改良剂对果园土壤碳氮磷及其化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0536

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设置对照(CK)、生物菌肥(F)、土壤调理剂(M)及二者配施(FM)4种措施，研究重茬和非重茬果园0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层的土壤养分及碳氮磷化学计量特征。结果表明，在重茬和非重茬果园，CK、F、M、FM处理较改良前土壤各土层TC、OC、TN、NO₃^--N、TP、AP含量均有所提高，而土壤NH₄⁺-N含量有所降低；F处理较CK显著提高重茬果园0~20 cm土壤TC、NO₃^--N含量与非重茬果园0~20 cm土壤TC、OC、TN、NO₃^--N含量以及0~60 cm土壤TP、AP含量；重茬果园土壤C:N、C:P、N:P分布范围分别为14.21~17.97、94.50~120.40、5.60~7.68，非重茬果园各土壤C:N、C:P、N:P分布范围分别为13.69~17.78、65.49~107.06、4.39~7.02；重茬与非重茬果园CK、F处理较改良前显著降低0~20 cm土壤C:N，其与TC、TN、TP显著负相关；在非重茬果园F、M、FM处理较CK因TP显著提升引起C:P和N:P显著降低。综合考虑土壤质量和改良效果，单施1500 kg/hm²生物菌肥对重茬果园和非重茬果园土壤改良效果最佳，说明生物菌肥在重茬果园和新生果园土壤改良方面具有很多大的应用潜力，但是不建议土壤调理剂与生物菌肥同时配施。

关键词: 土壤调理剂, 生物菌肥, 土壤养分, 化学计量特征

Abstract:

To analyze the soil nutrients and the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm layers in replanted and no replanted orchards, control (CK), biological fertilizer (F), soil conditioner (M) and combination application (FM) were set up in this study. The results showed that compared with the value before improvement, the contents of soil TC, OC, TN, NO₃^--N -N, TP and AP were increased, while the contents of soil NH₄⁺-N was decreased under the CK, F, M and FM treatments in the replanted and no replanted orchards. Compared with CK, F treatment significantly increased the contents of soil TC and NO₃^--N in 0-20 cm in the replanted orchard, and significantly increased the contents of soil TC, OC, TN and NO₃^--N in 0-20 cm and soil TP and AP in 0-60 cm in no replanted orchard. The distribution ranged of C:N, C:P, N:P were 14.21-17.97, 94.50-120.40, 5.60-7.68 in the replanted orchard and were 13.69-17.78, 65.49-107.06, 4.39-7.02 in no replanted orchard, respectively. Soil C:N was significantly decreased in the 0-20 cm by CK and F treatments in the replanted and no replanted orchard. Compared with CK, soil C:P and N:P were significantly decreased in the F, M and FM treatments caused by higher TP in no replanted orchard. Taking soil quality and improvement effect into consideration, the application of 1500 kg/hm² bio-fertilizer only had the best soil improvement effect on the soil nutrients in the replanted and no replanted orchards, indicating that bio-fertilizer had a lot of application potential in the soil improvement of replanted orchards and new orchards, but it was not recommended to apply soil conditioner and bio-fertilizer together.

Key words: soil conditioner, bio-fertilizer, soil nutrients, stoichiometric characteristics

张丰川, 王浦, 鹿轶君, 许鸿, 张文军, 黄晨翔, 卢幸蓉. 改良剂对果园土壤碳氮磷及其化学计量特征的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(19): 86-93.

ZHANG Fengchuan, WANG Pu, LU Yijun, XU Hong, ZHANG Wenjun, HUANG Chenxiang, LU Xingrong. Effects of Soil Amendments on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Their Ecological Stoichiometry Ratios in Orchards[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(19): 86-93.

图/表 6

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土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TC/(g/kg)	OC/(g/kg)	OC/TC/%	TC/(g/kg)	OC/(g/kg)	OC/TC/%
0~20	改良前	15.19±0.21c	6.21±0.97b	40.87	14.93±0.42b	5.82±0.78b	39.01
	CK	18.04±1.23b	8.67±1.26ab	48.05	13.96±0.72b	5.78±0.38b	41.40
	F	20.21±0.94a	10.59±0.99a	52.42	16.82±0.8a	8.24±0.5a	48.99
	M	16.15±0.55bc	6.31±0.51b	39.08	15.51±0.35ab	6.93±0.4ab	44.70
	FM	15.96±0.16bc	7.5±1.23ab	47.02	14.06±0.63b	5.36±0.51b	38.13
20~40	改良前	12.27±0.72c	4.17±1.08b	33.96	13.03±0.89a	3.70±0.41b	28.44
	CK	16.07±1.02ab	6.34±1.23ab	39.47	12.76±0.65a	5.01±0.23ab	39.30
	F	17.38±0.12a	7.79±0.32a	44.83	15.51±1.56a	7.43±0.96a	47.89
	M	16.59±0.4ab	7.96±0.79a	47.98	15.41±0.8a	7.09±1.43a	45.98
	FM	14.71±0.29b	4.94±0.33ab	33.60	13.43±0.77a	5.37±0.78ab	39.99
40~60	改良前	11.41±0.43b	3.04±0.35a	26.66	10.28±0.76c	3.11±0.33b	30.20
	CK	14.63±1.91a	5.09±2.23a	34.81	11.9±0.27bc	3.94±0.26b	33.13
	F	15.29±0.92a	6.28±1.62a	41.04	13.78±1.35ab	5.57±0.73a	40.41
	M	13.88±0.79ab	4.35±0.57a	31.32	14.57±0.27a	5.69±0.12a	39.04
	FM	13.39±0.8ab	5.44±1.08a	40.66	11.29±0.41bc	4.35±0.64ab	38.50

