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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (35): 43-48.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0333

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

粉垄耕作对黄芪土壤养分及生长的影响

张天赐1(), 李思璇2, 陈彦云2()   

  1. 1 宁夏高新技术创业服务中心，银川 750000
    2 宁夏大学生命科学学院，银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-23 修回日期:2024-08-27 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-12
  • 通讯作者:
    陈彦云，男，1965年出生，宁夏平罗人，研究员，学士，研究方向：马铃薯资源利用及开发研究。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区贺兰山西路539号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张天赐，男，1973年出生，宁夏中卫人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：农业信息与农业科技等研究。通信地址：750000 宁夏高新技术创业服务中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“粉垄耕作提升耕地质量研究与示范”(2019BBF02006)

Effects of Smash Ridging Tillage on Soil Nutrients and Growth of Astragalus Membranaceus

ZHANG Tianci1(), LI Sixuan2, CHEN Yanyun2()   

  1. 1 Ningxia High-tech Entrepreneurship Service Center, Yinchuan 750000
    2 School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
  • Received:2024-05-23 Revised:2024-08-27 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-12

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摘要：

针对宁南山区黄芪资源紧缺、土壤耕层深度变浅、土壤盐化和产量下降等问题，研究粉垄耕作对黄芪土壤养分、形态特征、产量及产品质量的影响，为其大规模、科学生产提供技术支持。以蒙古黄芪为供试中药材，在宁夏固原市原州区三营镇进行试验，采用大区对比试验设计，设置深松耕作深度40 cm(CK1)、传统旋耕深度20 cm(CK2)和粉垄耕作深度20 cm(FL1)3个处理，分别测定不同处理对黄芪土壤养分、植株形态特征、产品质量、肥料利用效果及产量的影响。结果显示：FL1与CK2相比较，碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质分别提高了3.14%、25.15%、18.02%和3.7%；主根粗增粗1.07 mm、主根长增长26.16 cm。FL1单产干、鲜重分别达到4200.15 kg/hm2、13600.65 kg/hm2，CK2的单产干、鲜重最低，为3200.1 kg/hm2、9500.55 kg/hm2，FL1比CK2鲜重产量提高43.15%，FL1纯收益34504.5元/hm2，与CK2相比利润提高144.67%。研究发现，粉垄耕作可以改善黄芪的营养生长环境，促进植物生长，利于植物根长、根粗的增加，提高产、质量，提升经济效益，粉垄耕作对半干旱地区中药材土壤质量改良具有一定的积极作用。

关键词: 宁南山区, 黄芪, 粉垄耕作, 形态特征, 土壤养分, 肥料利用, 产量

Abstract:

Aiming at the shortage of Astragalus resources in Ningnan mountainous area, shallow soil ploughing depth, soil salinisation, yield decline and other problems, the paper studied the effects of chalk ploughing on soil nutrients, morphological characteristics, yield and product quality of Mongolian Astragalus, to provide technical support for its large-scale and scientific production. A randomised block design was adopted, and three treatments were set, namely, deep pine ploughing at a depth of 40 cm (CK1), traditional rotary ploughing at a depth of 20 cm (CK2), and smash ridging tillage at a depth of 20 cm (FL1), to determine the effects of the different treatments on the soil nutrients, morphological characteristics of the plant, product quality, fertilizer utilization and yield of Astragalus, respectively. The results showed that compared to the CK2, the alkaline nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matter of FL1 increased by 3.14%, 25.15%, 18.02% and 3.7%, respectively, and the main root coarseness of FL1 increased by 1.07 mm and the main root length increased by 26.16 cm. The dry and fresh weight of the yield of FL1 reached 4200.15 kg/hm2 and 13600.65 kg/hm2, respectively, and CK2 had the lowest yields of 3200.1 kg/hm2 and 9500.55 kg/hm2, and the fresh weight yield of FL1 was 43.15% higher than that of CK2, and the net income of FL1 was 34504.5 Yuan/hm2, which was 144.67% higher than that of CK2. Smash ridging tillage can improve the nutrient growth environment of Astragalus, promote plant growth, facilitate the increase of root length and root thickness, improve the yield and quality, and enhance the economic benefits. Smash ridging tillage has a certain positive effect on soil quality improvement of Chinese herbal medicine in semi-arid areas.

Key words: Ningnan mountainous area, astragalus, smash ridging tillage, morphological characteristics, soil nutrients, fertilizer utilization, yield