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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 64-71.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0615

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

江汉平原新优南方型黑杨无性系评价选择

张亚东1(), 龙开莲2, 黄国伟1, 樊孝萍2, 钟灵毓3, 张新叶1()   

  1. 1 湖北省林业科学研究院， 武汉 430075
    2 湖北省林科院石首杨树研究所， 湖北石首 434400，
    3 湖北省林业勘察设计院， 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-22 修回日期:2026-02-25 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-30
  • 通讯作者:
    张新叶，女，1973年出生，山西新绛人，研究员，博士，从事林木育种与栽培研究。通信地址：430074 湖北武汉东湖高新区森林大道枫林路39号 湖北省林业科学研究院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张亚东，男，1971年出生，甘肃靖远人，正高级工程师，学士，从事森林培育研究。通信地址：430074 湖北武汉东湖高新区森林大道枫林路39号 湖北省林业科学研究院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央财政林业科技推广示范项目“南方型黑杨优良新品种高效培育示范”（鄂〔2025〕TG16(鄂〔2025〕TG16); 湖北省林业科技创新项目“湖北省林业长期育种体系构建及适应性育种技术研究”(〔2025〕LKZC01)

Evaluation and Selection of Newly Selected Superior Southern-type Black Poplar Clones for Cultivation in Jianghan Plain

ZHANG Yadong1(), LONG Kailian2, HUANG Guowei1, FAN Xiaoping2, ZHONG Lingyu3, ZHANG Xinye1()   

  1. 1 Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan 430075
    2 Shishou Poplar Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Forestry, Shishou, Hubei 434400
    3 Hubei Provincial Forestry Survey and Design Institute, Wuhan 430074
  • Received:2025-07-22 Revised:2026-02-25 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-30

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摘要：

针对江汉平原南方型黑杨品种老化、低产低效的问题，为筛选出适宜该区域种植的新优无性系，加快良种更新，以当前江汉平原主栽的最佳品种‘丹红杨’、‘南林895’为对照，以经过早期选择的12个黑杨无性系为研究对象，通过2017—2024年8年定位试验，测定不同林龄胸径、株高、材积等生长指标，结合树干通直度，采用方差分析、遗传参数估算及选择指数法开展优良无性系评价。结果表明：14个参试无性系在各林龄的胸径、株高均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)，8年生材积差异极显著，最大无性系单株材积(0.6847 m3)是最小无性系单株材积(0.1770 m3)的3.87倍。且在8年生长期间，不同无性系的胸径和株高增长速度处于变化状态，有的无性系前2年生长较快，有的无性系在3~4年间生长较快，也有的无性系在第5~8年才快速生长；江汉平原南方型黑杨的胸径、株高及材积净生长随林龄增长分别表现出不同的增长特征，胸径速生期是造林后1~4年，株高速生期是在第3~4年，材积速生期是第3~6年；胸径、株高及8年生材积重复力分别为0.85~0.92、0.89~0.92、0.88，均属高重复力性状。综合生长量指标与树干通直度，从参试的12个无性系中选出3个优于对照‘丹红杨’的优良无性系‘HB-3650’、‘08-01-52’、‘08-01-41’，选择比例25%。本研究为江汉平原杨树良种更新提供了优质材料，未来可进一步结合抗逆性、木材品质等性状开展综合性状评价，加速优良无性系推广应用。

关键词: 江汉平原, 南方型黑杨, 优良无性系, 胸径, 株高, 树干通直度, 评价选择

Abstract:

To screen suitable new superior southern-type black poplar clones for cultivation in the Jianghan Plain and accelerate the renewal of improved poplar varieties in the region, this study used the currently dominant elite cultivars ‘Danhong Yang’ and ‘Nanlin 895’ as controls. Twelve black poplar clones selected through early screening were evaluated. Through the 8-year positioning test from 2017 to 2024, the growth indexes such as diameter at breast height (DBH), plant height and volume of different forest ages were measured. Combined with the stem straightness, variance analysis, genetic parameter estimation and selection index method were used to evaluate the excellent clones. The results showed that extremely significant differences (P<0.01) existed in DBH and tree height among the 14 tested clones (including controls) at all ages. Volume at 8 years also showed highly significant differences, the individual tree volume of maximum clone at 8 years was 3.87 times that of the minimum clone. Growth rates for DBH and height varied significantly among clones over the 8-year period. Some clones exhibited faster growth in the first 2 years, others accelerated between years 3-4, and some showed rapid growth primarily from years 5-8. Net increment data for DBH, height, and volume at different ages revealed distinct growth patterns for southern-type black poplar in the Jianghan Plain. Fast-growth period occurred from 1 to 4 years post-planting for DBH, fast-growth period peaked between years 3-4 for height, fast-growth period spanned years 3-6 for volume. The repeatability of DBH, plant height and 8-year-old volume were 0.85-0.92, 0.89-0.92 and 0.88, respectively, which were all high repeatability traits. Based on growth indicators (at 8 years) and stem straightness, three clones (‘HB-3650’, ‘08-01-52’ and ‘08-01-41’) outperforming the control ‘Danhong Yang’ were selected from the 12 tested clones, representing a selection ratio of 25%. This study provides high-quality materials for the regeneration of poplar varieties in Jianghan Plain. In the future, comprehensive trait evaluation can be further carried out in combination with stress resistance, wood quality and other traits to accelerate the popularization and application of excellent clones.

Key words: Jianghan plain, southern-type black poplar, superior clone, diameter at breast height, height, stem straightness, evaluation and selection