Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.18 Published:25 June 2013

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  The Progress of Ubiquitin Ligases in Rice 2013, 29 (18):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0487 Abstract + ( 1195 )   PDF ( 464775KB )   ( 951 ) Ubiquitination extensively regulates the eukaryotic cell life activities. Ubiquitin E3 ligases play a specific role to recognize the targets for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. This review summarizes the roles of E3 on hormone signaling, growth and development, abiotic and biotic stresses in rice (Oryza Sativa L.). The future research should focus on the dissection of the interaction between rice E3s and their targets and develop new strategies and advice for the improvement of rice quality, abiotc and biotic stress tolerance.

  Research Progress about Methane Emission from Paddy Fields 2013, 29 (18):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4076 Abstract + ( 929 )   PDF ( 485879KB )   ( 584 ) Methane is an important greenhouse gas, but the rice field is one of the important sources of the methane. Therefore, it is important to study the discharge of the methane in the rice field. The mechanisms of methane produce, oxidation and transfer were elaborated in the paper firstly, and then laws of were summed up in day variation, seasonal variation, and interannual variation of the rice field methane emission. Influencing factors of the rice field methane emission were analyzed selectively, such as temperature, moisture content, organic quality of soil, Eh, soil pH , apply fertilizer, and so on.

  The Effects of CO2 concentration enrichment on crops physiology 2013, 29 (18):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4214 Abstract + ( 1027 )   PDF ( 500071KB )   ( 805 )

  Research Progress of Perennial Crops 2013, 29 (18):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0107 Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 492020KB )   ( 757 ) Perennial crops that life cycle is year after year are many years of growth, which aerial parts are withered in winter, and the coming year is to continue growth, flowering and fruiting. Perennial crops have an important role to maintain and improve the agricultural ecosystem as well as increasing food production. This paper described the advantages of perennial crops in agricultural production, discussed the use value of perennial crops in the agro-ecological environment, and summarized the creating ways of perennial crops. At last, the future of perennial crops was prospected.

  The Progress of Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Solid Waste 2013, 29 (18):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2976 Abstract + ( 1009 )   PDF ( 577333KB )   ( 782 ) The development of dry anaerobic digestion technology has effectively resolved those problems relating to the disposal of organic solid wastes and its recycle as energy. It has been gradually applied widely as its high gas production rate, low disposal cost, water saving and convenient management. This article summarized the status quo of mechanism, typical processes, characteristics of feedstocks and operational parameters of dry anaerobic digestion process, put forward existing problems and corresponding measures, and the prospect of the application and development of the technology has also been given.

  Analysis of Genetic Diversity of New Rice Combinations under the Regional Trials of Chongqing by SSR Marker 2013, 29 (18):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2845 Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 581686KB )   ( 652 )

  Analysis and Technical Approach of Sustainable Upgrade on Winter Wheat Production at the Rain-fed Area in Southern Henan 2013, 29 (18):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2572 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 768952KB )   ( 629 ) In order to study the correlation on wheat production and climate change, and realize wheat production level continuous improvement, took Xiping County as an example. This paper analyzed the meteorological factors and winter wheat production in the past 15 years, combined with the cultivation test on high yield and high efficiency. The main factor on the sustainable upgrading of wheat production capacity was breed layout optimization and cultivation technology level improvement at the rainfed area in southern Henan Province. The yield potential of semi-winter wheat varieties increased 399.6 kg/hm2 than that of spring wheat varieties. The soil moisture content straw mulch could be improved by 2.75 to 3.2 percentage points in 0~10 cm. Yield increased to 7.7%, 10.2%, 5.2% and 6.6% by the control of aphis, fusarium head blight, Sheath Blight Disease and bacterial leaf blight. Finally, it summed up the reasonable breed layout and optimization of sowing date and seeding quantity for the foundation, high-efficiency of rainfall using and insect pests integrated control measures is the key technology of wheat high-yield and high-efficiency technology.

  Analysis of Electronic Clone and Bioinformatics on the Cytochrome P450 Gene in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 2013, 29 (18):  38-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2674 Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 2290920KB )   ( 685 ) In order to acquired the cytochrome P450 protein gene (Cyp450) in wheat and physicochemical properties, structural characteristics and relevant information of the corresponding protein, the ectroniccloning technology and bioinformatics methods were utilized for its cDNA and the corresponding amid acid sequence as well as physical and chemical properties, subcellular localization, senior structural and its functional domains of the protein. The results showed that the length of cDNA sequence was 2155 bp, encoding 511 amino acids. In N-terminal of the protein seuence there was a significant signal peptide, it belonged to CypX surperfamily. The protein located in the cytoplasm was signal peptide protein in secretory pathway; it contained multiple different phosphorylation sites. The α-helix (accounted for 48.14%) and random coil (accounted for 33.68%) was main secondary structure, it had five disorder region and a potential globulin area in 85-511 amid acid of the protein sequence. The protein had higher sequece indentities with that from other gramineae plants including Hordeum vulgare, brachypodium distachyon, oryza sativa and zea may, the evolution distance among them was near. A new Cyp450 gene in wheat was cloned, and some sequence characters of the corresponding protein were studied, these results provided theory basis for the gene cloning by PCR technique and functional analysis.

