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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (23): 31-37.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0665

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同亲本行比配置和母本摘薹对‘佳油5号’制种产量和经济效益的影响

徐菲菲1(), 彭霄1, 左上歧2, 陈蓉2, 王佳婧3, 吴永成1()   

  1. 1 四川农业大学农学院，成都 611130
    2 四川科乐油菜研究开发有限公司，四川德阳 618100
    3 四川省德阳市农业农村局，四川德阳 618100
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-10 修回日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2025-08-19 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 通讯作者:
    吴永成，男，1973年出生，四川大邑人，教授，博士生导师，主要从事作物栽培与农业生态研究。通信地址：611100 四川省成都市温江区惠民路211号 四川农业大学，Tel：028-17713561646，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐菲菲，女，2000年出生，山东聊城人，硕士研究生，主要从事油菜三系制种研究。通信地址：611100 四川省成都市温江区惠民路211号 四川农业大学，Tel：0635-15275815785，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    德阳市科技计划项目“核不育三系杂交油菜制种高产配套关键技术研究与示范”(2022NZ025); 四川省农作物育种攻关栽培课题“油料新品种关键栽培技术创新与应用”(2021YFYZ0005); 国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队“稻田油菜优质高效栽培”(SCCXTD-2024-03); 四川省生物育种重大专项油菜项“绿色高效油菜重大新品种培育”(2022ZDZX0015)

Effects of Different Parental Row Ratios Allocation and Topping on Yield and Economic Benefit of‘Jiayou 5’Seed Production

XU Feifei1(), PENG Xiao1, ZUO Shangqi2, CHEN Rong2, WANG Jiajing3, WU Yongcheng1()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
    2 Sichuan Kele Rapeseed Research and Development Co., LTD, Deyang, Sichuan 618100
    3 Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Deyang City, Sichuan Province, Deyang, Sichuan 618100
  • Received:2024-11-10 Revised:2025-02-15 Published:2025-08-19 Online:2025-08-19

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摘要：

本研究旨在探究油菜制种过程中的最佳亲本行比以及适宜的田间栽培技术，以期为杂交油菜制种技术的发展提供坚实的理论支撑。以不育系716A×恢复系13R组合作为试验材料，运用二因素裂区试验设计方法，设置6种不同的亲本行比，同时在蕾薹期分别实施摘薹与不摘薹两种处理。研究结果表明，不同亲本行比处理对油菜的农艺性状和制种产量产生了显著影响。在单行父本设置的情形下，产量呈现出T12M1 >T13M1 >T14M1的排序；而在双行父本设置时，产量表现为T26M1 >T24M1 >T28M1。摘薹处理同样对油菜的农艺性状具有显著作用。相较于未摘薹处理，摘薹后油菜的株高、有效分枝高、一次分枝数量以及一次分枝角果数量分别平均降低了9.01%、60.03%、31.19%、25.02%；相反，二次分枝数量和二次分枝角果数量分别平均增加了28.08%、50.52%。此外，单株角果数量平均降低了7.03%，这可能是由于二次分枝角果增加数未能补偿一次分枝减少的角果数，同时每角果粒数平均降低了6.06%，制种产量平均下降了4.98%。综合各项指标，T26M1处理实现了最高产量。综上所述，在本试验所设定的条件下，当亲本行比设定为2:6，且在蕾薹期对母本不进行摘薹处理时，油菜的制种产量和经济效益均达到了最优状态。

关键词: 油菜, 亲本行比, 摘薹, 农艺性状, 干物质积累, 制种产量, 经济效益

Abstract:

This research focused on optimizing the parental row ratio and developing suitable field cultivation techniques for hybrid rapeseed production, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for advancing hybrid breeding technology. The experiment utilized a sterile line (716A) × restorer line (13R) hybrid combination in a two-factor split-plot design, to test six different parental row ratios along with two bolting-stage treatments (topping and non-topping).The results demonstrated that different parental row ratios significantly influenced both agronomic traits and seed production yield in rapeseed. Under single-row paternal line arrangements, seed yields followed the order: T12M1 > T13M1 > T14M1, whereas dual-row paternal configurations exhibited a different hierarchy: T26M1 > T24M1 > T28M1. The bolting-stage topping treatment significantly influenced rapeseed agronomic traits. Compared with the non-topped plants, topped specimens showed average reductions of 9.01% in plant height, 60.03% in effective branching height, 31.19% in primary branch number, and 25.02% in silique number on primary branches. Conversely, secondary branches demonstrated average increases of 28.08% in branch number and 50.52% in silique production. However, the total silique number per plant decreased by 7.03% on average, likely because the increased silique production on secondary branches failed to compensate for the reduction in primary branches. This was accompanied by an average decrease of 6.06% in seeds per silique, ultimately resulting in a 4.98% average reduction in hybrid seed production yield. Based on comprehensive evaluation of all indicators, the T26M1 treatment achieved the highest yield. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions set in this study, when the parent row ratio was configured at 2:6 and no bolting removal was applied to the female parent during the bud and bolting stage, both the seed production yield and economic benefits of rapeseed reached their optimal levels.

Key words: rape, parental row ratio, topping, agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, seed production yield, economic benefits