葫芦科作物单性结实研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0338

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 55-61.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0338

葫芦科作物单性结实研究进展

于洋洋¹^,²(), 张长远¹, 张惠尧¹, 吴廷全¹, 谢琦³, 郭金菊¹()

¹ 广东省农业科学院设施农业研究所，广州 510640
² 华中农业大学园艺林学学院，武汉 430070
³ 广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所，广州 510640

收稿日期:2025-04-28 修回日期:2025-08-15 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2026-03-18
通讯作者:
郭金菊，女，1987年出生，湖北宜城人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事蔬菜遗传育种和分子生物技术方面的研究。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区五山白石岗街2号广东省农业科学院设施农业研究所，Tel：020-38816127，E-mail：252297365@163.com。
作者简介:
于洋洋，女，2001年出生，黑龙江绥化人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：蔬菜。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区五山白石岗街2号广东省农业科学院设施农业研究所，Tel：020-38816127，E-mail：y15765735678@163.com。
基金资助:
广东省农业科学院协同创新中心项目“岭南特色园艺作物高效分子育种体系的建立”(XTXM202203); 广州市科技计划项目“优质多抗苦瓜突破性新品种选育及高效栽培技术研究”(202206010170); 广东省农业农村厅种业振兴行动专项“利用野生资源创制突破性苦瓜新品种”(2024-NPY-00-023); 广东省农业农村厅乡村振兴战略专项“适宜我省区域气候的设施农业关键技术推广应用及示范”(粤农农技【2024】68号); 广东省农业科学院现代种业创新能力提升工程子项目“设施园艺作物育种平台建设及智慧育种创新应用”(2025ZYTS15)

Research Progress on Parthenocarpy in Cucurbitaceae Crops

YU Yangyang¹^,²(), ZHANG Changyuan¹, ZHANG Huiyao¹, WU Tingquan¹, XIE Qi³, GUO Jinju¹()

¹ Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
² College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
³ Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640

Received:2025-04-28 Revised:2025-08-15 Published:2026-03-18 Online:2026-03-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对葫芦科作物单性结实种质资源匮乏、性状易受环境影响、调控机制不明的问题，为推动葫芦科作物单性结实品种选育与产业发展，本文系统梳理葫芦科作物单性结实的种质资源特征激素与环境诱导效应、遗传规律、QTL定位及关键调控基因研究进展，总结当前研究瓶颈，分析显示：（1）黄瓜单性结实种质资源相对丰富，甜瓜资源稀缺，西瓜暂无明确单性结实材料报道；（2）生长素、细胞分裂素等激素及低温、短日照等环境因子可诱导单性结实，且存在多激素交互调控网络；（3）单性结实多为数量性状，已定位多个黄瓜QTL位点，鉴定出生长素合成与信号转导相关等候选基因；（4）目前仍面临种质资源不足、性状稳定性差、基因及其调控机理尚不明晰等问题。综上，单性结实的调控是种质特性、激素信号与环境因子协同作用的结果，多组学结合遗传定位是解析其机制的有效途径。提出利用精细定位结合多组学手段挖掘关键基因，建立多位点选择的分子标记辅助育种体系，以及利用基因工程技术创制新种质等策略，为系统解析单性结实调控机制、培育新品种及推动产业发展提供了理论指导。

关键词: 葫芦科作物, 单性结实, 种质资源, 植物激素, 遗传规律, 调控基因

Abstract:

To promote the breeding and industrial application of parthenocarpic varieties in cucurbit crops, this article reviews the research progress on parthenocarpic germplasm resources, hormonal and environmental induction, genetic inheritance, and key regulatory genes. It highlights existing challenges, such as the scarcity of germplasm resources, the instability of traits due to environmental sensitivity, and the unclear mechanisms of parthenocarpic genes and their regulation. Strategies proposed include integrating fine mapping with multi-omics approaches to identify key genes, establishing a molecular marker-assisted breeding system for multi-locus selection, and creating novel germplasm through genetic engineering techniques. This study provides a theoretical foundation for systematically elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of parthenocarpy, facilitating breeding new varieties, and promoting industrial development.

Key words: Cucurbitaceae crops, parthenocarpy, germplasm resources, plant hormones, genetic inheritance, regulatory genes

于洋洋, 张长远, 张惠尧, 吴廷全, 谢琦, 郭金菊. 葫芦科作物单性结实研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(5): 55-61.

YU Yangyang, ZHANG Changyuan, ZHANG Huiyao, WU Tingquan, XIE Qi, GUO Jinju. Research Progress on Parthenocarpy in Cucurbitaceae Crops[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(5): 55-61.

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葫芦科作物单性结实研究进展

Research Progress on Parthenocarpy in Cucurbitaceae Crops

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