Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.29 Published:15 October 2013

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  The Progress of a Biological Research on the Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 2013, 29 (29):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0883 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 529685KB )   ( 551 ) Lapwing Vanellus vanellus was a kind of common-seen birds. A brief review on the geographical distribution, diets, habitat selection and reproductive biology was given based on references and investigation of the lapwing. Food diet of Lapwing varies from adult and nestling, and was also influenced by season, habitat, temperature difference between day and night. Habitat selection was effected by factors like food, environmental humidity, vegetation height and concealment. Lapwing has a high variability of the mating system, such as monogamy polygyny and polyandry.

  Correlation Analysis of 25 Main Agronomic Characters and Drought Resistance in Forage Sorghum Restorer Lines 2013, 29 (29):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0515 Abstract + ( 970 )   PDF ( 622638KB )   ( 524 ) These test data for forage sorghum restorer lines drought resisting breeding research to provide the scientific basis, especially the high biological yield in forage sorghum restorer lines, stable biological yield good, chooses other related character. 25 different forage sorghum restorer lines were selected as experimental material. Then planted them in irrigated and dry lands, and investigated 9 character values of forage sorghum restorer lines, compared with 9 character values in difference of irrigated and dry lands. Experimental results showed that, the biological yield was the uppermost index. The difference between irrigated and drought to the maximum was 84700.00 kg/hm2. And the smallest difference was 6600.00 kg/hm2. The average biological yield reduced 42259.20 kg/hm2 in drought land, obtained drought resisting coefficient and drought resisting index of 8 character values. The biological yield drought resisting coefficient scoped 0.4167-0.9603, drought resisting index scoped 0.2483-1.5084. All these provided the basis for the selection of drought tolerant varieties. Estimated value of 7 traits to the genetic correlation coefficient of irrigated and dry lands, the biological yield of dry land and growth period, plant height, stem diameter and tiller number other 4 traits of the genetic correlation coefficient was positive, correlation coefficient scope 0.1576-0.5956. The biological yield correlated negative with ear length, ear diameter and thousand seed weight of genetic traits. Correlation coefficient scoped -0.2563 - -0.0870. The biological yield of irrigated land and growth period, plant height, stem diameter and tiller number other 4 traits of the genetic correlation coefficient was positive, correlation coefficient scope 0.1288-0.3984. The biological yield correlated negative with ear length, ear diameter and thousand seed weight of genetic traits. Correlation coefficient scoped -0.4485 - -0.0098. All data between the biological yield and 7 characters reflected the relatedness of the irrigated and dry lands.

  Research on Regional Trials of A New Strain Alfalfa of ‘Zaxuan No.1’ 2013, 29 (29):  14-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0816 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 588582KB )   ( 522 ) The alfalfa of“Zaxuan No.1”is a new breeding strain of Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, which is a drought endurance and high yield of a new strain alfalfa, suitable for growing cultivation in the semi-arid and semi-humid regions of Gansu and similar areas in Loess Plateau. The new strain breeding exhibited good production performance under dry farming condition in Gansu. The regional trial results showed that the average fresh yield of a new strain alfalfa was 46117.78kg/hm2 in Tianshui, Lanzhou and Dingxi, increased by 11.42% compared with control alfalfa of Zhonglan No.1 (Medicago sativa L.), higher than the control alfalfa of Juren (Medicago sativa L.) 22.35%, and higher than the local alfalfa of Tianshui or Longzhong (Medicago sativa L.) 28.82%.The average dry yield of new strain was 12257.89kg/hm2，increased by19.40% compared with control alfalfa of Zhonglan No.1, higher than the control alfalfa of Juren (Medicago sativa L.) 23.54%, and higher than the local alfalfa of Tianshui or Longzhong 24.40%.It’s seed yield was 371.35kg/hm2,lower than the control alfalfa of Zhonglan No.1 8.95%, higher than the control alfalfa of Juren 11.85%, and higher than the local alfalfa variety of Tianshui or Longzhong 16.11%..

