Abstract: The aim was to reveal the phenotypic variation of Paris polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis in different populations and provide the scientific basis for the conservation and utilization. The phenotypic diversities of 15 traits from 20 populations of P polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis were observed. The results were analyzed by coefficient of variation, ANOVA analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The result showed that the phenotypic traits of P. polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis had rich variations. The coefficient of variation varied form 14.3% to 46.2%. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.13%, which indicating that the comparatively variation degree among or within populations P. polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis has a high phenotype diversity (2.4415), the mean phenotype diversity index of 20 populations ranged from 2.2255 to 2.5363. Principal components analysis indicated that the stem height, petiole length, leaf length and width, petal and calyx length, scape height were the main factors account for the phenotypic variations. According to the cluster analysis, the populations of P. polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis could be divided into three groups. There was abundant phenotypic diversity of P. polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis, which had important significance for its conservation and utilization.