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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (28): 1-9.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0040

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

灌水模式对不同基因型旱地小麦产量和品质的影响

米勇(), 吕广德, 王超, 王瑞霞, 亓晓蕾, 尹逊栋, 孙盈盈, 牟秋焕, 钱兆国, 孙宪印()   

  1. 泰安市农业科学院，山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-20 修回日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2025-10-05 发布日期:2025-10-10
  • 通讯作者:
    孙宪印，男，1969年出生，正高级农艺师，博士，主要从事小麦节水品种选育与技术推广。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市唐王大街316号 泰安市农业科学院，Tel：0538-8501733，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    米勇，男，1979年出生，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事小麦品种选育与技术推广。通信地址：271000 山东省泰安市唐王大街316号 泰安市农业科学院，Tel：0538-8501733，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家小麦产业技术体系项目“泰安综合试验站”(CARS-3-61); 山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目“小麦产业创新团队”(SDAIT-01-05); 山东省重点研发计划项目“节水高产广适小麦新品种选育与配套栽培技术研究”(2018GNC2302); 泰安市科技创新发展项目“节水高产小麦新品种选育与绿色高效栽培技术研究”(2020NS068)

Effects of Irrigation Patterns on Yield and Quality of Different Genotypes of Dryland Wheat Varieties

MI Yong(), LYU Guangde, WANG Chao, WANG Ruixia, QI Xiaolei, YIN Xundong, SUN Yingying, MU Qiuhuan, QIAN Zhaoguo, SUN Xianyin()   

  1. Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, Shandong 271000
  • Received:2025-01-20 Revised:2025-05-26 Published:2025-10-05 Online:2025-10-10

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摘要：

本研究探讨不同灌水模式对旱地小麦新品种产量及品质的影响，为新品种的推广提供理论依据。选取4个旱地小麦品种，设置越冬水(E1)、越冬水+拔节水(E2)、越冬水+拔节水+开花水(E3)3种灌水模式，采用随机区组设计，重复3次。结果表明，不同品种的产量性状和品质性状均存在基因型效应(G)、灌水模式效应(E)和基因型×灌水模式互作效应(GE)，且均表现差异显著，基因型效应(G)的变异范围为1.34%~82.73%，灌水模式效应(E)的变异范围为3.73%~83.10%，基因型×灌水模式互作效应(GE)的变异范围为0.79%~29.60%；其中，越冬水+拔节水(E2)对产量和品质的提升效果最显著。综合产量表现，以产量为导向的品种选择顺序为‘泰科麦32’>‘泰科麦30’>‘洛旱7号’>‘鲁麦21’，而兼顾优质高产的首选品种为‘泰科麦30’；在水资源允许的情况下，建议优先在拔节期灌溉，使小麦的产量和品质得到同步提高。

关键词: 小麦品种, 灌水模式, 产量性状, 蛋白质性状, 粉质仪参数, 互作效应

Abstract:

This study investigated how different irrigation regimes affect yield and quality traits of new dryland wheat varieties with distinct genotypes, providing theoretical support for cultivar selection and cultivation practices. A randomized block design with three replications was adopted, incorporating two factors: variety (four genotypes) and irrigation regime (E1 wintering water only; E2 wintering + jointing water; E3 wintering + jointing + flowering water). Significant genotype (G), irrigation (E), and genotype × irrigation interaction (GE) effects were detected across all yield and quality traits. The contribution rates varied as follows: G (1.34%-82.73%), E (3.73%-83.10%), and GE (0.79%-29.60%). The E2 treatment (wintering + jointing water) showed the greatest improvements in both yield and quality among the tested irrigation regimes. For yield-oriented production, cultivar performance ranked: ‘Taikemai 32’> ‘Taikemai 30’> ‘Luohan 7’> ‘Lumai 21’. ‘Taikemai 30’ emerged as the optimal cultivar balancing high yield with superior quality. Where water resources permit, jointing-stage irrigation (E2) is recommended to simultaneously boost both yield and grain quality.

Key words: wheat varieties, irrigation pattern, yield trait, protein trait, farinograph parameter, interaction effect