  Economic Benefit Analysis on Different Production Mode of Tibetan Lambs 2013, 29 (29):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0079 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 475386KB )   ( 531 ) The research was aimed to explore the new efficent culture technology in Qinghai alpine pastoral area by feeding Tibetan ewes in 45 days of late pregnancy and lactation period, and analysing the economic benefit of different produntion mode. The results showed that the birth weight, 2-month weaning weight and daily gain in sucking period in experimental group were all significantly higher than control group (P＜0.01), the 6-month weight and daily gain in fattening period in experimental group were all significantly higher than control group (P＜0.01), the reproductive survival rate in 2-month and 6-month were all higher than control group, the profit of unit lamb in experimental group was 242.79￥ higher than control group. It showed that strengthen standardized feeding and management of Tibetan ewes in each period could greatly improve the economic benefits of Tibetan lamb production.

  Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Proliferations and Secretion Function of Mouse Spleen Lymphocytes in vitro 2013, 29 (29):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0727 Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 807043KB )   ( 1138 ) To investigate effects of Chlorgenic Acid (CHA) on proliferations and secretion function of mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro. Mouse spleen cells were prepared by aseptic separation and in vitro cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal blood serum. The stimulant Concanavalin (ConA) and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were added in culture medium with different CHA concentrations of 40, 80, 160 μg/mL. After cells were cultured for different time, MTT assay the proliferations of T and B lymphocytes, ELISA and Griess methods were used to detected TNF-α and NO levels. The results showed that proliferation and survival rate of ConA-induced T lymphocytes and LPS-induced B lymphocytes treated with low and medium CHA concentration were improved, and cellular transformation significantly inhibited at high concentration of CHA. CHA could enhance the NO secretion of T and B lymphocytes treated with CHA; TNF-α secretion of T lymphocytes basically did not be affected. TNF-α secreted from spleen B lymphocytes was promoted at medium concentration of CHA, but inhibited at high CHA concentration. CHA promoted the proliferation of spleen T and B lymphocytes from mice treated with cyclophosphamide, but there was not a significantly effect of CHA on NO secretion. The results suggested that CHA might affect lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion to perform immunomodulatory effects.

  Induction of IFN-γ Production by Rat Intestinal Mucosal Microvascular Endothelial Cells bySome Active Ingredients of Traditional Chinese Medicines 2013, 29 (29):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0089 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 541592KB )   ( 435 ) To determine whether the active ingredients of antiviral TCM induce the production of IFN-γ by cultured MVECs in vitro, the effects of andrographolide, ginsenoside Rb1, matrine, chlorogenic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid on it were assayed by ELISA method. The results showed that these five components all played significantly effect to IFN-γ production (P<0.01). Andrographolide, ginsenoside Rb1matrine chlorogenic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid at 5.0 mg/L, 20.0 mg/L，20.0 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L were higher than10.0 mg/L, 20.0 mg/L,40.0 mg/L, 10.0 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L，respectively. And 10.0 mg/L chlorogenic acid or glycyrrhetinic acid have lower roles than at 5.0 mg/L. The results suggested that above five components all could induced the secretion of IFN-γ in cultured IMMVECs and further play their antiviral functions which provide experimental basis for explaining the antiviral mechanism of TCM.

