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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0513

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

机插同步侧深施肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用及土壤氮的影响

商小兰1(), 李丹1, 方文英2, 徐著3, 王强4, 陈照明4()   

  1. 1 浙江省杭州市农业技术推广中心, 杭州 310019
    2 浙江省杭州市余杭区农业技术推广中心, 杭州 311114
    3 浙江省杭州市萧山区农业和林业技术推广中心, 杭州 311899
    4 浙江省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所, 杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23 修回日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者:
    陈照明,男,1986年出生,浙江义乌人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事作物养分高效管理与利用研究。通信地址:310021 浙江省杭州市德胜中路298号 浙江省农业科学院,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    商小兰,女,1980年出生,浙江淳安人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事农业生态与农村能源的研究与应用。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    浙江省尖兵攻关计划项目“‘非粮化’土壤快速熟化的靶向产品研制与配套应用技术”(2023C02005); 浙江省三农九方项目“水稻秸秆高效还田及绿色生态种植综合模式的研究与推广”(2025SNJF049)

Effect of Machine-Transplanting Synchronized with Side-deep Fertilization on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization and Soil Nitrogen Content

SHANG Xiaolan1(), LI Dan1, FANG Wenying2, XU Zhu3, WANG Qiang4, CHEN Zhaoming4()   

  1. 1 Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 310019
    2 Yuhang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311114
    3 Xiaoshan District Agricultural and Forestry Technology Extension Center of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311899
    4 Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021
  • Received:2025-06-23 Revised:2025-11-18 Published:2026-04-15 Online:2026-04-15

摘要:

本研究旨在解决水稻生产中氮肥利用率低、环境污染严重的问题,探索机插同步侧深施肥对水稻产量、氮素吸收、氮肥利用率及土壤氮含量的影响,为水稻氮肥减量高效利用提供理论依据。于2018—2020年在浙江省杭州市余杭区瓶窑镇设置6个处理,分别为不施氮肥(N0)、常规施肥(N1)、氮肥减量10%+侧深施(N2)、缓释氮肥减量15%(N3)、缓释氮肥减量15%+侧深施(N4)及缓释氮肥减量15%一次侧深施(N5)。通过测定水稻干物质积累量、稻谷产量、植株氮含量、氮素积累量、氮肥利用率和土壤氮含量等指标,评估不同施肥处理的效果。结果表明,在常规施肥基础上减氮15%,缓释肥机械侧深施(N4和N5)的干物质积累量和氮素积累量均与常规施肥相似,且N3处理产量显著低于其他施氮处理。缓释肥侧深施(N4和N5)与常规施肥处理(N1)有相似的植株氮含量和氮素积累量,处理间氮肥表观利用率没有显著差异。但与常规施肥相比,缓释肥侧深施在2018、2019和2020年分别提高氮肥农学效率24.1%、21.8%~35.7%和0.6%~24.8%,提高氮肥偏生产力19.1%、18.3%~21.0%和13.9%~19.0%。缓释肥侧深施在施氮量减少15%的情况下,不会降低土壤速效氮含量。综上,缓释肥侧深施能有效减少氮肥投入、维持水稻产量,并显著提高氮肥利用率,具有显著的环境和经济效益,值得在水稻生产中积极推广应用,以实现氮肥减量增效和农业可持续发展。

关键词: 机插秧, 侧深施肥, 水稻产量, 氮肥减量, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

In-depth studies on the effects of machine-transplanting synchronized with side-deep fertilization on grain yield, nitrogen (N) uptake and N use efficiency of rice, and soil N contents will provide a theoretical basis for N efficient use with reduced application rate in machine-transplanting rice. Six treatments were established in Yuhang District, Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province during 2018 to 2020, including no N fertilizer (N0), conventional fertilization (N1), conventional fertilization with 10% N reduction and side-deep fertilization (N2), slow-released fertilizer (SF) with 15% N reduction (N3), SF with 15% N reduction and side-deep fertilization (N4) and SF with 15% N reduction and one-time side-deep fertilization (N5). The characteristics of dry matter accumulation, grain yield, N concentration, N uptake, N use efficiency of rice, as well as soil available N were determined. The results showed that when reducing conventional N application rate by 15%, side-deep fertilization with SF (N4 and N5) would still have similar dry matter accumulation and N accumulation compared with N1 treatment. The results of three-year average indicated that the yield of N3 treatment was the lowest among all N application treatments, which was significantly lower than those of other N treatments. The SF with side-deep fertilization treatments (N4 and N5) had similar N concentration in rice plant and N uptake by rice compared with N1 treatment. No significant difference in N apparent use efficiency was observed among N4, N5 and N1 treatment. However, compared with N1 treatment, the SF with side-deep fertilization treatments (N4 and N5) increased the N agronomy efficiency and N partial factor productivity by 24.1% and 19.1%, respectively, in 2018; and by 21.8%-35.7% and 18.3%-21.0%, respectively, in 2019; and by 0.6%-24.8% and 13.9%-19.0%, respectively, in 2020. Despite a 15% reduction in N application rate, the SF with side-deep fertilization did not decrease the soil available N concentration compared with N1 treatment. To sum up, slow-released fertilizer with side-deep fertilization effectively reduces N input and maintains yield in machine-transplanted rice, and improves N use efficiency, making it worthy of active promotion and application.

Key words: machine-transplanting rice, side-deep fertilization, rice yield, nitrogen reduction, nitrogen use efficiency