诱抗剂对胡麻生长和产量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0886

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选适宜胡麻绿色栽培的高效诱抗剂，明确不同诱抗剂处理对胡麻叶片抗逆生理指标、农艺性状及产量的调控效应，以‘内亚14号’胡麻为材料，在田间条件下研究阿泰灵、壳寡糖、植物免疫蛋白等 7种诱抗剂的应用效果。结果表明，不同诱抗剂处理对胡麻生育期无显著影响，全生育期均为 93 d。植物免疫蛋白、阿泰灵处理可显著提升胡麻的抗逆生理水平，其叶片中可溶性糖含量分别为123.71、122.73 mg/g，脯氨酸含量分别为64.08、62.62 μg/g，SOD活性分别为129.87、123.91 U/g，均显著高于清水对照处理与其他处理；阿泰灵、植物免疫蛋白和酵将一号处理可促进胡麻生长发育，其中酵将一号处理胡麻的株高最高为63.77 cm，阿泰灵处理的胡麻的工艺长度为43.70 cm、单株有效果数最多（28.83个）。植物免疫蛋白和阿泰灵处理折合产量较高，分别达2530.13、2538.17 kg/hm²，较清水对照处理分别显著增加了6.03%、6.33%。综合评价表明，阿泰灵、植物免疫蛋白及酵将一号处理在促进胡麻生长、提升产量及增强抗逆性方面效果显著，具有良好的应用潜力，可作为胡麻绿色增产栽培的优选诱抗剂。未来可开展多浓度、多生态点及逆境胁迫试验，完善诱抗剂配套应用技术体系。

关键词: 胡麻, 诱抗剂, 农艺性状, 产量, 生理指标, 抗逆性, 绿色栽培

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different inducer treatments on the stress-resistant physiological indexes, agronomic traits, and yield of flax leaves, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and application references for the cultivation, quality improvement, and yield increase of flax. Using flax cultivar ‘Neiya 14’ as the test material, measurements and comparisons were carried out on the plant height, technical length, number of branches, yield components, and leaf physiological indicators of flax treated with different resistance inducers, including Aitaling, chitosan oligosaccharide, and plant immune proteins. The results indicated significant differences in the effects of different resistance inducers. Compared with other treatments, plant immune protein and Atailing treatments significantly enhanced flax stress resistance: the soluble sugar contents were 123.71 and 122.73 mg/g, proline contents were 64.08 and 62.62 μg/g, and SOD activities were 129.87 and 123.91 U/g, respectively, both significantly higher than the clear water control treatments. Aitaling, plant immune protein, and ‘Jiaojiang No.1’ promoted the growth and development of flax. Specifically, the treatment with ‘Jiaojiang No.1’ resulted in the highest plant height, reaching 63.77 cm; while the treatment with Aitaling achieved the longest berry length of 43.70 cm and the highest number of effective berries per plant at 28.83. The treatments with plant immune protein and Aitaling achieved the highest equivalent output, reaching 2530.13 and 2538.17 kg/hm², respectively representing significant increases of 6.03% and 6.33% compared to the clear water control treatment. The treatments with Aitaling, plant immune protein, and ‘Jiaojiang No.1’ exhibited significant effects in promoting flax growth, increasing yield, and enhancing stress resistance, thus showing considerable application potential in flax cultivation.

Key words: flax, resistance inducer, agronomic traits, yield, physiological indicators, resistance, green cultivation

中图分类号:

S565.9

卢娇娇, 史学芬, 王占贤, 王树生, 闫丽英. 诱抗剂对胡麻生长和产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(10): 144-149.

LU Jiaojiao, SHI Xuefen, WANG Zhanxian, WANG Shusheng, YAN Liying. Effects of Elicitors on Growth and Yield of Flax[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(10): 144-149.