  Determination of GRα mRNA Expression in Tissues of Gilts during Late Gestation in Hot Weather 2013, 29 (29):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3690 Abstract + ( 809 )   PDF ( 794550KB )   ( 596 ) The study was conducted to reveal the GRα mRNA expression in different tissues of gilts during late gestation in high ambient temperature. The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between the GRα mRNA expression and physiological development of gilts during late gestation, to provide the basic reference data for the study of molecular mechanisms of heat stress. Twelve gilts (Landrace × Large White) during late gestation were assigned into two treatments (6 gilts/ treatment) according to the gestational day (90d and 110d). The gilts were slaughtered and tissues including brain, ovary, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney were collected aseptically over liquid nitrogen and frozen at -80°C. Then total RNA isolation and reverse transcription, quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the mRNA expression of GRα in different tissues of gilts during late gestation. The results showed that the mRNA expression level of GRα in different tissues of gilts at d 90 of gestation was as follows: lung > spleen > liver > kidney > brain > ovary > heart; d 110: spleen > lung > liver > kidney > ovary > heart > brain. Compared d 110 with d 90 of gestation, except that the expression of GRα in lung and brain was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and was reduced (P<0.05) in liver, there were no gestation stage dependent effects on GRα mRNA expression in all the other tissues (P>0.05). Our results indicated that the mRNA expression of GRα was higher in lung and spleen of gilts during late gestation, to a lesser degree in liver and kidney, lower expression levels of GRα were observed in brain, ovary and heart. Compared d 110 with d 90 of gestation, the expression of GRα mRNA were reduced in lung, brain and liver at different degrees. this changes with prolonged pregnancy is more obvious, but at the same time showed a distinct tissue specificity.

  The Effect of Exogenous Progesterone on in vitro Nuclear Maturation of Bovine Oocytes 2013, 29 (29):  42-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3780 Abstract + ( 807 )   PDF ( 526990KB )   ( 516 ) In this experiment, it was aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous progesterone on in vitro nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes through adding with 10 μg/mL FSH + 10 μg/mL LH (control), 0 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, and 1000 ng/mL exogenous progesterone respectively into the in vitro maturation medium for bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) rate of each group after 8 h using acetic acid-orcein staining, and counted first polarbody (PbI) rate after 22 h were all analyzed. Finally, the blastocyst rate after 7-8 days of in vitro fertilization was also counted. The results showed that, GVBD (75.0%) and PbI (79.6%) rate of the control group were significantly higher than the other ones adding with exogenous progesterone (P<0.05), and blastocyst rate of each group didn’t show significant variation (P>0.05). Therefore, it could be concluded that the exogenous progesterone could not play a role for improving the nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes, it also meant that exogenous progesterone alone could not take the same effect as endogenous progesterone in such kind of processes.

  Polymorphism of BMPR-IB Gene Exon7 in Five Populations 2013, 29 (29):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0166 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 663051KB )   ( 513 ) For exploring the molecular mechanism of prolificacy and providing theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection and breeding of fecundity in sheep. PCR-SSCP was used to detect polymorphism of BMPR-IB gene Exon7 for five sheep breeds (Texel Sheep, Poll Dorset Sheep, Germany Merino Sheep, Small Tail Han Sheep, Tibetan Sheep) with different fertility. The results showed that AA and AB genotypes were found in five groups. The sequencing analysis indicated that AB genotype was C→T mutation in coding region of 846 and existed the heterozygous of C/T. Genotype AA was dominant genotype and allele A was dominant allele in five sheep breeds. The PIC of Texel Sheep, Poll Dorset Sheep and Germany Merino Sheep was between 0.25 to 0.5 and they were moderately polymorphic by population genetics, Small Tail Han Sheep and Tibetan Sheep were low polymorphism (PIC<0.25). In addition to the Texel Sheep, the other sheep breeds were in Hardy-weinberg equilibrium by χ2 test. This mutation point distributions had differences in different prolificacy sheep groups by significant test. Germany Merino Sheep had no significant differences with Texel Sheep and Poll Dorset Sheep (P>0.05), Small Tail Han Sheep had significant differences with Texel Sheep and Poll Dorset Sheep (0.010.05). This mutation could be considered as a potential locus to control reproduction of sheep.

