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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (34): 82-86.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0516

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥替代部分化肥对鲜食蚕豆产量和土壤养分的影响

李艳兰1(), 蔡述江1, 李晓亮1, 胡新洲1, 李成春2, 李毅华2, 高玉玺2, 张玉荣1, 业荣2, 关翔1, 杨进成1()   

  1. 1 玉溪市农业科学院，云南玉溪 653100
    2 澄江市农业技术推广站，云南澄江 652500
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-13 修回日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2025-12-04 发布日期:2025-12-04
  • 通讯作者:
    杨进成，男，1967年出生，云南澄江人，研究员，硕士，主要从事农作物育种及栽培技术应用研究。通信地址：653100 云南省玉溪市红塔大道18号，Tel：0877-2066427，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李艳兰，女，1976年出生，云南红塔人，高级农艺师，学士，主要从事农作物育种及栽培技术应用研究。通信地址：653100 云南省玉溪市红塔大道18号，Tel：0877-2066427，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划项目“澄江市食用豆产业科技特派团项目”(202204BI090051); 云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划项目“峨山县优质食用豆科技特派团项目”(202404BI090005)

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Yield of Fresh Broad Beans

LI Yanlan1(), CAI Shujiang1, LI Xiaoliang1, HU Xinzhou1, LI Chengchun2, LI Yihua2, GAO Yuxi2, ZHANG Yurong1, YE Rong2, GUAN Xiang1, YANG Jincheng1()   

  1. 1 Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100
    2 Chengjiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, Chengjiang, Yunnan 652500
  • Received:2025-06-13 Revised:2025-10-24 Published:2025-12-04 Online:2025-12-04

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摘要：

为探究总施氮量恒定条件下，不同比例有机肥替代化肥对鲜食蚕豆产量和土壤养分的影响，以鲜食蚕豆品种‘玉豆3号’为材料，采用单因素随机区组设计，设置有机肥替代化肥比例为20%、40%、60%、80%、100% 5个处理。结果表明，有机肥替代化肥施用显著影响鲜食蚕豆农艺性状，且各处理表现各异。20%替代处理的株高和荚长表现最优，60%替代处理的叶苔数和分枝数最多，100%替代处理的荚宽最大，60%替代处理下土壤水解性氮的固化和矿化强度最低。在配施条件下（20%~80%替代），有机肥和化肥配施可有效提高蚕豆鲜荚产量，其中80%有机肥氮替代处理的肥料利用率、氮肥偏生产力及肥料贡献率均最高，实现鲜荚产量的最大化。

关键词: 鲜食蚕豆, 产量, 有机肥, 替代, 土壤养分

Abstract:

To explore the effects of organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer application on the yield of fresh broad beans and soil nutrients while the total nitrogen application rate remains unchanged, using ‘Yudou No.3’ as the material and adopting a random block design of factors, the effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer at ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% were studied respectively. The results showed that when organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer, the agronomic traits of fresh broad beans varied significantly with different nitrogen ratios. The plant height and pod length under 20% substitution treatment performed the best; the number of leaf stalks and branches under 60% substitution treatment performed the best; the pod width under 100% substitution treatment performed the best; under 60% substitution treatment, the solidification and mineralization intensity of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen was the lowest. Under the condition that the total nitrogen application remains unchanged, the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could increase the fresh pod yield of broad beans. When the substitution rate was 80%, the utilization of the fertilizer was the best, the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was the highest, the contribution rate of fertilizer was also the largest, and the fresh pod yield was maximized.

Key words: fresh broad beans, yield, organic fertilizer, substitution, soil nutrients