施肥+55%灌水量		550
TG5	滴灌施肥+40%灌水量		400

处理	地径/mm	株高/cm	地上鲜重/g	地下鲜重/g	叶面积/cm²	叶片含水率/%
TG1	7.85±0.28a	24.00±0.87b	31.11±0.58bc	41.65±1.96b	51.74±2.12b	65.98±0.38c
TG2	8.37±0.55a	30.67±1.04a	32.00±2.17ab	45.02±2.46ab	69.90±5.67a	67.36±0.01b
TG3	8.25±0.75a	32.00±2.65a	33.03±3.77a	46.10±2.60a	74.83±3.38a	71.50±0.50a
TG4	7.41±0.33ab	23.13±0.23b	26.94±3.53c	28.06±1.48c	21.04±2.75c	63.78±0.12d
TG5	6.64±0.40b	21.33±2.08b	18.13±0.43d	25.94±1.61c	10.97±0.89d	63.21±1.37d

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