  Study of Three Methods for Making DNA Templates of Mycoplamsa hyopneumoniae 2013, 29 (29):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1103 Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 586713KB )   ( 533 ) In order to filter out a fast, efficient, inexpensive method to extract the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DNA tempiate. In this study we compared Tissue DNA Kit, double distilled boiled method and phenol-chloroform method to choose a best way to extract Mhp DNA. The results showed that the three methods were suitable for the extraction of genomic DNA of the bacterium, however, double distilled boiling method could not extracted genomic DNA from the tiusse, the Tissue DNA Kit could extract out of genomic DNA purely from the tissue, but got a small quantity of DNA each time, phenol-chloroform method could extract large DNA of the tissue, but complicated to operate, vulnerable to pollution, and with a little impurity bands. Acorrding to the different templates, select the appropriate DNA preparation method which is beneficial to make the detection accurated, meanwhile improve the detection efficiency, to provide protection for the early disease detection.

  Sero-epidemiological survey on Paratuberculosis prevalence of Sika Deer in JiLin province 2013, 29 (29):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3599 Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 574956KB )   ( 458 ) Abstract: The aim was to survey the paratuberculosis infection status on sika deer in Jilin Province 2012. 630 serum samples of sika deer were selected from 4 deer breeding places behalves Jilin Province, and the method ELISA was used to survey the deer paratuberculosis. The positive rate was 18.73 % in mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibody detection of deer serum in Jilin Province, in which the highest positive rate was 25% in Tonghua, and the lowest rate was 11.86 % in Siping. In terms of age and gender statistic pairwise comparison analysis for sika deer found that, young deer, bred deer and adult deer had significant differences((P<0.05), but there was no significant differences between bred deer and adult deer(P>0.05). The sika deer paratuberculosis infection in a serious level, which remind the sika deer breeders and the relevant departments, should be high degree of attach importance to the work of prevention and control of the sika deer paratuberculosis.

  Water Temperature Change and Forecast in Spring and Summer in Aquaculture Fish Pond’s in Honghu Area 2013, 29 (29):  61-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1285 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 902928KB )   ( 476 ) In order to forecast fish pond’s water temperature and to guide local fisheries production in Honghu Area, water temperature and air temperature data of local typical fish pond in spring and summer of 2011 and 2012 were analyzed. The results showed that: with the deepening of the water level, the diurnal range of water temperature decreased. Generally speaking, the difference of surface and deep water levels’ temperature in spring was larger while in summer relatively smaller. The correlation analysis results of water temperature and air temperature showed that significant relationship between water temperature of the day and air temperature of the day and past 1 to 3 days. With the mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures of the day and past 1 to 3 days as predictors, the mean, maximum and minimum water temperature forecast models of spring and summer seasons were established separately by stepwise regression method, and the determination coefficient reached 0.84 to 0.98. Comparing the modeled water temperature with the water temperature data of May and July 2011, and in May the model fitted better. Established model all had high precision with average relative error value less than 4%. That was to say, the established water temperature models could be used to forecast the fish pond water temperature for Honghu Area, which could provide effective guidance and meteorological services for fisheries production activities.

  DO for Grass carp in Jianghan Plain in Spring and Elementary Analysis of Cause 2013, 29 (29):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0183 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 695112KB )   ( 584 ) To get the CDO (Critical Dissolved Oxygen) of gasping for air and Pan Tong for Grass carp in spring, we carried out several simulation experiments in Jingzhou Agricultural Meteorological Station in spring. The results indicated that, the CDO of gasping for air and Pan Tong for Grass carp in spring was 0.30, 0.10 mg/L and lasted more than 30 min respectively. The results also showed that, there was a direct relationship between water turbidity level and dissolved oxygen ability of water body. The DO increment of pond water oxygenated in 14 hours was 1.98 mg/L higher than mild turbid running water oxygenated, and the DO of replacement of running water had been raised by 1.2-1.6 mg/L. So special attention on water quality should be paid in pond culture of fish in spring, and there would be a greater improvement of fishes’ living environment if water quality was improved, and gasping for air and Pan Tong might be held off or reduced to some extent, thus greater economic losses would be avoided.