  Uptake and Accumulation Characteristics of Mercury by Soybean and Wheat in Soil 2013, 29 (18):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0899 Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 546305KB )   ( 606 ) In order to confirm the uptake and accumulation characteristics of mercury by crops, a pot experiment was conducted to study the growth, uptake and accumulation characteristics of mercury by soybean and wheat planted in the soil with mercury dosage of 0-3.0 mg/kg. The results showed that: adding mercury to the soil reduced the plant height and the grain numbers of wheat, and the mercury content of roots and shoots of wheat gradually increased. However, no significant impact was found on soybean. In addition, appropriate amount of low concentration of mercury could increase the grain weight per pot of the two crops. On the other hand, the mercury content of shoots of soybean was higher than wheat, which of roots showed the same rule in soil with low concentration of mercury. But the mercury content of roots of wheat was higher than soybean in soil with high concentration of mercury. The translocation factors (TF) of the wheat was higher than soybean in soil with no mercury added, which of the soybean was higher in soil with mercury added. The bio-concentration factors (BCF) of soybean were in the following order: root＞stem＞leaf. BCF of wheat in soil with no mercury added was stem and leaf＞root, which was root＞stem and leaf for other treatments.

  The Distribution Characteristics and Forecast of Dry-Hot-Wind of Winter Wheat in Shaanxi Province from 1981 to 2010 Qu Zhenjiang1, Zheng Xiaohua1, Li Xinming2 2013, 29 (18):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2779 Abstract + ( 1058 )   PDF ( 934741KB )   ( 691 ) In order to wholly master the basic character of the dry-hot-wind in winter wheat planted areas in Shaanxi Province, according to dry-hot-wind climatic disaster indexes of winter wheat, the author analyzed the yearly and space distribution characteristics of 44 counties in south of northern Shaanxi and north side of Qingling, by using climate data from 1981 to 2010, and used GIS technology to made the climatic regionalization of dry-hot-wind of winter wheat. Fuping future severe dry-hot-wind year was predicted by grey disaster forecast model as an example. The results showed that: the occurrences of dry-hot-wind had the increase trend since 1990s and the occurrence times tended to be stable. The main district of dry-hot-wind is in east of Guanzhong, south of northern Shaanxi and middle of Guanzhong took second places, the lowest district was in west of Guanzhong.

  The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Summer Corn and on the Accumulation of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen 2013, 29 (18):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0135 Abstract + ( 875 )   PDF ( 615926KB )   ( 607 ) A field experiment was carried out, for further study on the effect of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency by summer corn and on the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen to seek for reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilization to summer corn, with ‘Zhengdan 958’ as the trial material to study the effect of the amount of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen use efficiency by summer corn and on the change of the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen. The results showed that, the yield of summer corn remarkably improves as nitrogen fertilization increased when the fertilizing amount ranges from 0 kg/hm2 to 260 kg/hm2. When the fertilizing amount was above 260 kg/hm2, the yield tends to reduce, and the nitrogen use efficiency by summer corn drops gradually along with the increase of nitrogen fertilization. During the whole process of growth of summer corn, the content of soil nitrate nitrogen showed a tendency of lowering first and then rising slowly. With the increase of nitrogen fertilization, the content of nitrate nitrogen in all soil layers increases correspondingly. Fertilizing appropriate amount of nitrogen could promote nitrogen absorption by summer corn and thereby raise the yield of summer corn. While too much nitrogen would lead to a large quantity of accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil so that the risk of polluting the environment increased. This experiment indicated that, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilization into summer corn should be controlled in the range of 195-260 kg/hm2 under the condition of super-high yield cultivation with an overall consideration of corn yield, nitrogen use efficiency and the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen.

