炭疽菌附着胞的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摘要：炭疽菌属Colletotrichum Corda 是一类重要的植物病原菌，寄主范围广，对农林生产危害很大。炭疽菌能产生特殊的侵染结构附着胞穿透寄主组织，附着胞的形成对炭疽菌确立侵染非常关键。综述了炭疽菌分生孢子在寄主表面的附着、附着胞的形成、附着胞对环境影响因素的应答和附着胞的穿透。影响炭疽菌附着胞形态发育的因素很多，其中硬质疏水表面在短时间内通常是有利于附着胞的形成。并简要概述了炭疽菌附着胞的基因克隆研究情况。

关键词: 甘草, 甘草, ISSR-PCR, 体系优化

Abstract: The important plant pathogen with a wide range of hosts—— Colletotrichum Corda may cause severe agriculture economic losses. The pathogen can develop a unique infection structure called appressorium, which may penetrate into the host tissues. The formation of appressorium is critical to the establishment of infection. This paper discusses recent developments about appressorium of Colletotrichum. Topics include surface attachment of the conidia; appressorium formation; responsion to the environmental cues; appressorium penetration. The morphological development of appressorium is influenced by many factors. Generally, the rigid and hydrophobic surface is favored for appressorium formation. Genes involved in appressorium formation of Colletotrichum is summarized as well.

中图分类号:

S432.4

王葵娣,王文华,郑服丛,. 炭疽菌附着胞的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2007, 23(1): 265-265.

Wang Kuidi, Wang Wenhua, Zheng Fucong,. Advance Research on Appressorium of Colletotrichum[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2007, 23(1): 265-265.