  Assessment of Heave Metal Pollution in Bivalve Mollusks 2013, 29 (29):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0439 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 539850KB )   ( 709 ) To analyze and evaluate the current situation of heave metal pollution in bivalve mollusks objectively, the survey results of heave metal concentrations in bivalve mollusks were evaluated according to the heave metal limit standards at home and abroad in this paper. The contents of heave metal in bivalve mollusks collected in our country were also analyzed by the method of risk assessment. The results showed that the concentrations of Cd and inorganic arsenic in bivalve mollusks sampled during the period from 2007 to 2009 exceeded the limit standards of China, but the theoretical most weekly/monthly intake (TMWI/TMMI) of the eating crowd was lower than provisional tolerated weekly/monthly intake (PTWI/ PTMI) posed by JECFA.

  Policy Recommendations to Solve the Difficuties of Liaoning Province Agricultural and Sideline Products Export Processing Enterprises 2013, 29 (29):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0535 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 612398KB )   ( 533 ) Production and eaport of agricultural and sideline products in liaoning province are in the forefront of the country.But the enterprises of agricultural and sideline products in Liaoning are facing many difficulties:the importing country economic downturn,business costs rise rapidly,recruitment difficulties,export prices declining,import and export inspection and quarantine not aligning with the international,high detection costs ctc.according to the Laoning province agricultural product export processing industry survey and analyzing the reasons for the formation of these difficuties,we put forward the countermeasures that the government should made.

  Study on Economical and Intensive Land Use of Industrial Land in Development Zone of Changsha 2013, 29 (29):  94-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0390 Abstract + ( 924 )   PDF ( 532604KB )   ( 860 ) The purpose of this paper is to design evaluation index system and evaluate the level of economical and intensive land use of industry in Development Zone of Changsha City so as to provide reference for economical and intensive land use of industry. Methods employed include AHP and synthesis evaluation. The results indicate that: the whole level of intensive land use of industry in development zone of Changsha City is relatively high, but there existed obvious differences among evaluation results of intensive land use levels in evaluated industries. The volume rate and building density was the most important internal factor influencing the intensity of development zone industrial land use. It is concluded that the level of economical and intensive use of industrial land can be improved by formulating intensive use standards for different industries, consummating the mechanisms of land market, improving the intensity of land use, reinforcing technological innovation and land supervision, and so on.

  The Farmland Transference Survey in Xinping County of Yunnan Province 2013, 29 (29):  99-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3770 Abstract + ( 665 )   PDF ( 454617KB )   ( 484 ) Land, as a production element, need reasonablily flowing to increase efficiency. By investigation and research, data about land circulation basic situation in Xinping County were collected. These data indicate that there are many circulation forms, economic growth, especially rapid development of second industry disaffiliate more peasants from rural areas and agriculture, revitalize rural land circulation. To promote sound development of rural land circulation, changing idea of peasants, promoting transfer of surplus rural labors and refining land circulation service system are essential.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Rural Residential Reclamation Potential Under the Background of Rural Land Comprehensive Reclamation——Take Huayuan County as An Example 2013, 29 (29):  103-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0362 Abstract + ( 632 )   PDF ( 486378KB )   ( 475 ) The rural land comprehensive reclamation is the requirements of task about urban-rural integration development and the new countryside construction; to analyze and evaluate the rural residential reclamation potential is the prerequisite and basis of rural land comprehensive reclamation. In order to improve the scientific and feasible of land consolidation planning, provide reference for the future land rectification work, take Huayuan County as an example, through on-the-spot investigation, remote sensing interpretation, and mathematical statistics method analyzing and evaluating the rural residential reclamation potential. Research results showed that, the rural residential reclamation potential was relatively high, in 2020 the theoretical potential and realistic potential were 1458.2 hm2, 371.31 hm2, the average consolidation potential coefficient amounted to 43.78%. Each village potential difference obvious, most of them distribution in Ⅱ, Ⅲ level, large increase cultivated land area were less; landform and the level of economic development was the main factors influencing the rural potential in the region.

