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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 28-36.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0352

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

马铃薯钙营养特征及其对钙调控的响应

徐圣慧1(), 汤金融2, 李智龙1, 李静祎1, 于洪涛2, 张娟1, 孙磊1()   

  1. 1 东北农业大学资源与环境学院， 哈尔滨 150030
    2 黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院， 黑龙江绥化 152052
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12 修回日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 通讯作者:
    孙磊，女，1974年出生，黑龙江牡丹江人，副教授，博士，研究方向：作物养分管理及精准施肥。通信地址：150030 黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区长江路600号 东北农业大学，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐圣慧，男，1999年出生，黑龙江肇州人，硕士研究生，研究方向：马铃薯养分管理。通信地址：150030 黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区长江路600号 东北农业大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省自然科学基金“壤土和沙壤土雨养马铃薯土壤氯临界值的差异性研究初探”(LH2021C035); 国家重点研发计划子课题“根系层土壤微生物限制因子识别及空间分布”(2022YFD1500104-02)

Characteristics of Potato Calcium Nutrition and its Response to Calcium Regulation

XU Shenghui1(), TANG Jinrong2, LI Zhilong1, LI Jingyi1, YU Hongtao2, ZHANG Juan1, SUN Lei1()   

  1. 1 School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030
    2 Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suihua, Heilongjiang 152052
  • Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-10-11 Published:2026-02-15 Online:2026-02-09

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摘要：

针对马铃薯块茎钙吸收能力弱、钙含量低，且适宜钙用量与钙营养特征不明确的问题，研究探讨了马铃薯钙吸收和积累分配规律及外源钙对马铃薯钙营养特征的影响。为提高块茎钙含量与产量，本研究以早熟马铃薯‘尤金’为材料，在黑龙江绥化开展2年田间试验，设置5个钙施用水平（CaO用量为0、20、40、60和80 kg/hm2），测定不同生育期各器官钙含量、积累量、积累速率，结合相关性分析与函数拟合，明确钙营养特征及适宜施用量。结果表明，马铃薯茎叶钙含量随生育期持续上升，块茎钙含量则在膨大期达到峰值后持续下降。叶片钙积累量在淀粉积累期达峰后下降，茎和块茎则持续上升至收获期。马铃薯各器官钙积累速率随生育期均呈“慢-快-慢”变化，叶和块茎在形成期-膨大期最高，而茎延迟到膨大期-淀粉积累期。施钙使块茎钙积累速率增幅显著高于茎叶，但其钙含量、积累量、分配比例和积累速率始终远低于茎叶。与不施钙相比，施钙可提高块茎钙含量(9.4%~46.7%)、积累量(12.6%~90.2%)、积累速率(13.4%~97.4%)和分配比例(7.3%~46.5%)，但钙肥利用率仅为2.0%~22.8%。施钙可增产0.2%~14.0%，以产量为评价指标，钙适宜用量为43~58 kg/hm2。相关性分析显示，收获块茎钙含量与块茎形成期各器官的钙含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)，块茎产量与块茎膨大期叶片和块茎的钙积累速率均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上，施钙可有效改善马铃薯钙营养状况，显著提高块茎钙含量，块茎形成期-块茎膨大期是改善块茎钙营养的关键时期。

关键词: 马铃薯, 钙肥施用, 钙含量, 积累速率, 积累分配, 肥料利用率, 营养特征

Abstract:

This study investigated the patterns of calcium absorption, accumulation, and distribution in potatoes, as well as the effects of exogenous calcium on potato calcium nutrition characteristics, with the aim of effectively increasing tuber calcium content. Using potato variety ‘Youjin’ as test material, a two-year field experiment was conducted in Suihua with five calcium application levels (CaO at 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/hm2). Calcium content in various organs of potatoes at different growth stages was measured to analyze the dynamic changes in calcium accumulation and distribution characteristics. The results showed that the calcium content in potato stems and leaves continued to increase throughout the growth period, while the calcium content in tubers peaked during the tuber bulking stage and subsequently declined. The calcium accumulation in leaves reached its peak during the starch accumulation stage and then decreased, whereas it continued to increase in stems and tubers until harvest. The calcium accumulation rate in all potato organs followed a "slow-fast-slow" trend during the growth period. The accumulation rates in leaves and tubers were highest during the tuber formation to bulking stages, while in stems, it was delayed until the bulking to starch accumulation stages. Calcium application significantly increased the calcium accumulation rate in tubers more than in stems and leaves, although tuber calcium content, accumulation, distribution proportion, and accumulation rate remained significantly lower than those in stems and leaves. Compared to the non-calcium treatment, calcium application significantly increased tuber calcium content (9.4%-46.7%), accumulation (12.6%-90.2%), accumulation rate (13.4%-97.4%), and distribution proportion (7.3%-46.5%). However, the calcium fertilizer utilization efficiency was only 2.0%-22.8%. Calcium application increased yield by 0.2%-14.0%, and the optimal calcium application rate. Based on yield evaluation, the optimal calcium application rate was 43-58 kg/hm2. Correlation analysis revealed that tuber calcium content at harvest was significantly positively correlated (P<0.01) with calcium content in all organs during the tuber formation stage, while tuber yield was significantly positively correlated (P<0.05) with calcium accumulation rates in leaves and tubers during the tuber bulking stage. In conclusion, calcium application effectively improved calcium nutrition in potatoes and significantly increased tuber calcium content, and the tuber formation to bulking stage was identified as the critical period for enhancing tuber calcium nutrition.

Key words: potato, application of calcium fertilizer, calcium content, accumulation rate, accumulation and distribution, fertilizer utilization rate, nutritional characteristics