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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (19): 64-72.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0800

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆塔里木盆地东北缘绿洲不同土地利用类型土壤肥力评价

黎小勇(), 钟军辉, 魏彦强, 王鹏年, 喻龙, 艾书涛()   

  1. 中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,乌鲁木齐 830057
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18 修回日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2025-07-05 发布日期:2025-07-10
  • 通讯作者:
    艾书涛,男,1992年出生,新疆奇台人,工程师,本科,主要从事地球化学调查、土地质量调查工作。通信地址:830057 新疆乌鲁木齐市西环北路555号 中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    黎小勇,男,1988年出生,甘肃天水人,助理工程师,本科,主要从事土地质量调查工作。通信地址:830057 新疆乌鲁木齐市西环北路555号 中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    “库尔勒绿洲区土壤氟的迁移机制及环境效应”(KC20220007); 兵地融合发展重点地区生态修复综合调查项目(DD20230484); 干旱绿洲区生态地质环境监测评价关键技术研究项目(KC20230016)

Soil Fertility Evaluation of Different Land Use Types in Northeastern Margin of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang

LI Xiaoyong(), ZHONG Junhui, WEI Yanqiang, WANG Pengnian, YU Long, AI Shutao()   

  1. Urumqi Comprehensive Survey Center on Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Urumqi 830057
  • Received:2024-12-18 Revised:2025-04-08 Published:2025-07-05 Online:2025-07-10

摘要:

为探究典型干旱绿洲区不同土地利用类型土壤肥力状况,于地处塔里木盆地东北边缘的库铁垦区,以绿洲区耕地、果园、林地、草地和盐碱地等5种土地利用类型土壤为研究对象,测定土壤pH、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质等指标,采用模糊综合评价方法对研究区土壤肥力进行综合评价,以期为该区域土壤资源的管理和生态恢复提供科学参考。结果显示,研究区土壤pH在7.44~9.85之间,中位数为8.16,属于弱变异(变异系数0.037),土壤以碱性或强碱性为主;土壤全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾处于中上水平,有机质、全氮、碱解氮处于缺乏水平;各土地利用类型的土壤肥力不同,耕地为最高,果园次之,林地、草地和盐碱地较低;果园和耕地土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷含量高于林地、草地和盐碱地。研究发现,库铁垦区整体土壤肥力水平不高,其中土壤碱解氮和有机质是土壤肥力主要的限制因素。

关键词: 土地利用类型, 塔里木盆地, 模糊综合评价, 土壤肥力评价, 干旱绿洲

Abstract:

To investigate the soil fertility status under different land use types in a typical arid oasis region, this study focused on five land use types in Kutie reclamation area in the northeastern margin of the Tarim Basin, including cropland, orchard, forestland, grassland and saline-alkali land. Soil indicators such as pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK) and organic matter (OM) were measured. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was employed to assess soil fertility comprehensively, aiming to provide scientific references for soil resource management and ecological restoration in the region. The results showed that the average soil pH in the study area was pH 8.16, with a variation coefficient (CV) of 0.037, indicating weak variability and predominantly alkaline or strongly alkaline soils. The levels of TP, TK, AP and AK were moderate to high, while OM, TN and AN were deficient. Soil fertility varied significantly among land use types, with cropland having the highest fertility, followed by orchard, while forestland, grassland and saline-alkali land had relatively lower fertility. The contents of OM, TN, AN, TP and AP in orchard and cropland soils were higher than those in forestland, grassland, and saline-alkali land. Overall, the soil fertility in the study area was relatively low, with available nitrogen and organic matter identified as the primary limiting factors. These findings provide a basis for improving soil management practices and promoting ecological restoration in arid oasis regions.

Key words: land use type, Tarim Basin, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, soil fertility evaluation, arid oasis