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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 154-162.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0120

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海高寒地区不同燕麦品种生产性能和营养品质综合评价

杨伟1,2,3(), 张晨旭1,2,3, 刘敏洁1,2,3, 马国盛4, 刘文辉5(), 鲍根生5, 孔繁梅1,2,3   

  1. 1 青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院， 西宁 810007
    2 青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室， 西宁 810007
    3 青海省生物技术与分析测试重点实验室， 西宁 810007
    4 海东市税务局， 青海海东 810600
    5 青海省畜牧兽医科学院/青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室， 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-23 修回日期:2026-06-03 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-15
  • 通讯作者:
    刘文辉，男，1979年出生，青海西宁人，研究员，博士，主要从事牧草种质资源与育种研究。通信地址：810016 青海省西宁市城北区纬二路1号 青海省畜牧兽医科学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    杨伟，男，1992年出生，甘肃兰州人，副教授，博士，主要从事牧草种质资源与育种研究。通信地址：810007 青海省西宁市城东区八一中路3号 青海民族大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    青海省重点研发与转化计划“泽库县高品质饲草种植与加工关键技术集成与示范推广”(2024-NK-135)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Production Performance and Nutritional Quality of Different Oat Varieties in Alpine Region of Qinghai Province

YANG Wei1,2,3(), ZHANG Chenxu1,2,3, LIU Minjie1,2,3, MA Guosheng4, LIU Wenhui5(), BAO Gensheng5, KONG Fanmei1,2,3   

  1. 1 The College of Ecological Environment and Resources, Qinghai Minzu University, Xining 810007
    2 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Characteristic Economic Plants, Xining 810007
    3 Qinghai Provincial Biotechnology and Analytical Testing Key Laboratory, Xining 810007
    4 Haidong Taxation Bureau, Haidong, Qinghai 810600
    5 Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences/Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016
  • Received:2026-01-23 Revised:2026-06-03 Published:2026-10-15 Online:2026-10-15

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摘要： 本研究筛选适宜青海高寒地区的最佳燕麦品种，以期解决该地区饲草品种单一、草畜供需矛盾的问题。以20份燕麦品种为材料，采用随机区组试验设计，于2024年5—11月在黄南州泽库县宁秀镇开展引种试验。通过比较各燕麦品种的产量和营养指标差异，结合K均值聚类分析和TOPSIS多准则决策模型，确定适合当地推广种植的最佳燕麦品种。结果表明，不同燕麦品种生产性能与营养品质存在显著差异。生产性能方面，‘青燕1号’株高最高(149.50 cm)，‘青燕3号’旗叶面积最大(49.93 cm2)，‘白燕7号’与‘青燕3号’分蘖数最多（均为2.67个/株），‘白燕7号’干草产量最高(26.42 t/hm2)，‘青引4号’茎叶比最低(1.59)。营养品质方面，粗蛋白含量最高的品种是青海甜燕麦(7.80%)；相对饲用价值最高的品种是‘白燕7号’(87.84)，同时其纤维含量最低（酸性洗涤纤维含量为36.06%，中性洗涤纤维含量为55.96%）。皮尔森相关性分析表明，株高、旗叶长、旗叶宽、旗叶面积与干草产量均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，旗叶长、旗叶面积和茎叶比对粗蛋白含量有极显著影响(P<0.01)，株高与旗叶宽对相对饲用价值有显著影响(P<0.05)。基于TOPSIS多准则决策模型对20个品种进行了综合评价，结果表明，‘白燕7号’与‘青燕3号’在青海高寒地区具备高产优质的生产潜力，是该地区理想的燕麦种植品种。

关键词: 燕麦, 高寒地区, 生产性能, 营养品质, 综合评价

Abstract:

This study aims to screen optimal oat varieties adaptable to the alpine regions of Qinghai, so as to tackle long-standing problems including single forage cultivar structure and persistent imbalance between forage supply and livestock demand in the region. Using 20 oat varieties as test materials, a randomized block trial design was adopted. The introduction experiment was conducted from May to November 2024 in Ningxiu Town, Zeku County, Huangnan Prefecture. By comparing the differences in yield and nutritional indicators among various oat varieties, and combining K-means cluster analysis with the TOPSIS-multicriteria decision-making model, the optimal oat varieties suitable for local extension and cultivation were screened out. The results indicated significant differences in production performance and nutritional quality among the different oat varieties. A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.1’ had the tallest plant height (149.50 cm), A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.3’ had the largest flag leaf area (49.93 cm2), both A. sativa ‘Baiyan No.7’ and A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.3’ had the highest number of tillers (2.67 per plant), and A. sativa ‘Baiyan No.7’ achieved the highest dry hay yield (26.42 t/hm2). A. sativa ‘Qingyin No.4’ had the lowest stem-to-leaf ratio (1.59). In terms of nutritional quality, A. sativa ‘Qinghai’ had the highest crude protein content at 7.80%; A. sativa ‘Baiyan No.7’ showed the highest relative feed value at 87.84, and simultaneously the lowest fiber contents, with 36.06% acid detergent fiber and 55.96% neutral detergent fiber. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations (P<0.05) between plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area, and dry hay yield. Flag leaf length, flag leaf area, and stem-to-leaf ratio had extremely significant effects on crude protein content (P<0.01). Plant height and flag leaf width significantly influenced the relative feed value (P<0.05). The TOPSIS model evaluation demonstrated that A. sativa ‘Baiyan No.7’ and A. sativa ‘Qingyan No.3’ possess high-yield and high-quality potential in the alpine region, making them ideal oat varieties for cultivation in this area.

Key words: oat, alpine regions, production performance, nutritional quality, comprehensive evaluation

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