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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 72-84.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0739

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

38份桑椹种质资源果实品质分析及综合评价

郑筱媛1,2(), 陈靖瑜1,2, 王惠聪2, 王振江1, 王丹1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所, 广州 510610
    2 华南农业大学园艺学院, 广州 510642
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-30
  • 通讯作者:
    王丹,女,1992年出生,山西大同人,助理研究员,博士研究生,博士,研究方向:桑树种质资源品质性状鉴评及遗传基础解析。通信地址:510610 广东省广州市天河区五山街道东莞庄一横路133号 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,Tel:020-87236511,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    郑筱媛,女,1998年出生,黑龙江双鸭山人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:果树生理学。通信地址:510610 广东省广州市天河区五山街道东莞庄一横路133号 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所,Tel:020-87236511,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    2024年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴行动项目“桑树食药用优异种质创新与新品种选育”(2024-NPY-00-033); 广州市科技计划项目“桑果实糖积累相关基因的挖掘及功能初步验证”(2024A04J4203); 广东省农业科学院人才引进项目“桑果酸积累调控基因挖掘及功能验证”(R2023YJ-YB3011); 广东省财政厅陈良贤省领导专项“广东省农产品加工技术研发中试公共服务平台升级建设”(粤财农〔2024〕37号)

Fruit Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of 38 Mulberry Germplasm Resources

ZHENG Xiaoyuan1,2(), CHEN Jingyu1,2, WANG Huicong2, WANG Zhenjiang1, WANG Dan1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Sericulture and Agricultural Product Processing, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610
    2 College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
  • Received:2025-09-05 Revised:2025-12-11 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-30

摘要:

针对桑椹种质资源品质评价体系不健全、优良种质筛选缺乏科学依据的问题,为筛选综合性状优良的桑椹种质,支撑品种改良与产业化高质量发展,以 38 份桑椹种质为材料,测定涵盖外观、质地、风味、营养及功能品质的18个指标,综合采用变异分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、因子分析及隶属函数分析开展系统评价。结果表明:供试桑椹种质资源果实品质性状变异丰富,变异系数介于11.95%~52.16%,维生素C、总原花青素等功能指标变异最显著,且营养与功能品质性状变异程度显著高于外观、质地和风味品质性状;相关性分析显示,各性状间存在不同程度的相关性,果实大小与可溶性总糖含量呈负相关,多酚类物质与抗氧化活性呈显著正相关(r>0.70);聚类分析将38份供试种质资源划分为7个类群,其中第Ⅰ类群(包括‘98-12’等)占比最高且出汁率最高,第Ⅱ类群(‘果选04-122’)具有高有机酸和高维生素C含量,第Ⅲ类群(‘97-139’)果实硬度高,第Ⅳ类群(包括‘揭东1’等)功能品质突出,第Ⅶ类群(‘粤诱152’)表现为大果和高糖特性;因子分析提取5个主因子(累计方差贡献率85.636%),分别表征功能品质、果实形态、硬度甜度、风味营养及加工适应性;基于隶属函数与因子分析的综合评价,筛选出‘宇诱03-351’‘44-5’‘揭东1’‘粤诱35’‘粤诱152’等5份综合性状优良的种质资源。本研究系统解析了桑椹种质资源果实品质变异规律,构建了多指标综合评价体系,所筛选出的优异种质可为桑椹育种提供亲本材料,研究结果对促进桑椹产业的高质量发展具有重要理论与实践意义,未来可结合分子标记技术深入解析品质性状遗传机制,加速优质品种培育。

关键词: 桑椹, 种质资源, 果实品质评价, 相关性分析, 聚类分析, 因子分析, 隶属函数分析, 优异种质筛选

Abstract:

This study systematically evaluated the fruit quality characteristics of mulberry germplasm resources, aiming to screen germplasm with superior comprehensive traits and provide a scientific basis for mulberry variety improvement and industrial development. A total of 38 mulberry germplasm accessions were used as research materials, and 18 fruit quality traits covering appearance, texture, flavor, nutritional quality, and functional quality were measured and analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation was then conducted by integrating variation analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and membership function analysis. The results showed abundant variation in fruit quality traits among the tested mulberry germplasm resources. The coefficient of variation ranged from 11.95% to 52.16%, and the functional indexes such as vitamin C and total proanthocyanidins had the most significant variation, and the degree of variation in nutritional and functional quality traits was significantly higher than that in appearance, texture, and flavor quality traits. Correlation analysis revealed varying degrees of correlation among the traits, with fruit size showing a negative correlation with total soluble sugar content, while polyphenol compounds exhibited a significant positive correlation with antioxidant activity. Through cluster analysis, the tested germplasm resources were divided into seven groups. Among these, Group I (including ‘98-12’, etc.) was the largest in proportion and exhibited the highest juice yield; Group II (‘Guoxuan04-122’) was characterized by high organic acid and high vitamin C content; Group III (‘97-139’) showed high fruit firmness; Group IV (including ‘Jiedong1’, etc.) demonstrated outstanding functional quality; while Group VII (‘Yueyou152’) was distinguished by its large fruit size and high sugar content. Factor analysis extracted five principal factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 85.636%, revealing the intrinsic structural characteristics of the fruit quality traits. Based on this, a comprehensive evaluation integrating the membership function method and factor analysis was conducted, leading to the identification of five germplasm resources with superior comprehensive traits: ‘Yuyou03-351’, ‘44-5’, ‘Jiedong1’, ‘Yueyou35’, and‘Yueyou152’. This study systematically elucidated the patterns of fruit quality variation in mulberry germplasm resources and established a multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation system. The selected elite germplasm can serve as parental material for mulberry breeding, and the research findings hold significant theoretical and practical importance for promoting the high-quality development of the mulberry industry.

Key words: mulberry, germplasm resources, fruit quality evaluation, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, membership function analysis, elite germplasm screening