  Effects of Nano-carbon on germination and root morphology of maize seeds 2013, 29 (18):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3267 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 580504KB )   ( 709 ) In order to explore the effect of Nano-carbon on crop growth, petri dish using test paper and agar culture were adopted and different concentration gradient of Nano-carbon were conducted to study effects of Nano-carbon on germination and root morphology of maize (Zea mays L. cv. ‘East agriculture 253’) seeds. The results showed that germination rate increased and had significant difference with control in 36-60h of maize seeds imbibition. The water absorption percentage, radicle and germ fresh weight, average radicle and germ length all increased gradually with the Nano-carbon concentration increasing in germination experiment. In 66mg/L treatments, all indexes reached maximum, which were higher 11.89%, 24.81%, 20.53%, 13.90%, 19.62%, 20.85% than control respectively, when the concentration was higher than 66mg/L, it were inhibited. In the maize root morphology experiment, the plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, primary seminal root length, LR number of primary seminal root were significantly increased with the Nano-carbon concentration increasing, which were higher than control by 8.39%, 9.24%, 24.14%, 10.59%. It suggested that Nano-carbon can promote seed germination and root growth in the certain concentration.

  Identification and Estimation of Aging Resistant Varieties in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) 2013, 29 (18):  67-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1775 Abstract + ( 1037 )   PDF ( 865606KB )   ( 547 ) For selecting aging resistant varieties in peanut and measuring main quality characters before and after the aging, we used 18 peanut varieties from different resources for the estimation of aging resistant ability through artificial aging and germination rate detection. We found the oblivious decline of germination rate after aging for 8 days, and based on which, we identified 5 varieties with strong aging resistant abilities (germination rate>90% after aging for 8 days); through character measurement and association analysis, we found acid value as the most alterable factor before and after aging, and the relationship between the aging resistant ability and oleic/linoleic acids contents. The reliable varieties we identified might be helpful for the genetic improvement of peanut and the related researches.

  Karyotype Analysis and Corporation of Ten Sugarcane Varieties 2013, 29 (18):  72-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3232 Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 1384918KB )   ( 982 ) The basic characteristics of genomic evolution and consanguineous constitution were studied using karyotypes analysis of ten sugarcane varieties. These provided cytological evidence for parent selection of sugarcane breeding. Root tips of ten sugarcane varieties were used to make chromosome specimen with improved method of cell wall digested with enzyme and low osmosis, and the karyotypes analysis was carried out with ikaros software. The karyotype formulas of ‘Yuetang86-368’ was 2n=111=2M+103m+4sm+2T, ‘Guitang11’ was 2n=106=96m+10sm, both belonged to 1B type of chromosome. The karyotype formulas of ROC10 was 2n=108=98m+10sm, ROC16 was 2n=111=4M+101m+6sm. ROC20 was 2n=110=98m+10sm+2st. ROC22 was 2n=110=2M+96m+12sm; ‘Yuetang93-159’ was 2n=108=2M+88m+18sm. ‘Mintang69-421’ was 2n=109=95m+14sm; ‘YZ89-151’ was 2n=111=91m+20sm, all belonged to 2B type of chromosome. The karyotype formulas of ‘YZ99-91’ was 2n=108=84m+22sm+2st, belonging to 2C type of chromosome. The result suggested that ‘Yuetang86-368’ and ‘Guitang11’ were lower on the evolutionary scale; ‘YZ99-91’ and ‘YZ89-151’ were the highest on the evolutionary scale; and other six varieties were medium on the evolutionary scale.

  Correlation Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Yield Per Plant in Brassica napus L. of Suitable Mechanization Planting and Study of Breeding of Tolerance Close Planting Canola 2013, 29 (18):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0016 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 515528KB )   ( 671 ) Analysis correlation of agronomic traits and yield per plant in Brassica napus L. of suitable mechanization planting and study of breeding of tolerance close planting canola, to provide theoretical foundation of breeding tolerance close planting rapeseed and suitable for light simplify harvesting rapeseed. Through analyzing the grey correlation degree path analysis and factor analysis between agronomic trait and signal pant yield. The results showed that, correlation degree of effective pod number per plant, per pod grain number, branch number was the highest. In correlation plant height, effective pod number per plant, per pod grain number and signal plant yield had significant correlation, and among trait existed correlation. Direct action to signal plant yield showed: effective pod number per plant > main inflorescence pod number > per pod grain number > pod density > thousand grain weight > plant height > branch height > main inflorescence length > branch number. Factor analysis showed that, cumulative contribution rate of the plant height, branch height, main inflorescence length, main inflorescence pod number and effective pod number per plant accounted for 74.99% of the total, and played a leading role. In the breeding should strengthen selection the main inflorescence effective pod number and pod density, branch height must be appropriate, reduce invalid branch number, pay attention to select plant type structure character, thus to improve per pod grain number and thousand grain weight, to lay the foundation for improve signal plant yield.

