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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (35): 20-25.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0355

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度对不同株型海岛棉农艺、纤维品质和产量性状的影响

白玉林1,2(), 杜斌1,2, 田楠1,2, 王承强1,2(), 刘霞1,2()   

  1. 1 昌吉溢达纺织有限公司,新疆昌吉 831100
    2 新疆棉纺工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830054
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29 修回日期:2024-08-29 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-12
  • 通讯作者:
    王承强,男,1989年出生,甘肃古浪人,农艺师,本科,研究方向:棉花育种及栽培管理。通信地址:830054 新疆乌鲁木齐市银川路966号,Tel:0991-4310828,E-mail:
    刘霞,女,1972年出生,新疆库尔勒人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:棉花育种。通信地址:830054 新疆乌鲁木齐市银川路966号,Tel:0991-4310828,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    白玉林,男,1980年出生,青海民和人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向:棉花育种及栽培管理。通信地址:830054 新疆乌鲁木齐市银川路966号,Tel:0991-4310828,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅“天山英才”基层科技骨干人才(2023TSYCJC0021)

Effects of Planting Density on Agronomic, Fiber Quality and Yield Traits of Different Plant Types of Sea-Island Cotton

BAI Yulin1,2(), DU Bin1,2, TIAN Nan1,2, WANG Chengqiang1,2(), LIU Xia1,2()   

  1. 1 Changji Esquel Textile Co., LTD., Changji, Xinjiang 831100
    2 Xinjiang Cotton Spinning Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830054
  • Received:2024-05-29 Revised:2024-08-29 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-12

摘要:

为明确不同株型海岛棉对种植密度的响应,于2022年4月—2023年11月在新疆昌吉溢达纺织有限公司育种试验地开展试验,以株型松散的‘元龙28号’、‘元龙61号’和株型紧凑的‘新海45号’为材料,设置D1(15万株/hm2)、D2(21万株/hm2)、D3(27万株/hm2)和D4(33万株/hm2)4个密度处理,研究4个种植密度下不同株型海岛棉农艺、品质及产量性状的变化。结果表明:松散型和紧凑型材料都随种植密度的增加,株高、株宽、单株成铃、单铃重、子指、马克隆值、上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、长度整齐度和纤维成熟度呈下降的趋势,中下部果枝成铃占比升高;花铃期的株高、株宽及单株成铃数在各密度间呈显著性差异。研究发现,松散型材料‘元龙28号’在D3密度时产量最高,‘元龙61号’在D2密度时产量最高,紧凑型材料‘新海45号’在D1密度时产量最高。株型松散的材料果枝长、长势稳,适应性好,适宜的种植密度在21.0万~27.0万株/hm2;株型紧凑的材料具有果枝短,长势快、旺盛,结铃性强的特征,对营养物质的需求高,应根据实际长势调整栽培手段,使长势优势转变为产量优势,进一步提升产量。研究旨在为不同株型的海岛棉品种高产示范推广提供理论支撑和栽培技术措施。

关键词: 种植密度, 株型, 海岛棉, 纤维品质, 产量

Abstract:

In order to study the response of different plant types of sea-island cotton to planting density, two loose plant types‘Yuanlong28’, ‘Yuanlong 61’and compact plant type ‘Xinhai 45’, were selected as materials for research, and the variations in agronomic, quality and yield traits under four distinct planting densities were studied. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, plant height, plant width, bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index, micronaire, upper half mean length, fiber strength, length uniformity and fiber maturity showed a decreasing trend, while bolls per plant in middle and lower part of fruit branches increased. The plant height, plant width and bolls per plant in flowering and boll stage were significantly different among different densities. The loose plant type materials had long fruit branches, stable growth and great adaptability, and the suitable planting density was 0.21 million-0.27 million plants/ha. The compact plant type material had the characteristics of short fruit branches, fast growth, vigorous, strong boll setting, and high requirements for nutrients. Cultivation methods should be adjusted according to the actual growth, so that the growth advantage can be transformed into the yield advantage, and the yield can be further improved.

Key words: planting density, plant types, sea-island cotton, fiber quality, yield