Abstract: Analysis correlation of agronomic traits and yield per plant in Brassica napus L. of suitable mechanization planting and study of breeding of tolerance close planting canola, to provide theoretical foundation of breeding tolerance close planting rapeseed and suitable for light simplify harvesting rapeseed. Through analyzing the grey correlation degree path analysis and factor analysis between agronomic trait and signal pant yield. The results showed that, correlation degree of effective pod number per plant, per pod grain number, branch number was the highest. In correlation plant height, effective pod number per plant, per pod grain number and signal plant yield had significant correlation, and among trait existed correlation. Direct action to signal plant yield showed: effective pod number per plant > main inflorescence pod number > per pod grain number > pod density > thousand grain weight > plant height > branch height > main inflorescence length > branch number. Factor analysis showed that, cumulative contribution rate of the plant height, branch height, main inflorescence length, main inflorescence pod number and effective pod number per plant accounted for 74.99% of the total, and played a leading role. In the breeding should strengthen selection the main inflorescence effective pod number and pod density, branch height must be appropriate, reduce invalid branch number, pay attention to select plant type structure character, thus to improve per pod grain number and thousand grain weight, to lay the foundation for improve signal plant yield.