  Effects of Biochemical Characteristics in Six Species Fibre Flax Seedings after NaCl Stress 2013, 29 (18):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3245 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 756157KB )   ( 551 ) The aim was to lay the preliminary foundation for screen and breed somatic salt tolerant mutants of flax. Seedlings were stressed with NaCl (0, 100, 150, 250 mmol/L), biochemical characteristics (composition and content of chlorophylls, proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, betain contents) of the seedling were detected; their salt tolerances were determined by data analysis and comparison. From biochemical characteristics of the seedlings, after treated with 250 mmol/L NaCl, proline contents of HIZ019 and ‘Tianxin3’ were significantly higher than that of others. Soluble sugar contents of YOI303 and YOI254 were significantly higher than that of others. Soluble protein content of YOI254 was significantly higher than that of others. Betain contents of HIZ019 and ‘Tianxin3’ were significantly higher than that of others. In a word, flax seedlings of YOI254, ‘Tianxin3’, HIZ019 species were more salt tolerant than that of others.

  Study on phenotypic diversity of Paris polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis 2013, 29 (18):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2559 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 638802KB )   ( 1184 ) The aim was to reveal the phenotypic variation of Paris polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis in different populations and provide the scientific basis for the conservation and utilization. The phenotypic diversities of 15 traits from 20 populations of P polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis were observed. The results were analyzed by coefficient of variation, ANOVA analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The result showed that the phenotypic traits of P. polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis had rich variations. The coefficient of variation varied form 14.3% to 46.2%. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.13%, which indicating that the comparatively variation degree among or within populations P. polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis has a high phenotype diversity (2.4415), the mean phenotype diversity index of 20 populations ranged from 2.2255 to 2.5363. Principal components analysis indicated that the stem height, petiole length, leaf length and width, petal and calyx length, scape height were the main factors account for the phenotypic variations. According to the cluster analysis, the populations of P. polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis could be divided into three groups. There was abundant phenotypic diversity of P. polyphylla. Smith var. yunnanensis, which had important significance for its conservation and utilization.

  The Design and Implementation of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommandation Integrated Service Platform 2013, 29 (18):  96-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2118 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 3055991KB )   ( 581 ) To meet the network, comprehensive and accurate development demand of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation expert system, put forward a set of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation integrated service platform which is based on browser/server architecture, implemented by Asp.net, and supporting the same type of village plots for minimal fertilizer unit. This article describes the technical solution include function-model, requirement analysis, database design and application architecture, and proposes solution to building the village-block units network map which is the key technology of platform. In the end shows the effect of the realization of the platform features.

  The Study of Slow-release Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer on Urea 2013, 29 (18):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3149 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 591586KB )   ( 705 ) In order to study the interactions of super absorbent polymer (SAP) and urea nitrogen in slow-release effect, using pot experiment, through analysis of the varieties of alkaline nitrogen in different growth period and all these provided the theoretical basis for an appropriate ratio of water-retention sustained-release fertilizer. The results showed that: in the early growth of corn, super absorbent polymer could hold available nitrogen, so that it would not be too fast to provide soil nitrogen for crop absorption; in the later growth period, soil available nitrogen content relatively smooth, description of these that super absorbent polymer could continue release of nitrogen into the available for uptake by maize; through variance analysis and test of significance, the main processing (SAP), secondary processing (urea) and main and auxiliary treatment interaction, in seedling stage and harvest stage alkali hydrolysable nitrogen reached very significant level, thus, super absorbent polymer had the capability of slow/controlled release of nutrient to meet the corn on nitrogen nutrient requirements, wherein, to handle the B3N2 interaction effect best, followed by processing B3N3.

  Investigation Analyses About Cold Dew Wind Affect Late Rice Yield of 2011 in Yulin 2013, 29 (18):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3050 Abstract + ( 869 )   PDF ( 596486KB )   ( 589 ) Research that large range cold dew wind affect late rice growth and yield from 2011 October 4th to October 7th in Yulin City, through the way of field survey and experimental plot . The results showed that, late rice suffers large range disaster with appear time of cold dew wind and the long rainy and sunless weather and manage measure in cold dew wind front and behind have important relations. Experiment results showed that cold dew wind slow down late rice heading speed and reduce late rice seed setting rate.

