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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 27-36.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0313

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

农机农艺融合技术对皖南烤烟生产的影响

林硕1(), 李嘉伟2(), 蔡宪杰3, 朱启法1, 于可可2, 闫鼎3, 毛东平1, 程廷明1, 孙延国2, 王程栋2, 董建新2   

  1. 1 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司，安徽宣城 242000
    2 中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室，山东青岛 266101
    3 上海烟草集团有限责任公司，上海 200082
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21 修回日期:2025-09-26 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者:
    李嘉伟，男，1997年出生，研究实习员，硕士，主要从事烟草栽培技术研究。通信地址：266101 山东省青岛市崂山区科苑经四路11号 中国农业科学院烟草研究所，Tel：0532-88701506，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    林硕，男，1983年出生，工程师，硕士，主要从事烟叶生产农机装备研究与推广。通信地址：242000 安徽省宣城市宣州区鳌峰街道鳌峰中路72号 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司，Tel：0563-3032592，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司科技项目“烟叶生产农机农艺融合关键环节技术研究与示范”(20230563002); 上海烟草集团有限责任公司科技项目“提升烟叶均质化的关键环节农机农艺融合技术研究与示范”(20243100001); 中国烟叶公司烟叶技术改进项目“基于农机农艺融合的烟草双减技术模式构建与示范”(3032307)

Impact of Integration Technology of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomic Practice on Tobacco Production in Southern Anhui Province

LIN Shuo1(), LI Jiawei2(), CAI Xianjie3, ZHU Qifa1, YU Keke2, YAN Ding3, MAO Dongping1, CHENG Tingming1, SUN Yanguo2, WANG Chengdong2, DONG Jianxin2   

  1. 1 Anhui Wannan Tobacoo Co., Ltd., Xuancheng, Anhui 242000
    2 Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, Shandong 266101
    3 Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082
  • Received:2025-04-21 Revised:2025-09-26 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-15

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摘要： 为探明机械化作业方式对皖南烟区烤烟生产的影响，明确农机农艺融合的关键环节，构建烟区全程机械化生产体系，在安徽宣城烟区设置烤烟起垄、施肥、移栽、培土、植保、打顶抑芽等6个环节的机械化作业对比试验及1个全程机械化试验，分析不同作业方式对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状及用工成本的影响。结果表明，高起垄免培土技术可增加有效叶数，降低中部叶长度宽度，提升烟叶产量、产值及上中等烟率，降低用工成本71.43%；起垄施肥一体技术可提高株高及有效叶数，增加烟叶产值和上等烟率，降低用工成本25.23%；机械移栽技术对烟株农艺性状无显著影响，但能提升烟叶产量，降低用工成本62.96%；基追比1:1为皖南烟区最佳配比，可实现烟叶产值、上等烟比例的提高；无人机植保技术可促进烟叶叶片长度宽度增加，提升烟叶产量和产值，降低用工成本34.44%；机械打顶抑芽一体技术对烟株农艺性状影响较小，保持烟叶产量稳定，降低用工成本26.66%；全程机械化对上部叶宽产生一定负面影响，但整体上提高烟叶产量、产值、上等烟比例，降低综合用工成本37.66%。综合分析显示，农机农艺融合技术对烤烟农艺性状影响有限，但可保障烟叶产量稳定，部分技术有一定促进作用；最主要优势体现在减工降本方面，能够有效提高工作效率，大幅降低综合作业成本。

关键词: 皖南, 烤烟, 农机农艺融合, 全程机械化, 农艺性状, 经济性状, 用工成本

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the impact of mechanized operations on flue-cured tobacco production in the tobacco-growing areas of Southern Anhui, identify key factors for the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic practices in each production stage, and provide a basis for establishing a fully mechanized production system in tobacco production regions. Comparative experiments on mechanized operations were conducted in the Xuancheng tobacco area of Anhui Province for six key stages, including ridge-building, fertilization, transplanting, earthing up, plant protection, and topping and bud inhibition, as well as a fully mechanized trial. The effects of different operation methods on the agronomic traits, economic performance, and labor costs of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that the high-ridge without earthing up technique increased the number of effective leaves, reduced the length and width of middle leaves, improved tobacco yield, output value, and the ratio of middle and high-grade leaves, while reducing labor costs by 71.43%. The integrated ridge-building and fertilization technique increased plant height and the number of effective leaves, enhanced tobacco output value and the proportion of high-grade leaves, and reduced labor costs by 25.23%. Mechanical transplanting had no significant effect on the agronomic traits of tobacco plants but increased tobacco yield and reduced labor costs by 62.96%. A base-to-topdressing ratio of 1:1 was identified as optimal for southern Anhui, contributing to higher tobacco output value and an increased proportion of high-grade leaves. UAV-based plant protection technology promoted leaf length and width, improved tobacco yield and output value, and reduced labor costs by 34.44%. The integrated mechanical topping and bud inhibition technique had limited effects on agronomic traits, maintained stable tobacco yield, and reduced labor costs by 26.66%. Fully mechanized operations had a certain negative impact on the width of upper leaves but generally improved tobacco yield, output value, and the proportion of high-grade leaves, while reducing overall labor costs by 37.66%. In summary, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic practices had limited effects on the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco but ensured stable yield, with some techniques showing certain promotive effects. The most significant advantage was observed in labor reduction and cost savings, effectively improving work efficiency and substantially lowering comprehensive operational costs.

Key words: southern Anhui, flue-cured tobacco, integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic practices, entire-process mechanization, agronomic trait, economic trait, labor cost