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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (17): 43-49.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0382

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

渭河流域上游1971—2020年玉米光照适宜性变化特征

姚小英1,2(), 张蓓2, 姚玉璧1, 王振国2, 刘恒军2   

  1. 1兰州资源环境职业技术大学/甘肃省气候资源开发及防灾减灾重点实验室,兰州 730021
    2天水市气象局,甘肃天水 741000
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-06 修回日期:2022-07-08 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-12
  • 作者简介:

    姚小英,女,1968年出生,甘肃天水人,正高级工程师,硕士,研究方向:气象业务及应用气象试验研究。通信地址:741000 甘肃省天水市秦州区岷山路64号 天水市气象局,Tel:0938-8384166,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目“‘一带一路’太阳能高辐射区光能开发潜力与利用效率评估研究及应用”(2020C-34)

Variation Characteristics of Light Suitability of Maize in the Upper Reaches of Weihe River Basin from 1971 to 2020

YAO Xiaoying1,2(), ZHANG Bei2, YAO Yubi1, WANG Zhenguo2, LIU Hengjun2   

  1. 1Lanzhou Resources&Environment Voc-tech University/ Key Laboratory of Climate Resources Utilization and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730021
    2Tianshui Meteorological Bureau, Tianshui, Gansu 741000
  • Received:2022-05-06 Revised:2022-07-08 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-12

摘要:

运用甘肃渭河流域上游典型代表区1971—2020年气象站逐旬光照资料及1991—2020年玉米平均物候资料,建立了玉米光照气候适宜度计算模型,评估了1971—2020年玉米全生育期及各主要生育阶段的光照适宜度,并与气候变暖背景下1991—2020年变化进行了比较。结果表明:1971—2020年,玉米全生育期光照适宜度呈下降趋势,2008—2020年下降趋势显著;拔节期—抽雄期为最低值时期,1991—2020年下降趋势明显;抽雄期—乳熟期为最高值时段,随年份基本无变化。1991—2020年,玉米拔节期—抽雄期及全生育期光照适宜度与气候产量的相关性比1971—2008年显著增高,说明在气候变暖背景下玉米产量受关键时段光照不足的影响程度明显增大。依据FGOALS-f3-H模式CMIP6高分辨率模式比较计划模拟结果,预计渭河流域上游2021—2040年太阳辐射量低于2011—2020年,玉米生长中光照因子的制约作用将更加明显。玉米种植区应趋利避害,选择优良品种,合理布局种植密度,适当降低叶面积系数,有效减少光照不足造成的不利影响。

关键词: 渭河流域上游, 玉米, 光照适宜性, 变化, 分析

Abstract:

Based on the ten-day light data of meteorological stations from 1971 to 2020 and average phenological data of maize from 1991 to 2020 in the typical areas of the upper reaches of Weihe River basin in Gansu, the model of light suitability for maize was established. The light suitability of the whole growth period and main growth stages of maize from 1971 to 2020 was analyzed and compared with the change from 1991 to 2020 under the background of climate warming. The results showed that the light suitability during the whole growth period of maize showed a downward trend from 1971 to 2020, and the downward trend was significant from 2008 to 2020. The light suitability was the worst from jointing stage to tasseling stage and decreased significantly from 1991 to 2020, while it was the best and basically unchanged with years from tasseling stage to milky ripeness stage. The correlation between maize climatic yield and the light suitability from jointing stage to tasseling stage and during the whole growth period from 1991 to 2020 was significantly higher than that from 1971 to 2008, indicating that the effect of insufficient light in critical stages on maize yield significantly increased under the background of climate warming. According to the outputs of FGOALS-f3-H for the HighResMIP simulations in CMIP6, the average solar radiation in the upper reaches of Weihe River basin from 2021 to 2040 will be lower than that from 2011 to 2020, and the restricting effect of light factors on maize growth will be more obvious. Maize planting areas should draw advantages and avoid disadvantages, and take effective measures to reduce the adverse effects caused by insufficient light, such as selecting excellent varieties, rationally distributing planting density, and appropriately reducing leaf area coefficient.

Key words: upper reaches of Weihe River basin, maize, light suitability, variation, analysis