3种植物提取物对稻瘟病菌的抑菌活性及其抑菌机理研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0823

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过探讨黄连、甘草和肉桂提取物对稻瘟病菌的抑制效果及作用机理,为开发新型稻瘟病菌抑制剂奠定基础。以菌丝生长速率法测定抑菌活性,室内常规分析方法观测菌丝细胞膜通透性、物质合成与代谢和超显微形态。结果表明,3种提取物对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长均具有较强的抑制活性,黄连、甘草、肉桂的半抑菌浓度依次为4.17 mg/mL、4.48 mg/mL和5.22 mg/mL;经3种提取物作用后,稻瘟病菌菌丝的丙二醛含量和外渗电导率升高、丙酮酸和可溶性蛋白含量降低,菌丝出现畸形等生长异常现象。由此可见,3种提取物抑制稻瘟病菌效果突出,可破坏菌丝细胞膜和超显微形态,干扰物质合成与代谢,有望开发为稻瘟病菌抑制剂。

关键词: 水稻病害, 稻瘟病菌, 抑菌活性, 抑菌机理, 植物提取物, 黄连, 甘草, 肉桂

Abstract:

The aims are to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Coptis chinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Cinnamomum cassia extracts on Pyricularia grisea, and lay a theoretical foundation for developing new inhibitors of Pyricularia grisea. The antifungal activity was determined by the hypha growth rate method. The cell membrane permeability of hyphae, material synthesis and metabolism, and ultra microstructure of hyphal cells were observed by the conventional indoor analysis method. The results showed that the three extracts had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth of Pyricularia grisea. The half fungal inhibitor concentration of Coptis chinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Cinnamomum cassia were 4.17 mg/mL, 4.48 mg/mL and 5.22 mg/mL, respectively. After treated with the three extracts, malondialdehyde content and conductivity leakage of Pyricularia grisea hypha increased, and the contents of pyruvate and soluble protein decreased, and the hyphae showed morphological changes and other abnormal growth. It can be seen that the three extracts have outstanding inhibitory effect on Pyricularia grisea, and they can destroy the cell membrane and ultramicroscopic morphology and interfere with the synthesis and metabolism of substances, which are expected to be developed as inhibitors of Pyricularia grisea.

Key words: rice disease: Pyricularia grisea, antifungal activity, antifungal mechanism, plant extract, Coptis chinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cinnamomum cassia

中图分类号:

S859.84

梁琪, 付歆崴, 李云鹏, 杨胜甫. 3种植物提取物对稻瘟病菌的抑菌活性及其抑菌机理研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(15): 120-127.

Liang Qi, Fu Xinwei, Li Yunpeng, Yang Shengfu. Three Kinds of Plant Extracts Against Pyricularia grisea: Antifungal Activity and Antifungal Mechanism[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(15): 120-127.

图/表 8

提取物	质量浓度
提取物	3 mg/mL	4 mg/mL	5 mg/mL	10 mg/mL	20 mg/mL
黄连	(39.34±0.01)a	(45.57±0.17)a	(52.23±0.17)a	(93.71±0.28)a	(100±0.00)a
甘草	(34.1±0.48)b	(41.52±0.09)b	(50.32±0.12)b	(68.67±0.0)c	(100±0.00)a
肉桂	(14.16±0.29)c	(24.16±0.23)c	(30.27±0.20)c	(77.3±0.09)b	(100±0.00)a

表1. 3种提取物的5个质量浓度对稻瘟病菌丝生长抑制率 %

病原菌	提取物	毒力回归方程	相关系数(r)	EC₅₀（95%置信限）/(mg/mL)
稻瘟病菌	黄连	y=6.3525x+1.0585	0.9523	4.17(3.10~5.62)
	甘草	y=7.0760x-0.0813	0.8895	4.48(2.83~7.08)
	肉桂	y=6.0358x +1.0710	0.9409	5.22(3.89~7.01)

表2. 3种提取物对稻瘟病菌丝生长的毒力

图1. 3种提取物对稻瘟病菌丝体内丙二醛含量的影响数据为3次重复平均值,相同字母表示在5%水平上差异不显著

图2. 3种提取物对稻瘟病菌丝细胞膜通透性的影响

图3. 3种提取物对稻瘟病菌丝体内丙酮酸含量的影响数据为3次重复平均值,相同字母表示在5%水平上差异不显著

图4. 3种提取物对稻瘟病菌丝体内可溶性蛋白含量的影响数据为3次重复平均值,相同字母表示在5%水平上差异不显著

图5. 3种提取物对稻瘟病菌丝形态的影响（扫描电镜2.00kx） a：对照处理的稻瘟病菌菌丝形态;b：浓度为4.17 mg/mL黄连提取物处理的稻瘟病菌菌丝形态;c：浓度为4.48 mg/mL甘草提取物处理的稻瘟病菌菌丝形态;d：浓度为5.22 mg/mL肉桂提取物处理的稻瘟病菌菌丝形态

图6. 3种提取物对稻瘟病菌丝形态的影响（扫描电镜10.00 kx） a：对照处理的稻瘟病菌菌丝形态;b：浓度为4.17 mg/mL黄连提取物处理的稻瘟病菌菌丝形态;c：浓度为4.48 mg/mL甘草提取物处理的稻瘟病菌菌丝形态;d：浓度为5.22 mg/mL肉桂提取物处理的稻瘟病菌菌丝形态

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