土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TC/(g/kg)	OC/(g/kg)	OC/TC/%	TC/(g/kg)	OC/(g/kg)	OC/TC/%
0~20	改良前	15.19±0.21c	6.21±0.97b	40.87	14.93±0.42b	5.82±0.78b	39.01
	CK	18.04±1.23b	8.67±1.26ab	48.05	13.96±0.72b	5.78±0.38b	41.40
	F	20.21±0.94a	10.59±0.99a	52.42	16.82±0.8a	8.24±0.5a	48.99
	M	16.15±0.55bc	6.31±0.51b	39.08	15.51±0.35ab	6.93±0.4ab	44.70
	FM	15.96±0.16bc	7.5±1.23ab	47.02	14.06±0.63b	5.36±0.51b	38.13
20~40	改良前	12.27±0.72c	4.17±1.08b	33.96	13.03±0.89a	3.70±0.41b	28.44
	CK	16.07±1.02ab	6.34±1.23ab	39.47	12.76±0.65a	5.01±0.23ab	39.30
	F	17.38±0.12a	7.79±0.32a	44.83	15.51±1.56a	7.43±0.96a	47.89
	M	16.59±0.4ab	7.96±0.79a	47.98	15.41±0.8a	7.09±1.43a	45.98
	FM	14.71±0.29b	4.94±0.33ab	33.60	13.43±0.77a	5.37±0.78ab	39.99
40~60	改良前	11.41±0.43b	3.04±0.35a	26.66	10.28±0.76c	3.11±0.33b	30.20
	CK	14.63±1.91a	5.09±2.23a	34.81	11.9±0.27bc	3.94±0.26b	33.13
	F	15.29±0.92a	6.28±1.62a	41.04	13.78±1.35ab	5.57±0.73a	40.41
	M	13.88±0.79ab	4.35±0.57a	31.32	14.57±0.27a	5.69±0.12a	39.04
	FM	13.39±0.8ab	5.44±1.08a	40.66	11.29±0.41bc	4.35±0.64ab	38.50

土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TN/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-N/(mg/kg)	TN/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-N/(mg/kg)
0~20	改良前	0.87±0.06c	7.13±0.63a	4.03±0.12d	0.94±0.02b	6.52±0.19a	4.34±0.09b
	CK	1.28±0.15ab	3.41±0.13b	4.72±0.19bc	0.97±0.09b	4.41±0.18b	4.07±0.16b
	F	1.43±0.1a	4.29±0.06b	5.18±0.28ab	1.23±0.08a	5.01±0.23b	5.91±0.48a
	M	0.96±0.02c	3.38±0.06b	4.15±0.26cd	1.04±0.04b	4.82±0.13b	4.32±0.26b
	FM	1.01±0.01bc	3.86±0.06b	5.49±0.35a	0.87±0.03b	4.93±0.16b	4.33±0.43b
20~40	改良前	0.7±0.06c	7.02±0.31a	3.69±0.13b	0.74±0.04a	6.6±0.28a	4.35±0.26a
	CK	1.07±0.11ab	3.04±0.19c	4.63±0.02a	0.77±0.01a	4.19±0.37b	4.49±0.33a
	F	1.13±0.03a	3.96±0.07b	4.86±0.25a	1.01±0.11a	5.08±0.26b	5.12±0.09a
	M	1.02±0.03ab	3.49±0.14bc	5.23±0.38a	0.98±0.11a	4.69±0.49b	4.91±0.37a
	FM	0.89±0.04bc	3.78±0.09bc	5.15±0.41a	0.96±0.18a	5.00±0.27b	5.08±0.12a
40~60	改良前	0.69±0.02b	6.55±0.78a	3.75±0.05b	0.58±0.02c	6.03±0.28a	3.82±0.03b
	CK	0.88±0.2ab	3.49±0.25b	4.12±0.12b	0.7±0.02b	4.53±0.18b	4.27±0.30ab
	F	0.94±0.08a	3.84±0.06b	4.97±0.26a	0.89±0.07a	4.71±0.15b	4.74±0.39a
	M	0.81±0.03ab	3.56±0.2b	5.27±0.38a	0.91±0.03a	4.54±0.21b	4.72±0.16a
	FM	0.79±0.04ab	3.90±0.12b	4.25±0.1b	0.70±0.02b	4.57±0.05b	4.90±0.12a

