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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2009, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (17): 203-205.

所属专题： 油料作物； 园艺

• 植物保护 农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

利用油菜花瓣实验检测油菜菌核病

侯树敏1,Malgorzata Jedryczka2,李强生1,   

  • 收稿日期:2009-03-12 修回日期:2009-05-21 出版日期:2009-09-05 发布日期:2009-09-05

The use of petal tests for sclerotinia stem rot

Hou Shumin1, Malgorzata Jedryczka2,   

  • Received:2009-03-12 Revised:2009-05-21 Online:2009-09-05 Published:2009-09-05

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摘要：

摘要：油菜菌核病是由Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary引起的，是世界范围内造成损失最严重的病害之一。该病害主要通过感染了核盘菌子囊孢子的花瓣落在植株茎、叶上来侵染植株。本实验采用添加了两种不同PH指示剂的改良型Steadman’s培养基检测被子囊孢子感染的花瓣，样品采自合肥的两块不同试验田，在油菜花期（3月下旬～4月中旬）每天采摘新鲜花瓣在室温下培养，结果表明整个花期，除1块田1天没有检测出外，其余每天都有被子囊孢子感染的花瓣出现（感染子囊孢子的花瓣接种后培养基变色）。油菜初花期被子囊孢子感染的花瓣较少，而盛花期和终花期被感染的花瓣较多，第一块田被感染的花瓣数在两种培养基上出现的百分率分别为32.0％和40.2％，第二块田分别为27.3％和35.7％。第一块田油菜菌核病的发病率和病指分别为2.7％和1.8，第二块田分别为1.5％和0.4。子囊孢子感染的花瓣数与后期油菜菌核病的发病率呈显著正相关（r=0.829,r0.05=0.811）。研究被感染的花瓣数可以帮助决定最适宜的病害防治时期。

关键词: 洋葱, 洋葱, ISSR, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

Abstract Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases of oilseed rape worldwide. The pathogen is dispersed by airborne ascospores, which usually infect plants via petals deposited on leaves or stems. A modified Steadman’s media with two different pH indicators were used to check the infection of petals by S. sclerotiorum. Petals of oilseed rape were sampled in March and April 2006 from two fields in Hefei, Anhui Province, China. Petals were collected every day during a flowering period and cultured on both media under room temperature. The percentage of infected petals was calculated from all samples. The results showed that petals were infected during the whole flowering period, except one day on one field only. Petals were less infected at the beginning of a flowering period. From full blossom stage to the end of a flowering period the infection of petals was high. The results obtained using different media varied by ca. 10% for the benefit of one pH indicator. The percent of petal infection in the first field accounted for 32.00 and 40.19% and in the second field it was 27.34 and 35.69% respectively. Disease incidence and index in the first field accounted for 2.74% and 1.78. In the second field the respective values were 1.47% and 0.37. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of infected petals and subsequent disease development (r=0.829,r0.05=0.811). The experiment had demonstrated that studies of petal infection may help in making decisions on the timing of fungicide applications.