  Research progress of heavy metal affect plant cell ultrastructure and function DING Guo-Hua 2013, 29 (18):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3332 Abstract + ( 1185 )   PDF ( 504847KB )   ( 842 ) The heavy metal is one of the pollutants which most seriously polluted our environment in our country. It has a serious harm not only on the ecological environment, but also to human body through the food chain enrichment. Around the damages of heavy metals on plant cells, the paper reviewed the research progress of the absorption of heavy metals, and the distribution of heavy metals in plants, and the effect of heavy metals on various important organelles in plant, namely cells ultrastructure; and summarized the characteristics of heavy metal damage on plant cells.

  Cloning of Arabidopsis WUS Gene, Construction and Identification of Plant Expression Vectors 2013, 29 (18):  119-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3631 Abstract + ( 1674 )   PDF ( 1277370KB )   ( 1503 ) Arabidopsis WUS gene was correctly cloned, and the WUS gene constitutive plant expression vector and WUS-EGFP fusion gene inducible plant expression vector were successfully constructed. They were transformed into Agrobactrium tumefaciens EHA105. The calli of rubber tree were transformed by pCAMBIA2301-35S-WUS. The positive results of histochemical staining had been obtained. The process were the following. 35S-GUS fragment was cleavaged from PBI121 by double enzymes digestion and was cloned into pCAMBIA2301 to form pCAMBIA2301-35S-GUS middle plant expression vector. After extraction of the total RNA of Arabidopsis thaliana, WUS gene was cloned by RT-PCR method and linked into pEASY-T1 vector, then the vector was doubly digested to create WUS fragment, which thus was inserted into pCAMBIA2301-35S-GUS instead of GUS fragment and formed pCAMBIA2301-35S-WUS plant expression vector. On the other hand, EGFP gene was amplified from pCAMBIA2301-EGFP vector by PCR, then the fusion DNA fragment of WUS and EGFP which were amplified by gene splicing by overlap extension PCR was cloned into pER8 inducible plant expression vector. These two plant expression vectors were successfully transformed into Agrobactrium tumefaciens EHA105 by electroporation method. Double enzymes digestion, PCR and sequencing detection verified that the results were correct. The sequences of the cloned WUS gene and WUS-EGFP fusion gene were the same as NCBI′s, it showed that these two vectors had been correctly constructed. Afterwards, friable embryogenic calli of rubber tree were transformed by the vector pCAMBIA2301-35S-WUS, and GUS staining showed that transformed calli had been obtained. These studies had provided a good base for further researching on the function of WUS gene in somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis of calli in Hevea brasiliensis.

  Isolation of CBF genes and their phylogenetic relationship with CBF genes in cereal family 2013, 29 (18):  127-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2275 Abstract + ( 859 )   PDF ( 1146140KB )   ( 567 ) A total of 11 clones were sequenced. Sequencing results showed that there were three copies of CBF genes in the 11 clones, among which similarities were 99%, 92% and 91% respectively. Moreover, the three cloned CBF genes were assigned with CBF genes from other different species. Assignment result showed that the cloned CBF genes of oil palm were clustered together. Moreover, there was higher similarity between the three cloned CBF genes of oil palm and HvCBF1, OsDREB1E, HvCBF11 as well as TaCBF11. Using homologous cloning, three CBF genes were cloned. By blast search, the cloned CBF genes have high similar with available CBF genes in NCBI website. The work will have a help for molecular selection of cold resistant variety in oil palm.

  Screening and Identification of Strains 1-21 degradation Polyvinyl Alcohol 2013, 29 (18):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4001 Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 812798KB )   ( 694 ) Abstract:Due to the biological method degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) can significantly reduce processing polyvinyl alcohol wastewater cost,therefore,screening efficient PVA degradation bacteria to PVA wastewater treatment is very important. The collected soil samples after 85℃ boiling water bath were cultured in suspension,and by boric acid and I2-KI staining,and by the shake flask fermentation supernatant rescreening PVA degrading enzyme activity determination of 9 strains,selecting PVA degrading enzyme of high activity 4 strains,the highest activity of which is named 1-21,Microbiological classification and identification methods based on the strain of the morphological,physiological and biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA sequences build phylogenetic trees,strain is identified as a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.The similarity of the 16S rDNA sequences between strain 1-21 and the type strain BCRC 11601 of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was close to 99.77%,With biological methods to deal with PVA wastewater provide advantage strain.

  Beauveria bassiana Strain Esterase Isozyme Patterns of RAPD Polymorphism 2013, 29 (18):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2124 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 581363KB )   ( 558 ) For the genetic diversity of a clear Beauveria bassiana esterase isozymes and RAPD-PCR technology, 15 Beauveria bassiana laboratory saved from the protein level and molecular level of genetic diversity of research. The results showed that: the similarity between the strains of esterase isozyme zymograms show range from 0.125 to 1.000, while the similarity between the range of strains obtained by RAPD technique 0.4848-0.8848, esterase isozyme zymograms showed genetic differences greater than the differences of the RAPD bands. Visible Beauveria bassiana interspecific genetic diversity.