土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TN/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-N/(mg/kg)	TN/(g/kg)	NH₄⁺-N/(mg/kg)	NO₃^-N/(mg/kg)
0~20	改良前	0.87±0.06c	7.13±0.63a	4.03±0.12d	0.94±0.02b	6.52±0.19a	4.34±0.09b
	CK	1.28±0.15ab	3.41±0.13b	4.72±0.19bc	0.97±0.09b	4.41±0.18b	4.07±0.16b
	F	1.43±0.1a	4.29±0.06b	5.18±0.28ab	1.23±0.08a	5.01±0.23b	5.91±0.48a
	M	0.96±0.02c	3.38±0.06b	4.15±0.26cd	1.04±0.04b	4.82±0.13b	4.32±0.26b
	FM	1.01±0.01bc	3.86±0.06b	5.49±0.35a	0.87±0.03b	4.93±0.16b	4.33±0.43b
20~40	改良前	0.7±0.06c	7.02±0.31a	3.69±0.13b	0.74±0.04a	6.6±0.28a	4.35±0.26a
	CK	1.07±0.11ab	3.04±0.19c	4.63±0.02a	0.77±0.01a	4.19±0.37b	4.49±0.33a
	F	1.13±0.03a	3.96±0.07b	4.86±0.25a	1.01±0.11a	5.08±0.26b	5.12±0.09a
	M	1.02±0.03ab	3.49±0.14bc	5.23±0.38a	0.98±0.11a	4.69±0.49b	4.91±0.37a
	FM	0.89±0.04bc	3.78±0.09bc	5.15±0.41a	0.96±0.18a	5.00±0.27b	5.08±0.12a
40~60	改良前	0.69±0.02b	6.55±0.78a	3.75±0.05b	0.58±0.02c	6.03±0.28a	3.82±0.03b
	CK	0.88±0.2ab	3.49±0.25b	4.12±0.12b	0.7±0.02b	4.53±0.18b	4.27±0.30ab
	F	0.94±0.08a	3.84±0.06b	4.97±0.26a	0.89±0.07a	4.71±0.15b	4.74±0.39a
	M	0.81±0.03ab	3.56±0.2b	5.27±0.38a	0.91±0.03a	4.54±0.21b	4.72±0.16a
	FM	0.79±0.04ab	3.90±0.12b	4.25±0.1b	0.70±0.02b	4.57±0.05b	4.90±0.12a

土层/cm	处理	重茬果园			非重茬果园
土层/cm	处理	TP/(mg/kg)	AP/(mg/kg)	OP/(mg/kg)	TP/(mg/kg)	AP/(mg/kg)	OP/(mg/kg)
0~20	改良前	146.44±7.64b	96.74±11.35bc	49.69±12.17a	140.21±4.73b	51.47±6.63c	88.74±6.39a
	CK	166.87±11.7ab	117.83±2.4ab	49.04±13.76a	138.44±8.99b	59.88±8.16c	78.56±16.76a
	F	185.45±2.58a	136.41±6.11a	49.04±5.33a	214.81±10.43a	155.54±12.36a	59.27±17.82a
	M	144.50±4.24b	83.86±14.21c	60.65±10.23a	239.18±18.83a	152.07±8a	87.11±14.6a
	FM	168.85±1.07a	130.77±6.63a	38.08±5.57a	160.31±8.48b	101.20±11.51b	59.11±13.21a
20~40	改良前	125.20±6.16b	46.15±6.83b	79.04±5.79a	127.85±4.75b	33.24±4.76c	94.61±2.78a
	CK	164.01±5.43a	95.17±12.13a	68.84±10.78a	130.16±2.03b	48.47±9.14bc	81.69±9.78a
	F	164.80±14.7a	98.20±7.15a	66.61±17.5a	201.76±34.11a	142.66±19.13a	59.11±26.34a
	M	150.35±4.68ab	85.67±13.13a	64.68±9.74a	196.69±25.72a	133.91±6.58a	62.78±22.78a
	FM	158.50±18.13a	103.65±1.21a	54.84±16.93a	136.82±4.15b	65.04±6.53b	71.78±4.92a
40~60	改良前	117.73±3.78a	38.41±2.59b	79.32±5.28a	120.00±8.94b	28.89±0.35b	91.11±8.81a
	CK	134.80±2.25a	51.94±15.31ab	82.85±13.55a	111.95±6.22b	35.90±4.25b	76.05±2.04a
	F	148.21±16.98a	73.51±10.71a	74.70±13.77a	202.62±40.69a	123.52±20.72a	79.11±21.59a
	M	117.60±15.32a	58.77±12.19ab	58.83±3.37a	158.76±33.27a	104.24±20.27a	54.52±16.67a
	FM	133.82±18.78a	78.53±3.09a	55.30±16.11a	116.5±2.51b	46.97±13.67b	69.53±14.62a