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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2009, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (19): 123-128.

所属专题： 玉米

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

一次性施肥对春玉米产量和环境效应的影响

杨俊刚1,3,高 强2,曹 兵1,陈新平3   

  • 收稿日期:2009-04-14 修回日期:2009-07-07 出版日期:2009-10-05 发布日期:2009-10-05

Effects of Single Fertilizers Application on Yields and Environment of Spring Maize Production

  • Received:2009-04-14 Revised:2009-07-07 Online:2009-10-05 Published:2009-10-05

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摘要：

采用田间试验，比较了农民习惯施肥、一炮轰和缓释一次施肥3种施肥措施对玉米产量和土壤残留NO3-N以及氮素表观损失的影响，结果表明：不同施肥处理的产量没有显著差异，添加包膜尿素氮肥利用率提高；与播前相比，玉米收获后对照、农民习惯、一炮轰、缓释一次施肥0-90cm土壤剖面NO3-N残留量在低肥力土壤（新立城试验点）的增加量分别为-17.5，104.5，55.7，29.3 kg N/hm2，而在高肥力土壤（布海试验点）都表现为负增长，分别为-44.3，-12.8，-57.2，-51.7 kg N/hm2。农民习惯、一炮轰、缓释一次施肥处理全生育期的氮素表观损失在低肥力点分别为-83，-12，22 kg N/hm2，在高肥力点为172，119，157 kg N/hm2。增加氮肥用量氮素表观损失增加，添加部分缓释氮肥的一次性施肥可以减少收获后土壤剖面NO3-N增量。

关键词: 莴笋, 莴笋, 缓释肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Field experiments were conducted in higher and lower fertility soil to evaluate effects on maize grain yield, soil residual NO3-N and N apparent losses of three nitrogen management strategies, conventional N splits by farmer, one shot dose fertilization by farmer and single basal application with polymer-coated urea (PCU) as partial N source. The results of two experiment sites showed that there was no significant difference on yields of different N management. Increase of 0-90cm soil residual NO3-N in Xinlicheng site of control, conventional fertilization, one shot does and single application with PCU treatments were -17.5，104.5，55.7，29.3kg N/hm2, and -44.3，-12.8，-57.2，-51.7 kg N/hm2 for higher fertility soil (Buhai site), respectively. The apparent N losses of whole stage were -83，-12，22 kg N/hm2 for lower fertility soil, and 172，119，157 kg N/hm2 for higher soil fertility soil. It indicated that less residual NO3-N increase with treatment of single application with PCU compared with other two strategies, and more apparent N losses resulted from rising of N rate.