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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 67-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0498

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江省3种林分类型土壤养分特征与肥力评价

李晔男(), 刘彬昕(), 贾鹏博, 尹智勇, 隋金超, 张国栋   

  1. 黑龙江省林业科学院佳木斯分院, 黑龙江佳木斯 154000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-16 修回日期:2025-11-24 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    刘彬昕,女,1988年出生,黑龙江绥化人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事林业研究。通信地址:154000 黑龙江省佳木斯市前进区54号,Tel:0454-6019210,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李晔男,男,1980年出生,河北唐山人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事林业研究。通信地址:154000 黑龙江省佳木斯市前进区54号,Tel:0454-6019210,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省财政基础项目竞争类项目“落叶松胡桃楸混交林土壤有机碳组分及微生物特征研究”(CZKYF2024-1-B016)

Soil Nutrient Characteristics and Fertility Evaluation of Three Forest Types in Heilongjiang Province

LI Yenan(), LIU Binxin(), JIA Pengbo, YIN Zhiyong, SUI Jinchao, ZHANG Guodong   

  1. Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000
  • Received:2025-06-16 Revised:2025-11-24 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

摘要:

探究黑龙江省不同林分类型下土壤养分特征与肥力状况,阐明林分结构、树种组成对土壤肥力形成与演变的影响机制,为改善土壤理化性质、优化养分循环过程提供理论依据,并为黑龙江省林业产业可持续发展的资源利用规划提供参考。以落叶松纯林、落叶松-胡桃楸混交林及胡桃楸纯林3种不同林分类型为研究对象,对0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土层的土壤进行取样测定,量化分析土壤物理和化学性质,并运用单因素方差分析和主成分分析法进行数据分析。结果表明:(1)随着土壤深度的增加,土壤容重增大,而土壤的自然含水量、饱和含水量以及毛管含水量均呈现减少趋势,且不同林分类型下变化程度存在差异。(2)林分类型对部分土壤化学性质影响显著。其中,落叶松纯林的各项理化指标值普遍低于胡桃楸纯林和落叶松-胡桃楸混交林。(3)采用主成分分析法评价土壤肥力状况,土壤肥力排序为落叶松-胡桃楸混交林>胡桃楸纯林>落叶松纯林。建议在现有林林分经营中推广近自然育林,及时进行林下补植更新,并营造针阔混交林,构建复层异龄混交林结构,通过凋落物归还与微生物驱动的养分转化过程来提升土壤质量,以改善该区针叶林地的肥力状况。

关键词: 土壤养分特征, 不同林分, 土壤物理性质, 土壤化学性质, 土壤肥力评价

Abstract:

The aims of the study are to explore the soil nutrient characteristics and fertility status under different forest types, clarify effective measures for improving soil physical and chemical properties and optimizing nutrient cycling processes, expound the influence mechanism of forest structure and tree species composition on soil fertility formation and evolution, and provide scientific references for resource utilization planning in the sustainable development of the forestry industry in Heilongjiang Province. Three different forest types, including Larix gmelinii pure forest, Larix gmelinii- Juglans mandshurica mixed forest, and Juglans mandshurica pure forest, were selected as the research objects. Soils in the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers were sampled and measured. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were quantitatively analyzed, and single-factor analysis of variance and comprehensive soil fertility evaluation methods were used for analysis. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of soil depth, soil bulk density increased, while natural water content, saturated water content, and capillary water content showed decreasing trends, but the degree of change varied under different forest types; (2) forest types had significant effects on some soil chemical properties. The physical and chemical index values of Larix gmelinii pure forest were lower than those of Juglans mandshurica pure forest and Larix gmelinii- Juglans mandshurica mixed forest; (3) principal component analysis was used to evaluate the soil fertility of different forest types, and the results showed that the soil fertility order was: Larix gmelinii- Juglans mandshurica mixed forest> Juglans mandshurica pure forest> Larix gmelinii pure forest. It was recommended to consider near-natural forest cultivation in the management of existing forest stands, timely carry out understory replanting and renewal, create coniferous-broadleaved mixed forests, construct multi-layered and uneven-aged mixed forest structures, and improve soil quality through litter return and microorganism-driven nutrient transformation processes to enhance the fertility of coniferous forest land in this area.

Key words: soil nutrient characteristics, different forest types, soil physical properties, soil chemical properties, soil fertility evaluation