  Optimization of Medium for Bacillus megaterium Fermentation by Response-surface Methodology 2013, 29 (18):  142-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2611 Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 619050KB )   ( 718 ) The response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation medium of Bacillus megaterium 1013. In the single factor experiment, molasses, soybean powder and NH4NO3, were selected to be the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively. Then, molasses and soybean powder were found to be the important factors by Plackett-Burman design. The optimal concentration of two important factors was determined by response surface methodology. The results showed that, 4.17% molasses, 1.53% soybean powder. The spores yield of Bacillus megaterium 1013 could reach (89.34±3.87)×108 cfu/mL by using the optimal medium, which was increased by 3.35 fold compared with the original medium.

  Overview of Long-distance Migration of Rice Planthopper 2013, 29 (18):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1881 Abstract + ( 1061 )   PDF ( 673313KB )   ( 782 ) The Rice Planthopper was one of the main insect pests in rice production in China at present. The long-distance migration, which including take-off, flight and landing was the results of biological evolution and environmental stress, especially the food shortage, which affected by physiological station, ecological situation, insect source and other factors. Weather system, Meteorological factors, geographic features, and other factors were related to migration progress, in which the low-level jet stream could be used as monitoring migration of rice Planthopper in warning parameters, combined with the sources of Rice Planthoppers to predicted the landing-area. Migration parameter and model could accurately elucidate the rice Planthopper from take-off, flight, landing immigration of migratory behavior dynamics, simulation from the insect source, flying height, flight time, flight trajectory, to provide scientific basis for prevention of rice Planthopper.

  The Progress of the Cross-talk Among the Signaling Pathways of Phytohormones in Plant Defense Responses 2013, 29 (18):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0728 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 468083KB )   ( 1295 ) It is never denied that plant endogenous hormones play crucial roles in plant defense responses. The functions of these hormones are different upon the plant defense to different kinds of pathogens. And the signaling pathways of plant hormones are not exist alone in plant defense responses, but exhibit cross-talk among these pathways. The cross-talk promotes the coordination of different hormones signal in plants to enhance disease resistance, which is efficient strategy to resist different kinds of pathogens invasion. This paper reviewed the progress on functions of six phytohormones in disease resistance and the cross-talk among the signaling pathways of these six phytohormones including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin and gibberellin.

  Advances of Comprehensive Control on Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire 2013, 29 (18):  158-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2922 Abstract + ( 1154 )   PDF ( 457518KB )   ( 841 ) Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire is an invasive pest, found in different trees, doing great damage to forests. In this paper, advances on its morphological characteristic, distribution and control methods are mentioned. The control methods include ecological controlling, physical, biological and chemical controlling etc. Among these controlling methods, ecological controlling and biological controlling are the sustainable ones. It is supposed to put emphasis on distribution and evaluation of parasitic wasps to do biological control and spatial distribution, rearing, usage of natural enemies of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire.

  Control Effect of 6 Types of Azoxystrobin mixture on Rice Sheath Blight 2013, 29 (18):  162-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0035 Abstract + ( 1801 )   PDF ( 633008KB )   ( 848 ) In order to control rice sheath blight and delay the onset of azoxystrobin resistance, field efficacy trials of six azoxystrobin mixtures on rice sheath blight was carried out. The results showed that, flutolanil?azoxystrobin 20% WDG, thiophanate-methyl?azoxystrobin 75% WDG, tebuconazole?azoxystrobin 75% WDG and propiconazole?azoxystrobin 32% SC were effective in control of rice sheath blight, as well as the control effect were respectively 82.50%-86.68%, 73.87%-85.33%, 73.20%-84.75% and 73.71%-82.63%, which were higher than those of jinggangmycin 5% AS used in the production widely.

