Abstract: In order to fully understand the overall profile of the Bawangling National Nature Reserve, determine the protective effect, early warn ecological quality change, and provide decision-making basis for administration of nature reserve. Combining the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, a multi-layer evaluation model with factors of ecological quality, management system and socio-economic for Bawangling National Nature Reserve was established. This evaluation model was used to perform a comprehensive evaluation on the Bawangling National Nature Reserve. The results showed that: the total score of this evaluation was 89.1, which meant a good overall level and function. As for the ecological quality, the biodiversity of the Bawangling National Nature Reserve was very high, and the conservation value was quite high, but the ecological system was weak and threatened by human activity. As for the management system, most organizations of protection and management were established, but there were remain some problems, such as the poor self-support ability, insufficient funds for operation, and weak scientific and technological forces. As for the socio-economics, there were considerable cultural and scientific values in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve. The potential of development for recreational value also should be considered. Therefore, ecological tourism should be prompted to enhance the capacity for sustainable development of the Bawangling National Nature Reserve.