  A Survey and Analysis about the Study of Medium Vocational Graduates and Higher Vocational Graduates in Agricultural Vocational Colleges —— Taking Landscape Architecture of Guangdong Industry Business Polytechnic College as the Example 2013, 29 (29):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2575 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 503670KB )   ( 820 ) In order to study the similarities and differences between medium vocational graduates and higher vocational graduates in vocational college, further differentiated instruction could be applied. In this paper, questionnaires were used to study about the two sorts of students at the end of first-year course, the learning purpose and major recognition, learning confidence and course satisfaction, master the knowledge and learning about professional courses, life satisfaction and career development were contained. The results showed that both of them had well performance in learning objectives, learning interest and confidence, agreed with the professional qualification examination, thought the vocational school diploma couldn't meet their demand. Instead, time and initiative in expanding professional knowledge, professional level and career development were with poor performance. For the medium vocational graduates, teachers should focus more on their ability to expand professional knowledge, take various measures to mobilize the specialty identification and interest, and improve their confidence and patience in learning.

  The Preparation of Contour Maps of Groundwater Table in Karst Based on GMS 2013, 29 (29):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0571 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 1004302KB )   ( 634 ) In the study area, the groundwater movement is influenced by both regional water potential field and the distribution of karst pipelines. In order to reveal the properties of groundwater movement under the joint action of these two factors, a kind of GMS coupling with Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow was applied to simulate the karst system. Contour maps of groundwater table were got according to the numerical simulation results. It was found that: the groundwater flow was significantly affected by karst conduits in rainy season and unaffected in dry seasons according to contour maps of water table. This implied that the water levels lowed down the motherboard in karst tubes in dry seasons.

  Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation on Nature Reserve Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study on Bawanling National Nature Reserve 2013, 29 (29):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3096 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 724759KB )   ( 614 ) In order to fully understand the overall profile of the Bawangling National Nature Reserve, determine the protective effect, early warn ecological quality change, and provide decision-making basis for administration of nature reserve. Combining the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, a multi-layer evaluation model with factors of ecological quality, management system and socio-economic for Bawangling National Nature Reserve was established. This evaluation model was used to perform a comprehensive evaluation on the Bawangling National Nature Reserve. The results showed that: the total score of this evaluation was 89.1, which meant a good overall level and function. As for the ecological quality, the biodiversity of the Bawangling National Nature Reserve was very high, and the conservation value was quite high, but the ecological system was weak and threatened by human activity. As for the management system, most organizations of protection and management were established, but there were remain some problems, such as the poor self-support ability, insufficient funds for operation, and weak scientific and technological forces. As for the socio-economics, there were considerable cultural and scientific values in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve. The potential of development for recreational value also should be considered. Therefore, ecological tourism should be prompted to enhance the capacity for sustainable development of the Bawangling National Nature Reserve.

  Progress and Development Tendency of Land Resources Research 2013, 29 (29):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3461 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 516399KB )   ( 599 ) Land resources research, which can be divided into seven main directions such as land resource security, land resource sustainable utilization, land resource evaluation, land resource survey, land use and land cover change, land integrated consolidation and land use planning, is a very important field of natural resources research. This paper described the progress and attention content of each direction, summarized the development characteristics, pointed out the existing problems in the current research, and put forward some suggestions of research trends. They were: (1) to develop the basic theory in depth; (2) to strengthen comprehensive integrated research; (3) to pay attention to land use risk and uncertainty; (4) to improve the informationization and intelligence; (5) to combine the social and livelihood requirements closely; (6) to enhance collaboration between governments.

