Abstract: The basic characteristics of genomic evolution and consanguineous constitution were studied using karyotypes analysis of ten sugarcane varieties. These provided cytological evidence for parent selection of sugarcane breeding. Root tips of ten sugarcane varieties were used to make chromosome specimen with improved method of cell wall digested with enzyme and low osmosis, and the karyotypes analysis was carried out with ikaros software. The karyotype formulas of ‘Yuetang86-368’ was 2n=111=2M+103m+4sm+2T, ‘Guitang11’ was 2n=106=96m+10sm, both belonged to 1B type of chromosome. The karyotype formulas of ROC10 was 2n=108=98m+10sm, ROC16 was 2n=111=4M+101m+6sm. ROC20 was 2n=110=98m+10sm+2st. ROC22 was 2n=110=2M+96m+12sm; ‘Yuetang93-159’ was 2n=108=2M+88m+18sm. ‘Mintang69-421’ was 2n=109=95m+14sm; ‘YZ89-151’ was 2n=111=91m+20sm, all belonged to 2B type of chromosome. The karyotype formulas of ‘YZ99-91’ was 2n=108=84m+22sm+2st, belonging to 2C type of chromosome. The result suggested that ‘Yuetang86-368’ and ‘Guitang11’ were lower on the evolutionary scale; ‘YZ99-91’ and ‘YZ89-151’ were the highest on the evolutionary scale; and other six varieties were medium on the evolutionary scale.