大穗型品种协同提高水稻产量和氮利用效率的研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0843

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明不同穗型水稻品种产量和氮利用效率的差异,探讨不同穗型品种高产高效的栽培技术。以大穗型品种‘Y两优900’和多穗型品种‘丰两优4号’和‘C两优华占’为供试材料,设置3个施氮量处理(0、180、270 kg N/hm²)。结果表明：大穗型品种‘Y两优900’在3个氮肥处理下的平均产量为10.83 kg/hm²,分别比多穗型品种‘丰两优4号’和‘C两优华占’高17.3%和5.5%。大穗型品种‘Y两优900’的产量优势主要源于较高的每穗粒数和较高的干物质积累;大穗型品种‘Y两优900’的氮肥农学利用率分别比多穗型品种‘丰两优4号’和‘C两优华占’高310.6%和28.5%,而其氮肥偏生产力则分别高23.5%和6.7%。大穗型品种产量和氮肥利用效率均显著高于多穗型品种,大穗型品种具有协同提高水稻产量和氮利用效率的潜力。

关键词: 水稻, 大穗型品种, 氮利用效率, 产量, 干物质

Abstract:

This study aims to clarify the differences in yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice varieties with different types of panicles, and to explore their corresponding high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques. Field experiments were conducted with a large-panicle variety ‘Y-Liangyou 900’ and two multi-panicle varieties ‘Fengliangyou 4’ and ‘C-Liangyouhuazhan’ under three nitrogen treatments (0, 180 and 270 kg N/hm²). The results showed that the average yield of ‘Y-Liangyou 900’ was 10.83 kg/hm² under the three nitrogen treatments, which was 17.3% and 5.5% higher than that of ‘Fengliangyou 4’ and ‘C-Liangyouhuazhan’, respectively. The yield advantage of ‘Y-Liangyou 900’ was mainly due to higher grain number per panicle and dry matter accumulation. The agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of ‘Y-Liangyou 900’ was 310.6% and 28.5% higher than that of ‘Fengliangyou 4’ and ‘C-Liangyouhuazhan’, respectively, and the nitrogen partial productivity was 23.5% and 6.7% higher, respectively. In summary, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of large-panicle rice varieties are significantly higher than those of multi-panicle varieties, indicating that large-panicle varieties might have the synergistic enhancement potential of yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice.

Key words: rice, large-panicle variety, nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield, dry matter

中图分类号:

S511
S359.1

钟雪芬, 种浩天, 郭展, 黄礼英, 张运波. 大穗型品种协同提高水稻产量和氮利用效率的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(21): 1-6.

ZHONG Xuefen, CHONG Haotian, GUO Zhan, HUANG Liying, ZHANG Yunbo. Large-Panicle Rice Varieties: Synergistic Enhancement of Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(21): 1-6.

图/表 6

参考文献 20

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品种	氮处理	有效穗数/m²	每穗粒数(Nos)	结实率/%	千粒重/g
Y两优900	N1	214.6b	270.2c	60.6c	21.4a
	N2	268.8a	298.8b	73.0a	22.2a
	N3	289.6a	322.6a	68.0b	21.9a
	Mean	257.7C	297.5A	67.2B	21.8B
丰两优4号	N1	328.3b	168.2b	63.2b	24.3a
	N2	333.3b	191.7a	69.5a	24.9a
	N3	409.6a	183.7ab	67.4a	24.2a
	Mean	357.1B	181.2C	66.7B	24.5A
C两优华占	N1	326.7c	186.8b	75.3a	20.3ab
	N2	379.2b	234.7a	75.7a	19.1b
	N3	431.3a	157.0c	65.9b	21.5a
	Mean	379.1A	192.8B	72.3A	20.3C
差异分析	N	**	*	**	ns
	V	**	**	ns	**
	N×V	ns	**	**	ns

品种	氮处理	有效穗数/m²	每穗粒数(Nos)	结实率/%	千粒重/g
Y两优900	N1	214.6b	270.2c	60.6c	21.4a
	N2	268.8a	298.8b	73.0a	22.2a
	N3	289.6a	322.6a	68.0b	21.9a
	Mean	257.7C	297.5A	67.2B	21.8B
丰两优4号	N1	328.3b	168.2b	63.2b	24.3a
	N2	333.3b	191.7a	69.5a	24.9a
	N3	409.6a	183.7ab	67.4a	24.2a
	Mean	357.1B	181.2C	66.7B	24.5A
C两优华占	N1	326.7c	186.8b	75.3a	20.3ab
	N2	379.2b	234.7a	75.7a	19.1b
	N3	431.3a	157.0c	65.9b	21.5a
	Mean	379.1A	192.8B	72.3A	20.3C
差异分析	N	**	*	**	ns
	V	**	**	ns	**
	N×V	ns	**	**	ns