参考文献

[1] 刘晓云,景耀,杨俊秀.植物炭疽菌研究文献综述.西北林学院学报.1995,10(4):105-111.
[2] Emmett R W, Parberry D G, Appressoria. Annual Review of Phytopathology.1975, 13:147-167.
[3] Ramadoss C S, Uhlig J, Carlson D M, et al. Composition of the Mucilaginous Spore Matrix of Colletotrichum graminicola, a Pathogen of Corn, Sorghum, and Other Grasses. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1985,33:728-732.
[4] Montazeri M, Greaves M P, Magan N. Microscopic and Cytochemical Analysis of Extracellular Matrices and Endogenous Reserves of Conidia of Colletotrichum truncatum Harvested from Carbon- and Nitrogen-limited Cultures. Biocontrol Science and Technology,2003,13(7): 643-653.
[5] Mondal A H, Parbery D G. The protective role of the spore matrix of Colletotrichum musae during rehydration and exposure to extreme temperatures and UV radiation. Australasian Plant Pathology.2005,34(2) 229-235.
[6] Pascholati S F, Deising H, Leite B, et al. Cutinase and non-specific esterase activities in the conidial mucilage of Colletotrichum graminicola. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 1993,142:37-51.
[7] Wattad C, Dinoor A, Prusky D. Purification of pectate lyase produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its inhibition by epicatechin: a possible factor involved in the resistance of unripe avocado fruits to anthracnose. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 1994, 7(2):293-297.
[8] Chaky J, Anderson K, Moss M, et al. Surface Hydrophobicity and Surface Rigidity Induce Spore Germination in Colletotrichum graminicola. Phytopathology. 2001,91(6):558-564.
[9] Apoga D, Barnard J, Craighead H G, et al. Quantification of substratum contact required for initiation of Colletotrichum graminicola appressoria. Fungal genetics and biology, 2004,41(1):1-12.
[10] Ishida N, Akai S. Electron microscopic observation of cell wall structure during appressorium formation in Colletotrichum lagenarium. Mycopathologia. 1968,35(1):68-74.
[11] O’Connell R J, Pain N A, Hutchison K A, et al. Ultrastructure and composition of the cell surfaces of infection structures formed by the fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Journal of Microscopy. 1996, 181(2):204-212.
[12] 张敬泽,徐同,何黎平.浙江无核柿炭疽病菌鉴定及附着胞形成过程中的核相变化.菌物学报.2005,24(3):446-456.
[13] Leandro L F S, Gleason M L, Nutter F W, et al. Germination and Sporulation of Colletotrichum acutatum on Symptomless Straoberry Leaves. Phytopathology. 2001,91(7):659-664.
[14] Mendgen K, Hahn M. Morphogenesis and Mechanisms of Penetration by Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 1996,34:367-386.
[15] Staples R C, Laccetti L, Yaniv Z. Appressorium formation and nuclear division in Colletotrichum truncatum. Archives of Microbiology. 1976, 109(1-2): 75-84.
[16] Dean R A. Signal Pathways and Appressoorium Morphogenesis. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 1997,35:213-234.
[17] Hoch H C, Staples R C, Whitehead B, et al. Signaling for growth orientation and cell differentiation by surface topology in Uromyces . Science.1987, 235: 1659-1680.
[18] Polia G K., Rogers L M., Kolattukudy P E. Chemical Signals from Avocado Surface Wax Trigger Germination and Appressorium Formation in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Plant Physiology. 1993,103(1):267-272.
[19] Flaishman M A, Kolattukudy P E. Timing of fungal invasion using host’s ripening hormone as a signal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1994,91(14):6579-6583.
[20] 刘秀娟,杨业铜.营养物质对两种炭疽菌潜伏侵染的影响.真菌学报,1995,14(1):50-56.
[21] Talbot N J. Forcible entry. Science. 1999, 285:1860-1861.
[22] De Jong J C, McCormack B J, Smirnoff N, et al. Glycerol generates turgor in rice blast. Nature, 1997,389: 244-245.
[23] Howard R J, Ferrari M A, Roach D H, et al. Penetration of hard substrates by a fungus employing enormous turgor pressures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1991,88: 11281-11284.
[24] Kimura A, Takano Y, Furusawa I, et al. Peroxisomal Metabolic Function Is Required for Appressorium-Mediated Plant Infection by Colletotrichum lagenarium. The Plant Cell, 2001, 13:1945-1957.
[25] Bechinger C, Giebel K F, Schnell M,et al. Optical measurements of invasive forces exerted by appressoria of a plant pathogenic fungus. Science,1999,285(5435):1896-1899
[26] 赵军锋,丁明武. 黑色素生物合成抑制剂分子生物合理设计研究进展. 世界农药,2004,26(5):14-17.
[27] Kubo Y, Suzuki K, Furusawa I, et al. Relation of Appressorium Pigmentation and Penetration of Nitrocellulose Membranes by Colletotrichum lagenarium . Phytopathology,1982, 72(5): 498-501.
[28] Liu, Z M, Kolattukudy P E. Identification of a gene product induced by hard-surface contact of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia as a ubiquitin-conjugation enzyme by yeast complementation. Journal of Bacteriol,1998, 180(14):3592-3597.
[29] Kim Y K, Liu Z M, Li D X, et al. Two novel genes induced by hard-surface contact of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia. Journal of Bacteriology, 2000,182(17):4688-4695.
[30] Kim Y K, Wang Y H, Liu Z M, et al. Identification of a hard surface contact-induced gene in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia as a sterol glycosyl transferase, a novel fungal virulence factor. The Plant Journal,2002, 30(2): 177-187.
[31] Inagaki A,Takano Y,Kubo Y,et al. Construction of an equalized cDNA library from Colletotrichum lagenarium and its application to the isolation of differentially expressed genes. Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2000,46(2): 150-158.
[31] Hwang C S, Kolattukudy P E. Isolation and characterization of genes expressed uniquely during appressorium formation by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia induced by the host surface wax. Molecular and General Genetics. 1995,247(3):282-294.
[33] Hwang C S, Flaishman M A, Kolattukudy P E. Cloning of a gene expressed during appressorium formation by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and marked desrease in virulence by disruption of this gene.The Plant Cell,1995,7(2):183-193.
[34] Kubo Y, Takano Y, Endo N, et al. Cloning and structural analysis of the melanin biosynthesis gene SCD1 encoding scytalone dehydratase in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1996,62(12):4340-4344.
[35] Takano Y, Kubo Y, Shimizu K, et al. Structural of PKS1, a polyketide synthase gene involved in melanin biosynthesis of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Molecular and General Genetics,1995,249(2):162-167.
[36] Perpetua N S, Kubo Y, Yasuda N, et al.Cloning and characterization of a melanin biosynthetic THR1 reductase gene essential for appressorial penetration of Colletotrichum lagenarium. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,1996,9(5):323-329.
[37] Kubo Y. Studies on mechanisms of appressorial penetration by Colletotrichum lagenarium. Journal of General Plant Pathology. 2005, 71:451-453.
[38] Tsuji G, Fujikawa J, Ishida H, et al. Laccase Gene LAC1 of Colletotrichum lagenarium Is Not Essential for Melanin Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity. Journal of General Plant Pathology,2001,67(3):182-190.
[39] Yang Z, Dickman M B. Colletotrichum trifolii mutants disrupted in the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein knase are nonpathogenic. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,1999,12(5),430-439.
[40] Yang Z H, Dickman M B. Molecular cloning and characterization of Ct-PKAR, a gene encoding the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in Colletotrichum trifoli. Archives of Miicrobiology,1999,171(4):249-256.
[41] Yamauchi J, Takayanagi N, Komeda K, et al. cAMP-PKA Signaling Regulates Multiple Steps of Fungal Infection Cooperatively with Cmk1 MAP Kinase in Colletotrichum lagenarium. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 2004,17(12):1355-1365.
[42] Takano Y, Kikuchi T, Kubo Y, et al. The Colletotrichum lagenarium MAP Kinase Gene CMK1 Regulates Diverse Aspects of Fungal Pathogenesis. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,2000,13(4): 374-383.
[43] Kojima K, Kikuchi T, Takano Y, et al. The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Gene MAF1 Is Essential for the Early Differentiation Phase of Appressorium Formation in Colletotrichum lagenarium. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 2002,15(12): 1268-1276.
[44] Buhr T L, Oved S , Truesdell G M, et al. A kinase-encoding gene from Colletotrichum trifolii complements a colonial growth mutant of Neurospora crassa. Molecular Genetics and Genomics,1996,251(5):565-572.
[45] Kim Y K, Li D, Kolattukudy P E. Induction of Ca2+-calmodulin signaling by hard-surface contact primes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia to germinate and form appressoria. Journal of Bacteriology,1998,180(19):5144-5150.
[46] Mercure E W, Kunoh H, Nicholson R L. Adhesion of Colletotrichum graminicola conidia to corn leaves: A requirement for disease development. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1994,45(6):407-420.