图/表 6

参考文献 25

[1]	景娜, 高玉红, 张巧霞, 等. 氮肥运筹对旱地胡麻氮代谢及氮肥利用的调控效应[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2024, 46(1):143-154. doi: 10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2022268
[2]	崔彦芹, 郭元章, 李思达, 等. 播期对胡麻产量、品质、农艺性状的影响研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(30):41-50. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1096
[3]	陈璐瑶, 胡祝, 乔汉桢, 等. 膨化亚麻籽及其副产物的营养价值及在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 动物营养学报, 2025, 37(8):4999-5010. doi: 10.12418/CJAN2025.409
[4]	邱德文. 植物免疫诱抗剂的研究进展与应用前景[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2014, 16(1):39-45.
[5]	郑家瑞, 李云洲. 植物诱导抗性研究进展[J]. 山地农业生物学报, 2022, 41(2):51-58.
[6]	RAI K A, SAHOO P L, SAHOO M, et al. Induced resistance mechanism in plant and its importance in agriculture[J]. International journal of plant & soil science, 2024, 36(5):1-22.
[7]	叶远荣, 盛强, 董洁, 等. 植物免疫诱抗剂智能聪在加工辣椒上的应用效果[J]. 现代农业科技, 2025(16):54-57.
[8]	苗立祥, 杨肖芳, 张豫超, 等. 植物免疫诱导剂在草莓中的应用情况[J]. 蔬菜, 2021(1):24-28.
[9]	应武, 骆乐谈, 阮松林, 等. 不同生物刺激剂对鲜食玉米产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(17):89-94. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400063
[10]	LI P, LI Y, ZHANG F, et al. The induced resistance of chitosan and its derivative against wheat powdery mildew[J]. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 2020, 168:104629.
[11]	李嘉伦, 李洋洋, 姜凯岩. 氨基寡糖素用于大豆田杀菌剂、叶面肥减量[J]. 现代化农业, 2023(11):5-8.
[12]	蒋慧欣, 郭婷婷, 凌磊. 盐碱胁迫对不同品种燕麦幼苗生理指标的影响[J]. 现代农业科技, 2025(5):1-7.
[13]	万宣伍, 田卉, 张伟, 等. 植物诱导抗性的机理及应用[J]. 植物医学, 2022, 1(1):18-25.
[14]	WANG Q, SUN H, LI J. Synergistic effects of plant immune inducers and microbial agents on crop performance under field conditions[J]. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2023, 347:108372. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2023.108372 URL
[15]	ZHANG R, LIU X, LI B. Physiological and molecular responses of flax to abiotic stress and the potential of elicitors in alleviation[J]. Plants, 2022, 11(5):668. doi: 10.3390/plants11050668 URL
[16]	陈静, 刘洋, 赵磊. 阿泰灵对小麦生长及抗逆性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(5):752-760.
[17]	LIU Y, ZHAO K, YANG L. A comprehensive evaluation of bio-elicitors on growth and yield of oilseed flax[J]. Crop journal, 2023, 11(2):345-356. doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2022.07.018 URL
[18]	刘佩瑶, 冉莉萍, 杨佳庆, 等. 小麦穗形态建成和生理特征及外界影响因素的研究进展[J]. 作物杂志, 2025(1):1-9.
[19]	YANG X, CHEN T, WEI Z. Effects of oligosaccharide elicitors on agronomic traits and yield of flax[J]. Industrial crops and products, 2022, 176:114327. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114327 URL
[20]	付思蕊, 王胤, 陈雅奇, 等. 不同植物免疫诱抗剂对番茄的诱抗促生作用研究[J]. 蔬菜, 2023(2):43-48.
[21]	胡伟民, 肖文斐, 忻雅, 等. 免疫诱抗剂保康灵1号对鲜食糯玉米产量和抗病性的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2016, 57(4):604-606.
[22]	张雄鹏, 林梅根, 张英财, 等. 灰葡萄孢菌植物免疫诱抗蛋白水溶肥的制备及其在小麦和玉米上的应用效果[J]. 河北农业科学, 2024, 28(6):54-58.
[23]	王佐乾, 李新怡, 常向前, 等. 免疫诱抗剂诱导抗性表达分析及其对稻曲病的防治效果[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2025, 53(18):123-129.
[24]	陈敏, 栾炳辉, 王洪涛, 等. 植物免疫诱抗剂对玉米耐盐性及产量的影响[J]. 作物研究, 2024, 38(1):16-19.
[25]	刘悦, 王立达, 兰英, 等. 植物免疫调节剂对玉米大斑病病害控制及田间产量的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2025(9):27-31.

