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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (34): 74-81.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0450

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于降低珠三角水稻Cd、As吸收的土壤调理剂筛选试验研究

尹贻龙1(), 王钰静2,3, 王艳红1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室，广州 510640
    2 广州市南沙区农业服务中心，广州 511462
    3 广州市黄埔区植物保护站，广州 510700
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2025-10-14 出版日期:2025-12-04 发布日期:2025-12-04
  • 通讯作者:
    王艳红，女，1975年出生，安徽萧县人，研究员，硕士，研究方向：土壤污染控制。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区金颖路66号 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：020-85161402，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    尹贻龙，男，1990年出生，山东泰安人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向：土壤重金属污染及调控研究。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区金颖路66号 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：020-85161402，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省省级乡村振兴战略专项农业农村污染治理项目(粤财农〔2020〕39号)

Screening Test of Soil Conditioners for Reducing Rice Cd and As in Pearl River Delta

YIN Yilong1(), WANG Yujing2,3, WANG Yanhong1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640
    2 Nansha District Agricultural Service Center, Guangzhou 511462
    3 Huangpu District Plant Protection Station, Guangzhou 510700
  • Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-10-14 Published:2025-12-04 Online:2025-12-04

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摘要：

本研究探讨大田条件下7种土壤调理剂对轻至中度重金属污染耕地早、晚造水稻镉(Cd)和砷(As)吸收的影响，旨在筛选有效降低水稻重金属含量的调理剂，为污染耕地的安全生产提供精准施用方案。采用田间小区试验，对比分析单独基施营养型阻控剂(ZK)、健地丰土壤调理剂(JF)、石灰质土壤调理剂(SH)、蚝壳基土壤调理剂(HK)、金葵子土壤调理剂(JK)、有机土壤调理剂(OF)和新江土壤调理剂(NK)的效果，以不施调理剂为对照(CK)，评估各处理对早、晚稻产量、糙米Cd和As含量以及稻田土壤的部分理化性质的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，7种土壤调理剂均不同程度提高了稻田土壤pH，其中SH处理增幅最显著，早、晚季分别提高0.60和0.29个单位；SH处理显著降低了土壤中DTPA提取态Cd含量，降幅分别为10.8%和13.1%，但可能增加土壤有效态As含量。各调理剂对土壤中交换性Ca、交换性Mg及有效Si等养分元素的影响存在差异，其中SH处理下土壤交换性Ca含量最高（早、晚季分别提高22.0%和20.8%），ZK处理显著提高了交换性Mg含量（分别提高9.9%和12.2%），JK处理显著提高了有效Si含量（分别提高89.8%和80.1%）。糙米Cd含量方面，5种处理显著降低，降幅26.0%~59.6%，其中SH处理在早稻季降幅最大，其次是ZK；所有处理对水稻总As含量影响不显著。综合来看，SH、ZK、HK可有效提高稻田土壤pH、降低DTPA提取态Cd含量，进而减少水稻Cd积累，同时对产量无显著负面影响，经济效益良好，具备在类似重金属污染水稻种植区推广应用的潜力。

关键词: 土壤调理剂, 水稻, 镉, 砷, 珠三角

Abstract:

The aims of the study are to investigate the effects of seven soil amendments on the uptake of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) by rice grown in the moderately to lightly heavy metal-contaminated paddy fields during the early and late growing stages, and identify effective amendments that significantly reduce heavy metal accumulation in rice grains, providing a basis for the safe production of contaminated farmland through precise amendment application. A field plot experiment was designed to evaluate seven types of soil amendments applied individually as basal fertilizers, including a nutrient-based blocking agent (ZK), Jiandifeng soil conditioner (JF), calcareous soil amendment (SH), oyster shell-based amendment (HK), Jinkuizi amendment (JK), organic soil amendment (OF), and Xinjiang soil conditioner (NK), with no amendment application serving as the control (CK). The study analyzed rice yield, Cd and As concentrations in brown rice, and selected soil physicochemical properties during both cropping seasons. The results showed that compared with the control, all seven soil amendments increased the soil pH in both early and late rice seasons to varying degrees. The SH treatment resulted in the greatest increase, with pH rising by 0.60 and 0.29 units, respectively. SH also significantly reduced soil DTPA-extractable Cd by 10.8% and 13.1% in the early and late seasons, respectively, although it showed a tendency to increase soil available As. The effects of the amendments on soil macro-nutrient elements (exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg and available Si) varied. SH treatment yielded the highest exchangeable Ca content (22.0% and 20.8% increases), ZK achieved the highest exchangeable Mg levels (increases of 9.9% and 12.2%), while JK significantly enhanced available Si content (increases of 89.8% and 80.1%) in early and late seasons, respectively. Five of the seven treatments significantly reduced Cd concentrations in brown rice, with reductions ranging from 26.0% to 59.6%; the greatest decrease in the early season was observed in the SH treatment. No amendment had a significant effect on the total As content in rice grains. Under the conditions of this study, the SH, ZK and HK amendments effectively increased soil pH, reduced DTPA-extractable Cd levels, and consequently decreased Cd accumulation in rice grains during both cropping seasons. These treatments maintained the rice yield and offered favorable economic benefits, highlighting their practical potential for improving grain safety in contaminated paddy fields.

Key words: soil conditioner, rice, cadmium, arsenic, Pearl River Delta