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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (14): 52-60.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0680

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻育秧盘接触施肥对秧苗生长、养分氮磷钾的释放特征和水稻产量的影响

陈功磊1(), 颜栋2, 汪吉东2, 张辉2, 宁运旺2, 梁栋2, 马洪波2()   

  1. 1 丹阳市农业农村局，江苏丹阳 212300
    2 江苏省农业科学院，南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-29 修回日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-14
  • 通讯作者:
    马洪波，男，1983年出生，黑龙江铁力人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事耕地地力提升、养分资源管理工作。通信地址：210014 江苏省南京市钟灵街50号，Tel：021-84391523，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    陈功磊，男，1982年出生，河南光山人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事化肥减量增效、耕地质量提升工作。通信地址：212300 江苏省丹阳市丹金路356号，Tel：0511-86530963，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BE2022424); 省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(3122)

Effects of Slow-released Fertilizer in Rice Seedling Tray on Seedling Growth, NPK Release Characteristics and Rice Yield

CHEN Gonglei1(), YAN Dong2, WANG Jidong2, ZHANG Hui2, NING Yunwang2, LIANG Dong2, MA Hongbo2()   

  1. 1 Danyang Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300
    2 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2024-10-29 Revised:2025-04-16 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-05-14

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摘要：

水稻育秧盘接触施肥是实现水稻高效栽培的一种重要途径，为研究水稻育秧盘接触施肥对秧苗生长、养分氮磷钾的释放特征和水稻产量的影响，以‘南粳46’为供试水稻品种，开展接触施肥育秧试验和大田试验，育秧试验设置2个处理，分别为常规营养土育秧和接触施肥育秧，大田试验设置5个处理，分别为不施氮、常规施肥、包膜肥一次性施肥、侧深施肥一次性施肥和接触施一次性施肥，测定分析水稻育秧盘接触施肥的养分释放特征、植株养分需求规律和对氮肥利用率的影响，以及对秧苗地上部、叶绿素和含氮量、根系、水稻产量和产量构成的影响。育秧试验结果表明，接触施育秧盘的缓释肥氮磷钾主要释放时间在第7天和第13天，水稻秧苗主要吸收的氮时间为第8~9天，主要吸收磷钾时间在第13天，与常规育秧相比，接触施育秧的地上部鲜重、叶片数、株高和茎粗分别提高37.30%、66.67%、44.57%和13.43%，叶片叶绿素和氮含量分别增加29.33%和53.32%。大田试验结果表明，相同施肥水平下，与包膜肥一次性施肥和侧深施肥一次性施肥相比，接触施一次性施肥处理的水稻产量显著地增加10.73% (P<0.05)和6.69% (P<0.05)，氮肥利用率显著增加了26.51% (P<0.05)和14.97%。综上，与常规育秧相比，接触施育秧显著提高秧苗地上部生长和养分含量，大田相同施肥水平下，接触施一次性施肥能够增加水稻产量，提高氮肥利用率。

关键词: 水稻, 育秧盘, 缓释肥, 一次性施肥, 秧苗素质, 产量

Abstract:

The traditional soil-based rice seedling methods for mechanical transplanting are time consuming and laborious. Slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray is an important way to achieve efficient cultivation of rice. The effects of slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray on seedling growth, NPK release characteristics and rice yield were studied. The rice seedling experiment was set up with two treatments: rice seedling with nutrient soil and rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer. In further, the field experiment was set up with five treatments: no nitrogen application, conventional fertilization, one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer (OFSRF), one-time fertilization with side-deep fertilization (OFSDF) and one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray (OFSS). The results of the rice seedling experiment showed that the main release time of NPK in the slow-released fertilizer in the rice seedling tray was day 7 and day 13, and the main absorption time of nitrogen by rice was on day 8- day 9, and the main absorption time of phosphorus and potassium was on day 13. Compared with conventional rice seedling, the aboveground fresh weight, leaf number, plant height and stem diameter treated with rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer increased by 37.30%, 66.67%, 44.57% and 13.43%, respectively, and the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content of the leaves increased by 29.33% and 53.32%, respectively. The results of the field experiment showed that compared with the OFSRF and OFSDF, the rice yield of OFSS was significantly increased by 10.73% (P<0.05) and 6.69% (P<0.05), while the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was significantly increased by 26.51% (P<0.05) and 14.97%. In summary, compared with conventional rice seedling, rice seedling with slow-released fertilizer improved the aboveground growth and nutrient content of seedling. Under the same fertilization level in the field, one-time fertilization with slow-released fertilizer in rice seedling tray could increase rice yield and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency.

Key words: rice, seedling tray, slow-released fertilizer, one-time fertilization, seedling quality, yield