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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (33): 104-112.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0187

• 生物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术在水稻抗病性研究中的应用进展

吴浩然1(), 王慧1,2, 黄艳玲1, 陈思1, 李侠芳1, 张从合1,2()   

  1. 1 安徽荃银高科种业股份有限公司/农业农村部杂交稻新品种创制重点实验室,合肥 230088
    2 上海中科荃银分子育种技术有限公司,上海 200233
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-11 修回日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-01
  • 通讯作者:
    张从合,男,1972年出生,安徽霍邱人,研究员,硕士,主要从事杂交水稻遗传育种与产业化研究。通信地址:230088 安徽省合肥市高新区创新大道98号安徽荃银高科种业股份有限公司,Tel:0551-65327893,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    吴浩然,男,1997年出生,安徽肥东人,助理农艺师,本科,研究方向:水稻遗传育种。通信地址:230088 安徽省合肥市高新区创新大道98号 安徽荃银高科种业股份有限公司,Tel:18844141170,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    长三角科技创新共同体联合攻关基础研究项目(2024CSJZN01100)

Application of CRISPR-Cas Gene Editing Technology in Rice Disease Resistance Research

WU Haoran1(), WANG Hui1,2, HUANG Yanling1, CHEN Si1, LI Xiafang1, ZHANG Conghe1,2()   

  1. 1 Anhui Win-all Hi-tech Seed Co., LTD./National Key Laboratory for New Variety Development of Hybrid Rice of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230088
    2 Shanghai ZKW Molecular Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233
  • Received:2025-03-11 Revised:2025-05-15 Published:2025-11-25 Online:2025-12-01

摘要:

水稻不仅是中国重要的粮食作物,更是全球30多亿人口的主要食物来源。近几十年来,各种病虫害肆虐、气候变化加剧及其他不利因素对水稻生产及全球粮食安全构成了严重威胁,培育高产抗病水稻品种的需求日益迫切。传统育种方法过程繁琐、效率低下,在此背景下,基因编辑技术已逐渐成为水稻抗病育种领域的研究热点。基因编辑技术历经三代演进:从锌指核酸酶(ZFN)、转录激活样效应因子核酸酶(TALEN)到CRISPR基因编辑系统,并衍生出单碱基编辑和引导编辑系统等技术。本文通过梳理国内外最新研究进展,系统总结了CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术在水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病、稻曲病、白叶枯病、细菌性条斑病和黑条矮缩病抗性研究中的应用,深入分析其在水稻抗病育种中的应用现状,展望未来发展前景,以期为水稻抗病育种提供新的思路和方法,同时为基因编辑技术的进一步发展提供参考。

关键词: 基因编辑, 水稻, 抗病育种, CRISPR-Cas9, 信号转导机制, 基因敲除

Abstract:

Rice is not only an important food crop in our country but also a primary source of food for over 3 billion people worldwide. In recent decades, various pests and diseases, climate change and other adverse factors have posed a serious threat to rice production and global food security, leading to an increasing demand for high-yield and disease-resistant rice varieties. Traditional breeding methods are cumbersome and inefficient. Against this backdrop, gene editing technology has gradually become a research focus in the field of disease-resistant rice breeding. Gene editing technology has evolved through three generations: from zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) to the CRISPR gene editing system, and derived technologies such as single base editing and guided editing systems. This article reviews the latest research progress both domestically and internationally, systematically summarizing the applications of CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology in the resistance studies of rice blast, sheath blight, rice false smut, bacterial blight, bacterial leaf streak and rice black streaked dwarf disease. It provides an in-depth analysis of the current application status in rice disease-resistant breeding and forecasts future development prospects, aiming to offer new ideas and methods for rice disease-resistant breeding while also providing references for further development of gene editing technology.

Key words: gene editing, rice, disease-resistant breeding, CRISPR-Cas9, signal transduction mechanism, gene knockout