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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (14): 74-79.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0325

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤水分调控对滴灌紫花苜蓿作物系数和水分利用效率的影响

佟长福1,2(), 李和平1,2, 牛海3, 柳剑锋4, 罗鹏怀5   

  1. 1 中国水利水电科学研究院 内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京 100038
    2 水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特 010020
    3 鄂尔多斯市水利局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000
    4 内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院,呼和浩特 010019
    5 乌审旗水利局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017300
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-19 修回日期:2022-07-06 出版日期:2023-05-09 发布日期:2023-05-09
  • 作者简介:

    佟长福,男,1979年出生,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事节水灌溉和水资源方面的研究。通信地址:010020 内蒙古呼和浩特市赛罕区大学东街128号,Tel:0471-4690604,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区水利建设基金项目“内蒙古主要作物节水灌溉制度与需水量等值线图研究”(MK0143B032021); 鄂尔多斯市科技计划项目“毛乌素沙地地下水开发利用与生态环境监测与预警系统开发研究”(20190101); 科技兴蒙行动重点专项“黄河水滴灌节水增效与地面灌溉压盐关键技术研究”(2021EEDSCXSFQZD011-01); 水利部灌溉试验重点站“内蒙古鄂尔多斯灌溉试验站2021-2022年任务”(MK0199C052021)

The Impact of Soil Moisture Control on Crop Coefficient and Water Use Efficiency of Drip-irrigated Alfalfa

TONG Changfu1,2(), LI Heping1,2, NIU Hai3, LIU Jianfeng4, LUO Penghuai5   

  1. 1 Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038
    2 The Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Huhhot 010020
    3 Water Conservancy Bureau of Erdos, Erdos, Inner Mongolia 017010
    4 Inner Mongolia Water Conservancy Research Institute, Huhhot 010019
    5 Water Conservancy Bureau of Wushen Banner, Erdos, Inner Mongolia 017300
  • Received:2022-04-19 Revised:2022-07-06 Online:2023-05-09 Published:2023-05-09

摘要:

利用2年田间灌溉试验,研究了紫花苜蓿滴灌条件下4种土壤水分梯度(即:70%θfc、60%θfc、50%θfc、40%θfc)对作物系数(Kc)和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响,探索提高滴灌紫花苜蓿水分利用效率的途径。结果表明:分枝—现蕾期为紫花苜蓿需水关键期;紫花苜蓿耗水量(ETa)与产量关系为二次抛物线型,相关性为0.9433;紫花苜蓿Kc在返青—拔节期为0.61~0.88,拔节—分枝期0.68~0.79,分枝—现蕾期达到最大值1.07~1.16,现蕾—开花期0.57~0.96,全生育期表现为二次抛物线型;在不同的土壤水分条件和降水量条件下时,降水量少的年份,灌水量对紫花苜蓿WUE的影响显著;反之,灌水量对紫花苜蓿WUE的影响不明显。

关键词: 滴灌, 作物系数, 土壤水分, 水分利用效率, 紫花苜蓿

Abstract:

In this paper, field irrigation experiments were carried out for two consecutive years, and the effects of four soil water treatments under drip irrigation of alfalfa (70%θfc, 60%θfc, 50%θfc and 40%θfc) on crop coefficient (Kc) were studied, to explore a path to improve alfalfa water use efficiency (WUE). The results showed that branching to budding stage were the critical period of water demand for alfalfa; the relationship between ETa of alfalfa and yield was a quadratic parabola (R2=0.9433). The Kc of alfalfa was 0.61-0.88 in greening-jointing stage, 0.68-0.79 in jointing-branching stage, 1.07-1.16 in branching-budding stage and 0.57-0.96 in budding-flowering stage, and the crop coefficient of the whole growth period was a quadratic parabola. Under the conditions of different soil water contents and precipitation, the irrigation volume had a significant effect on the WUE of alfalfa in the years with less precipitation; while on the contrary, the irrigation volume had no significant effect on the WUE of alfalfa.

Key words: drip irrigated, crop coefficient, soil water, water use efficiency, alfalfa