  Optimization of Solid-state Fermentation Conditions for Two Streptomyces stains Against Banana Fusarium wilt and Selection of Additive. 2013, 29 (18):  168-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3001 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 746964KB )   ( 592 ) In this study, the solid-state fermentation conditions of two Streptomyces spp. strains that against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense causing banana panama wilt were optimized. The purpose of this project was to increase the yield of mycelium and spores; the additive was optimized as well, for the biological control of banana panama wilt. The optimization of medium to Streptomyces albospinus Strain BWL15-4 and Streptomyces ahygroscopicus Strain BWL58 was designed by single factor test and the 4 factors 3 levels orthogonal experiments. First, the single factors, including the effect of initial pH, inoculum volume and fermentation temperature, on the mycelium growth of the two Streptomyces spp. strains were investigated. Secondly, the carrier of the bio-control agents was concluded based on the yield of the spores. The optimized conditions for the solid-state fermentation of Streptomyces spp. Strain BWL58 are as follows: pH 7.0 as initial, amount of inoculum 2%, fermentation temperature 28℃ and the optimized medium including water, soy flour, wheat bran, sandy soil and rice, and their ratio is 150:5:20:30:100, respectively by wight. The optimized conditions for the solid-state fermentation of Actinomycetes spp. Strain BWL15-4 are as follows: pH 6.3 as initial, amount of inoculum 3%, fermentation temperature 29.5℃ and the optimized medium also including water, soy flour, wheat bran, sandy soil and rice, and their ratio is 130:10:20:20:100 respectively by wight. After 3 months, the amount of the spores was reduced for 10% when the non-cultivated loess was selected as the carrior of the bio-control agent and the loess/microorganism mixture ratio is 2/1. Under the above optimized fermentation condition, the two test strains could produce large amount of living spores, which were up to 1013 cfu/g and 1012 cfu/g ,respectively. Additionally, the results show that the non-cultivated loess was found to be the best additive among the three candidate additives, including the Kaolin soil, flour and non-cultivated loess.

  Preparation and Release Kinetics of Multi-functional Mothproofing Sustained-release Tablets Based on Eupatorium Powders as a Carrier 2013, 29 (18):  175-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1888 Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 800229KB )   ( 638 ) In order to prepare the aromatic and mothproofing sustained-release tablets based on eupatorium powders, the absorbents and excipients appropriately incorporated into the tablets were selected by using compression formulation experiment and in vitro release experiment. The influence of the compositions of the tablets and formulation conditions on the release kinetics was investigated using in vitro dynamic release experiments. The efficacies of tablets were evaluated by test insects. The results showed that: Micro-silica powders appropriately incorporated into the tablets had good compressibility and controlled-release effect. The sustained-release tablets could be successfully prepared by using eupatorium powders as a carrier and the formulation pressure of 10 MPa. The obtained lavender flavor-containing eupatorium-based tablets had good appearance and the maximum amount of eupatorium powders could reach 76% (m/m) of the quality of the tablet, and the release of lavender flavor from the tablets sustained more than 3 months. The incorporation of a certain amount of lavender flavor into the tablets could not only mask the bad smell of eupatorium dry powders but also improve the mothproofing efficacy of the tablets. In this study, the aromatic and mothproofing sustained-release tablets can be successfully prepared. The obtained results can not only broadens the scope of the comprehensive utilization of eupatorium, but also provide a multi-functional mothproofing sustained-release tablets with aromatic flavor for the domestic mothproofing market.

  Research Advances in the Degradation of the Leaf Starch of the Flue-cured Tobacco during Flue-curing 2013, 29 (18):  180-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2809 Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 701415KB )   ( 957 ) This paper summarized the effects of the starch degradation on the quality of flue-cured tobacco and the biochemical processes of the starch degradation of the flue-cured tobacco during flue-curing process as well as the factors affecting the degree and rate of the starch degradation. During flue-curing, both the degree and products of the starch degradation affect the quality of flue-cured tobacco, the starch degradation of the flue-cured tobacco is accomplished mainly by two biochemical pathways, i.e. hydrolysis and phosphorolysis under the catalysis of multiple enzymes. The internal factors influencing the degradation of starch in tobacco leaves included the characteristic properties of tobacco starch, the degree of maturity and the microorganisms of the tobacco leaves and so on. The main external factors were the flue-curing equipments and their parameters, the artificially additive enzymes, microorganism preparations and so forth. This paper could provide a reference for the optimization of the flue-curing technology and the formulation of measures accelerating the starch degradation of the flue-cured tobacco.

  Study on Changes of Weight and Fruit Shape in Different Grape Varieties Before and After Drying in Xinjiang 2013, 29 (18):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2843 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 606096KB )   ( 563 ) In order to study the different grape varieties of changes in weight and fruit shape before and after drying, 42 full of dried grapes were selected to analysis the different changes before and after drying and compare with the soluble solid. The result showed that the significant correlation between soluble solid and transverse diameter changes. The weight changes were also significantly correlated with transverse diameter changes. Through cluster analysis, the grape varieties were divided into four group classes. There were 14, 4, 13, 11 varieties in each group. The fourth group included grape variety of Wuhezi, Dilaite, Hungdi, etc. It had the highest soluble solid, while the vertical and transverse diameter and the weight also had minimum changes.

