Abstract: Leading enterprise was the key body of agricultural industrialization. Evaluating efficiency of agricultural production was good for people to analyze the gap among enterprises and different industries, to tap the full potential. Based on the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method, the author analyzed the production efficiency of 40 leading enterprises in our country empirically, which used planting agricultural products as raw material for further processing. Research showed that: all national leading enterprises displayed high productivity and presented good development tendency; but from the planting industry subclasses, the comprehensive efficiency of enterprises showed significant differences, economic crops and wine/oil enterprises enjoyed higher efficiency, the enterprises of processing primary fruits and vegetable showed lower efficiency, seed enterprise was the lowest. All the leading enterprise’s input elements, such as assets, labor, cost and land exist slack. The slack of assets was highest. The future development direction of leading enterprise was that raising the resource utilization rate through science and technology innovation, and the implementation of brand strategy and playing the role of scale benefits.