处理	6月4日喷施		6月10日喷施
处理	用量	稀释倍数/倍	用量	稀释倍数/倍
阿泰灵	250.5 g/hm²	1000	250.5 g/hm²	1000
壳寡糖	250.5 g/hm²	1000	250.5 g/hm²	1000
植物免疫蛋白	250.5 g/hm²	1000	250.5 g/hm²	1000
植物激活肽	250.5 g/hm²	1000	250.5 g/hm²	1000
稀土微量元素水溶肥	412.5 mL/hm²	600	412.5 mL/hm²	600
酵将一号	663.0 mL/hm²	375	663.0 mL/hm²	375
管益生	412.5 mL/hm²	600	412.5 mL/hm²	600

处理	6月4日喷施		6月10日喷施
处理	用量	稀释倍数/倍	用量	稀释倍数/倍
阿泰灵	250.5 g/hm²	1000	250.5 g/hm²	1000
壳寡糖	250.5 g/hm²	1000	250.5 g/hm²	1000
植物免疫蛋白	250.5 g/hm²	1000	250.5 g/hm²	1000
植物激活肽	250.5 g/hm²	1000	250.5 g/hm²	1000
稀土微量元素水溶肥	412.5 mL/hm²	600	412.5 mL/hm²	600
酵将一号	663.0 mL/hm²	375	663.0 mL/hm²	375
管益生	412.5 mL/hm²	600	412.5 mL/hm²	600

处理	播种期(日/月)	出苗期(日/月)	现蕾期(日/月)	盛花期(日/月)	成熟期(日/月)	生育期/d
阿泰灵	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
壳寡糖	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
植物免疫蛋白	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
植物激活肽	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
稀土微量元素水溶肥	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
酵将一号	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
管益生	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
CK	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93

处理	播种期(日/月)	出苗期(日/月)	现蕾期(日/月)	盛花期(日/月)	成熟期(日/月)	生育期/d
阿泰灵	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
壳寡糖	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
植物免疫蛋白	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
植物激活肽	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
稀土微量元素水溶肥	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
酵将一号	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
管益生	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93
CK	16/4	27/4	4/6	18/6	28/7	93

处理	株高/cm	工艺长度/cm	分茎数/(个/株)	分枝数/个	单株有效果数/个	每果粒数/个	千粒重/g
阿泰灵	63.57±1.13a	43.70±1.24a	2.20±0.12ab	5.73±0.13a	28.83±1.49a	6.80±0.21ab	6.47±0.15ab
壳寡糖	55.10±2.11b	36.60±1.21b	1.47±0.19b	4.83±0.12b	22.80±1.25ab	6.24±0.13ab	6.01±0.07b
植物免疫蛋白	62.80±1.21ab	42.87±1.20ab	2.27±0.12a	5.33±0.12ab	27.57±1.37ab	6.86±0.14a	6.56±0.11a
植物激活肽	58.40±1.40ab	39.37±1.11ab	1.73±0.15ab	4.93±0.24ab	25.13±1.12ab	6.02±0.14ab	6.10±0.05ab
稀土微量元素水溶肥	56.47±2.23ab	39.97±1.59ab	1.83±0.12ab	5.03±0.18ab	22.77±1.34ab	6.46±0.14ab	6.25±0.14ab
酵将一号	63.77±1.44a	41.73±1.41ab	2.23±0.15a	5.80±0.15a	27.90±1.12ab	6.87±0.16a	6.25±0.13ab
管益生	55.40±2.12b	37.80±2.12ab	1.57±0.24ab	5.10±0.25ab	23.17±1.06ab	6.00±0.21b	6.21±0.09ab
CK	60.17±0.90ab	40.53±1.39ab	1.57±0.13ab	5.17±0.19ab	22.43±1.57b	6.82±0.24ab	6.28±0.09ab