  Spatio-temporal Changes in Cropland Area During Important Period of the Grain-for-Green Policy in China 2013, 29 (29):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3966 Abstract + ( 950 )   PDF ( 628142KB )   ( 907 ) It is necessary to carry out the study of spatio-temporal changes in cropland area during the important period of the grain-for-green policy (1999-2008) for food security and ecological security in China. The overall characteristics of spatio-temporal changes in cropland area were analyzed using gravity center model and regional comparison method based on the provincial-level cropland change data. The results showed that: the regional reducing order of cropland area was: west>east>central; the important period of the grain-for-green policy in China could be divided into two period: the early period was characterized by the sharp decline in cropland area and the movement of cropland distribution gravity center eastwards; the later period was characterized by the slow decline in cropland area and the movement of cropland distribution gravity center northwards; the movement of cropland distribution gravity center was largely affected by ecological de-farming, agricultural structural adjustment and expansion of construction land. The results implied that the expansion of construction land onto high quality cropland was an important factor restricting the overall productivity of cropland in China, and the movement of gravity center for cropland distribution northwards might reduce the effectiveness of the grain-for-green policy.

  The Suitability Evaluation on Converting the Mild Slop of Low Mountains and Hills to Construction Land in Baiyin Area 2013, 29 (29):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3564 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 528021KB )   ( 489 ) The purpose of this research is to Provide the basis for solving the problems of shortage of urban land use and improving availability of low hill gentle slope land according to analysis the suitability to converting the mild slop of low mountains and hills to construction land in the tree counties and two districts of Baiyin Area with methods of differential regularization method and entropy method. It showed that, Jingtai County and Jingyuan County were highly suitable to convert the mild slop of low mountains and hills to construction land, and Pingchuan District Baiyin district were the medium suitable and Huining County was the lowest. Therefore, we could draw a conclusion that Jingtai County, Jingyuan County, Baiyin District and Pingchuan District had high suitability and comprehensive conditions to convert the mild slop of low mountains and hills to construction land under current circumstances. Huining County was not suitable to the development, but by taking some biological and engineering measures, Huining County could improved in regional conditions to conduct the converting program.

  The Characteristics of Cultivated Land Soil Ecological Environment Quality and Its Spatial Distribution Law in Black Soil Region of Songnen High Plain 2013, 29 (29):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0006 Abstract + ( 735 )   PDF ( 745010KB )   ( 443 ) It is of important reference value to control the characteristics of cultivated land soil ecological environment quality and spatial distribution law for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. This paper taking the typical area of Black Soil Region of Songnen High Plain-Bayan County in Heilongjiang Province as the study area, using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Nemoro comprehensive pollution index, potential ecological risk index and multi-factor synthetic evaluation model, from the two aspects of soil erosion and soil heavy metal pollution, evaluated the cultivated land soil ecological environment quality of the study area in 2009, and analyzed its characteristics and spatial distribution law. The results showed: The general characteristics of the cultivated land soil ecological environment quality in study area were that the proportion of first-class cultivated land the highest, in turn decreasing to two, three, four, five other classes, poor quality cultivated land soil was mainly affected by the influence of heavy metal pollution. Cultivated land soil ecological environment quality grade with the soil type, slope, slope length and both heavy metals pollution Cd, Hg, had a close relationship, showing obvious regional distribution law. 18 townships and towns cultivated land soil ecological environment quality grade in large differences, the cultivated land soil ecological environment quality of Wanfa town, Fujiang township and Dexiang township were best. Part of Bayan town and Xinglong town cultivated land was polluted by Hg element, part of Hongguang township cultivated land by Cd element, resulting in poor cultivated land soil ecological environment quality.

  The Research of Enhancing Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil with PASP 2013, 29 (29):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3947 Abstract + ( 807 )   PDF ( 751119KB )   ( 660 ) In order to explore the enhancing abilities of PASP during phytoremediation, laboratory simulations of soil columns were designed to research the activated ability of different concentration of polyaspartic acid (PASP) on heavy metal lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) (joining leaching quantity and blank contrast). The experiments showed that, in the concentration range, PASP’s activated ability on heavy metals increased with the increasing of PASP’s concentration. With the pot experiments, it was seen that PASP could significantly enhance the effect on corn remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil. The heights of corn that applied 11 g/L PASP was 114.4 cm, which was better than the corn that applied EDTA (110.9 cm). It was proved that the best concentration of PASP application was 3 g/L and 7 g/L, and the absorption in heavy metals was 114.829 μg and 84.662 μg for Pb, and 54.447 μg and 66.915 μg for Cd. Compared with EDTA, the absorption amount of Cd increased about 10 times as well as 3 times of Pb. Further researches were designed to derive PASP with hydrazine hydrate and ethanolamine. Leaching experiments showed that the activation effect of heavy metals could be improved with ethanolamine modified PASP, which provided a better complexing agent for the repair of soil that contaminated by heavy metals Cd and Pb.