品种	氮处理	齐穗期				成熟期
品种	氮处理	茎	叶	穗	总干物质量	茎叶	穗	总干物质量
Y两优900	N1	383.5c	238.3c	231.9a	853.8c	845.2c	1174.5c	2019.7b
	N2	535.4b	329.0b	150.0b	1014.4b	1234.0a	1325.7b	2559.7a
	N3	644.0a	357.3a	215.2a	1216.5a	1089.2b	1571.2a	2660.4a
	Mean	521.0B	308.2B	199A	1028.2B	1056.1A	1357.1A	2413.3A
丰两优4号	N1	382.1c	200.4c	157.7b	740.2b	909.0b	1022.5c	1931.5c
	N2	665.4b	405.2b	183.5a	1254.2a	1033.5a	1256.9b	2290.5b
	N3	674.2a	414.6a	180.6a	1269.4a	1075.4a	1408.1a	2483.5a
	Mean	573.9A	340.1A	173.9C	1087.9A	1006.0B	1229.2B	2235.2B
C两优华占	N1	451.9c	220.0c	177.3c	849.12c	711.7b	1046.2c	1757.9c
	N2	487.7b	266.0b	180.8b	934.6b	863.1ab	1238.7b	2101.9b
	N3	569.8a	344.6a	192.9a	1107.3a	1110.2a	1446.3a	2556.5a
	Mean	503.1C	276.9C	183.7B	963.7C	895.0C	1243.7B	2138.8C
差异分析	N	^*	^*	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
	V	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
	N×V	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**

品种	氮处理	齐穗期				成熟期
品种	氮处理	茎	叶	穗	总干物质量	茎叶	穗	总干物质量
Y两优900	N1	383.5c	238.3c	231.9a	853.8c	845.2c	1174.5c	2019.7b
	N2	535.4b	329.0b	150.0b	1014.4b	1234.0a	1325.7b	2559.7a
	N3	644.0a	357.3a	215.2a	1216.5a	1089.2b	1571.2a	2660.4a
	Mean	521.0B	308.2B	199A	1028.2B	1056.1A	1357.1A	2413.3A
丰两优4号	N1	382.1c	200.4c	157.7b	740.2b	909.0b	1022.5c	1931.5c
	N2	665.4b	405.2b	183.5a	1254.2a	1033.5a	1256.9b	2290.5b
	N3	674.2a	414.6a	180.6a	1269.4a	1075.4a	1408.1a	2483.5a
	Mean	573.9A	340.1A	173.9C	1087.9A	1006.0B	1229.2B	2235.2B
C两优华占	N1	451.9c	220.0c	177.3c	849.12c	711.7b	1046.2c	1757.9c
	N2	487.7b	266.0b	180.8b	934.6b	863.1ab	1238.7b	2101.9b
	N3	569.8a	344.6a	192.9a	1107.3a	1110.2a	1446.3a	2556.5a
	Mean	503.1C	276.9C	183.7B	963.7C	895.0C	1243.7B	2138.8C
差异分析	N	^*	^*	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
	V	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
	N×V	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**

品种	氮处理	比叶重/(g/m²)	高效叶面积比例/%	叶面积指数
Y两优900	N1	39.0 b	53.1 c	4.0 c
	N2	40.6 b	62.7 b	4.6 b
	N3	45.1 a	71.0 a	5.1 a
	Mean	41.6 A	62.3 A	4.6 B
丰两优4号	N1	30.6 b	47.3 b	3.8 c
	N2	40.3 ab	63.6 ab	4.7 b
	N3	41.4 a	67.5 ab	5.3 a
	Mean	37.4 B	59.5 B	4.6 B
C两优华占	N1	36.1 c	55.4 c	4.2 c
	N2	38.9 b	60.3 b	4.9 b
	N3	41.4 a	64.8 a	5.3 a
	Mean	38.8 B	60.2 B	4.8 A
差异分析	N	^*	^**	^**
	V	^*	ns	ns
	N×V	ns	^*	ns