Abstract: Four cucumber inbred lines made up combinations by diallel crossing. There were six characters: early stage yield，average fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit stalk length and fruit skin color. Experiment data was accorded to the Hayman method to analyse. The results showed that except early stage yield ,other characters fit to the ‘additive-dominant' model, the additive effect was major, early stage yield was also influenced by epistasis effect, but was mainly controlled by dominant effect. It has super dominance. Except early yield and fruit diameter，the other characters had high broad heritability and narrow heritability, so the environment had little influence on them, which can be selected in early generation; Fruit diameter and early yield which had the lowest narrow heritability was mainly controlled by the non-additive effects.