  Research about Optimizated Fermentation Conditions of Production β-mannase from Bacillus Licheniformis HDYM - 04 ping jingge 2013, 29 (18):  193-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3945 Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 897601KB )   ( 544 ) Abstract： In order to reseach on cell growthl, substrate depletion, production formation, Bacillus licheniformis strain HDYM-04 was isolated in flax retting and demonstrated a high production of β-mannanase. Use the fermentation conditions for fermentation as follows: the initial addition of konjac flour 2 % (w/v), inoculum 6.7 % (v/v) and the initial pH value of medium 8.0. The optimal process parameters including temperature, agitation speed and aeration rate optimized by orthogonal test were: temperature 37 ℃, agitation speed 300 r/min and aeration rate 3 L/min. Meanwhile, an optimal time course of fermentation cycle was 30 h. The establishment of batch fermentation kinetic models (cell growth kinetic model, substrate depletion kinetic model, production formation kinetic model) was based on Logistic and Luedeking-Piret equations. The correlation coefficients R2 of the three equations were 0.99021, 0.98908 and 0.98812, respectively, which indicated good correlation between experimental values and models. Therefore, the equations could be used to describe cell growth, enzyme synthesis and substrate consumption process of HDYM-04 during batch fermentation. Besides, the establishment of batch fermentation kinetic models (cell growth kinetic model, substrate depletion kinetic model, production formation kinetic model) could make theoretical foundation and provide practical instruction for the application of HDYM-04 in industry.

  The influence of different types of Eurotium cristatum on brick loose tea’s main chemical composition 2013, 29 (18):  200-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0002 Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 653346KB )   ( 637 ) Abstract: Choose four different types of Eurotium cristatum(standard Eurotium cristatum（G1）,Eurotium cristatum drape（G2）,Eurotium cristatum variecolor（G3）, Eurotium cristatum light yellow（G4）) as inoculant, vaccination to anhua dark tea we get their brick loose tea. Through the comparison of four different types of Eurotium cristatum in the inoculation to anhua dark tea 3, 7, 11 days later in EGCG,caffeine, theanine, tea polyphenols, soluble sugar, water extract and fluorine,to find the best type of Eurotium cristatum. The results show that,after vaccination to anhua dark tea 3, 7, 11 days later, the treatment of Eurotium cristatum drape’s（G2）brick loose tea is better than others. Among them, the EGCG, theanine, tea polyphenol content are higher than the other three processing, And the content of EGCG G2 and G3, G4 have significant different, caffeine content is minimum,soluble sugar content is slightly lower than other three processing. Comprehensive to see, the treatment of Eurotium cristatum drape’s（G2）brick loose tea is best,and suitable for promotion.

  Purification technology of Kadsura polysaccharide from Kadsura marmorata fruits 2013, 29 (18):  206-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3081 Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 686625KB )   ( 590 ) In order to purify crude kadsura polysaccharides(KPS) which were extracted from dried Kadsura marmorata fruits. The crude KPS were removed protein by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) method and Sevage method, respectively. On the base of single factor tests (decoloring temperature, decoloring time, solvent pH value and active carbon concentration), the conditions of active carbon decoloring method were optimized by the orthogonal test. The results showed that TCA method was the most appropriate removal protein method from the crude KPS and the ratio of removing protein reached to 72.6%. The optimal technological conditions of active carbon decoloring method was 60℃ of decoloring temperature, 80min of decoloring time, 1.0 of solvent pH value and 1.5% of active carbon concentration. In this condition, decoloring ratio reached to 86.83%. So the methods were simple, easy to apply, and suitable for the protein and pigment removal in crude KPS from K. marmorata fruits．

  Optimization Techniques for the Extraction of Essential Oil from Poon-Kan Seed by Ultrasonic-Assisted Solvent 2013, 29 (18):  211-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3198 Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 623581KB )   ( 572 ) The Process Conditions for Essential oil from poon-kan seed by ultrasonic-assisted solvent were studied. The physicochemical properties and the fatty acid composition were analyzed. The results showed that the yield of essential oil was 40.49% at the conditions of 250W ultrasonic power, 1∶7 solid-liquid ratio and 120s for extraction, and the physicochemical indexes of essential oil meet the requirement. Analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that essential oil from poon-kan seed including Linoleic Acid (36.0721%), oleic acid (28.1571%), palmitic acid (29.5704%), stearic acid (3.4877%), linolenic acid (2.71%), and unsaturated fat was 66.9418%.