缓释送嫁肥对水稻产量和品质的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0643

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0643

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 下一篇

缓释送嫁肥对水稻产量和品质的影响

陈秋丽¹(), 赵轶鹏¹, 丁震乾¹, 王友霜¹, 何弯弯¹^,², 薛炮¹^,², 范运新¹, 胡婷婷¹^,²()

¹ 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所，江苏徐州 221131
² 生物育种钟山实验室，南京 210000

收稿日期:2024-10-11 修回日期:2025-03-24 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-24
通讯作者:
胡婷婷，女，1980年出生，湖北宜昌人，副研究员，博士，主要从事水稻遗传育种及淮北地区水稻高产高效栽培技术研究。通信地址：221131 江苏省徐州市经开区高铁站北鲲鹏路2号江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所，Tel：0516-82189227，E-mail：htt713@163.com。
作者简介:
陈秋丽，女，1996年出生，河南开封人，研究实习员，硕士，主要从事淮北地区水稻高产高效栽培技术研究及水稻生理生态研究。通信地址：221131 江苏省徐州市经开区高铁站北鲲鹏路2号江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所，Tel：0516-82189227，E-mail：chen1842765@163.com。
基金资助:
国家水稻产业技术体系项目“水稻徐州综合试验站”(CARS-01-98); 徐州市重点研发计划（现代农业）项目“粳稻抗稻瘟病种质创制及优质高产新品种选育”(KC22073); 徐州市基础研究计划（青年科技人才）项目“水稻颖壳开裂突变体sg5的基因克隆及功能分析”(KC23042); 生物育种钟山实验室项目“水稻高产优质抗逆新品种创制”(ZSBBL-KY2023-01-04)

Effects of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Before Transplanting on Yield and Quality of Rice

CHEN Qiuli¹(), ZHAO Yipeng¹, DING Zhenqian¹, WANG Youshuang¹, HE Wanwan¹^,², XUE Pao¹^,², FAN Yunxin¹, HU Tingting¹^,²()

¹ Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221131
² Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing 210000

Received:2024-10-11 Revised:2025-03-24 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究缓释液体氮肥作送嫁肥代替返青分蘖肥对水稻的影响，本研究选取‘华浙优210’为供试材料，以常规分次施肥为对照(CK)，施用缓释液体氮肥作送嫁肥代替返青分蘖肥为处理(T)，来研究不同施肥方式对水稻生长、产量、品质的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，T处理对水稻的茎蘖数、SPAD值、形态学特征没有显著影响，然而，T处理能够显著促进水稻生育中后期地上部干物质积累，还可以提高水稻生育前期的根冠比，这有助于水稻壮苗；T处理可降低水稻生育中后期的根冠比，增加地上部生物量积累，从而为高产打下基础。由于有效穗数降低，T处理的产量略低于CK，但无显著影响。T处理可以显著提高稻米的加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质，但对稻米的营养品质影响不明显。所以，施用缓释送嫁肥代替返青分蘖肥能够在确保产量和品质的前提下，达到省工节本高效的目的。

关键词: 水稻, 缓释液体氮肥, 送嫁肥, 分蘖肥, 生长, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizer as the nitrogen fertilizer before transplanting instead of tiller fertilizer on rice, the field experiment was conducted using ‘Huazheyou 210’ as the experimental variety. Two groups were established: the control group (CK), which received conventional fractional fertilization, and the treatment group (T), which was treated with slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizer as the before transplanting nitrogen application instead of tiller fertilizer. The research aimed to evaluate the effects of these fertilization methods on the growth, yield and quality of rice. The results showed that the T treatment had no significant effect on the stem tiller number, SPAD value and morphological characteristics of rice when compared with CK. However, it significantly promoted the accumulation of aboveground dry matter during the middle and late growth stages and increased the root-shoot ratio in the early growth stage, thereby establishing a foundation for robust seedlings. Conversely, it reduced the root-shoot ratio in the middle and late growth stages, which contributed to the accumulation of aboveground biomass and laying a foundation for high yield. Although the T treatment resulted in a slight decrease in the effective panicle number, consequently, a marginally lower yield compared to CK, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, T treatment could significantly improve the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking taste quality of rice, but no obvious effect on the nutritional quality of rice. These results indicated that the application of slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizer as nitrogen fertilizer before transplanting instead of tiller fertilizer can achieve the purpose of saving labor, cost, and being efficient on the premise of ensuring yield and quality.

Key words: rice, slow-release liquid nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer before transplanting, tiller fertilizer, growth, yield, quality

陈秋丽, 赵轶鹏, 丁震乾, 王友霜, 何弯弯, 薛炮, 范运新, 胡婷婷. 缓释送嫁肥对水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(12): 1-8.

CHEN Qiuli, ZHAO Yipeng, DING Zhenqian, WANG Youshuang, HE Wanwan, XUE Pao, FAN Yunxin, HU Tingting. Effects of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Before Transplanting on Yield and Quality of Rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(12): 1-8.

图/表 13

参考文献 35

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处理	送嫁肥	基肥	分蘖肥	穗肥	总和
CK	0N	120N	72N	48N	240N
T	72YN	120N	0N	48N	240N

处理	送嫁肥	基肥	分蘖肥	穗肥	总和
CK	0N	120N	72N	48N	240N
T	72YN	120N	0N	48N	240N

处理	有效穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	每穗粒数/粒	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
CK	317.14a	248.15a	89.93a	24.45a	11739.2a
T	314.36a	250.45a	89.92a	24.42a	11605.8a

处理	有效穗数/(×10⁴/hm²)	每穗粒数/粒	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
CK	317.14a	248.15a	89.93a	24.45a	11739.2a
T	314.36a	250.45a	89.92a	24.42a	11605.8a

处理	糙米率	精米率	整精米率	垩白粒率	垩白面积	垩白度
CK	81.26±0.16a	71.29±1.72a	64.07±1.68a	17.00±1.00a	12.29±0.32a	2.09±0.18a
T	81.14±0.26a	73.21±3.06a	65.35±1.61a	18.67±0.58a	10.54±0.19b	1.97±0.03a

缓释送嫁肥对水稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer Before Transplanting on Yield and Quality of Rice

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处理	直链淀粉	清蛋白	球蛋白	醇溶蛋白	谷蛋白	总蛋白
CK	17.58±1.19a	0.23±0.01b	0.32±0.03a	0.03±0.00b	4.55±0.42a	5.14±0.40a
T	17.76±0.80a	0.29±0.04a	0.32±0.05a	0.05±0.00a	4.44±0.16a	5.10±0.17a

处理	峰值粘度/cP	热浆粘度/cP	崩解值/cP	冷胶粘度/cP	消碱值/cP	回复值/cP	峰值糊化时间/min	糊化糊化温度/℃
CK	2600±8b	1455±26a	1146±29b	2761±8b	160±8a	1306±22a	6±00a	86±00a
T	2735±12a	1478±30a	1258±25a	2792±9a	56±9b	1314±22a	6±00a	86±00a

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