  The Main Soil Nutrients of Xilin Gol Grassland and Evaluation 2013, 29 (29):  157-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4224 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 573432KB )   ( 911 ) To reveal the soil nutrient contents of Xilin Gol Prairie, practical data on the main soil nutrient contents from 2006 to 2011 were statistically analyzed and integrated evaluation of soil nutrients was finished on principal component theory. The result showed that the soil nutrients of Xilin Gol Grassland were mainly organic matter, the content of total N, total P and total K were 22.444 g/kg, 1.047 g/kg, 0.371 g/kg and 23 g/kg respectively, and the degree of variation of each other was moderate except total K’s little variability. The contents of soil nutrients were in the moderate level, in which contents of organic matter and total N were in the moderate level (Ⅲ), content of total P was low level (Ⅴ), and the content of was much high level (Ⅱ). The regional integrated evaluation showing that the soil nutrients of Xilinhot was the highest level and Erenhot was the lowest level; the meadow steppe was the highest following by the typical grassland and the grassland as desertification was the lowest, provided a theoretical basis for promoting the restoration of farmland to forest and pasture and the development of animal husbandry and improving the grassland productivity and reasonable utilization of grassland resources.

  The Study on the Water and Soil Loss in Different Vegetations LUO Xing-LU 2013, 29 (29):  162-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3462 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 621365KB )   ( 509 ) To investigate the impact of different vegetation on soil erosion, the soil erosions under three different vegetation of the eucalyptus forest, longan tree, mixed forest were studied in this test. The results showed that: the amount of the water, soil and soil nutrient loss ranked as follows: mountain ash forest>orchard >mixed fores. Compared with mountain ash forest, the orchard whose water, soil, available nitrogen, phosphorus potassium and organic matter in soil losses reduced by 4.43%, 96.51%, 95.29%, 96.20%, 93.00%, 96.09%; and in the mixed forest,it reduced by 5.07%, 98.79%, 98.67%, 98.74%, 98.39%, 98.74%. So, the role of conserving soil and water of the mixed forest was the strongest, the second was the longan tree, and the third was the eucalyptus.

  Influence Analysis of Groundwater and Soil in Coalstrata 2013, 29 (29):  166-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4087 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 548894KB )   ( 512 ) In order to discuss the element content and quality of groundwater and soil in coalstrata, chemical composition of groundwater and soil were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: water chemistry type of groundwater were most SO42--Ca?Mg and HCO3--Ca, in trace elements, contents of Mn was highest and its average was 4.92 mg/L; next was Zn and its average was 0.47 mg/L; the content of Cu was least and its average was 0.03 mg/L; pH of groundwater was 5.00 and belonged to acid water; average of TDS, HB, COD were 1011.44 mg/L, 659.65 mg/L, 8.33 mg/L. In trace elements of soil, the content of Cr was highest and its average was 148.00 mg/kg, next was Zn and its average was 107.76 mg/kg, the content of Cd was the least and its average was 0.43 mg/kg. Quality evaluation was showed: SO42-, Mn, Cr, Ni, pH, HB, TDS, COD were exceeded standard, comprehensive quality level was level of Ⅴ. Contents of Cu, Cd, Ni were all exceed standard, comprehensive index was 1.35 and comprehensive quality level were medium.

  Feature Analysis of Frost in Liaoyang City from 1956 to 2010 2013, 29 (29):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3712 Abstract + ( 770 )   PDF ( 730669KB )   ( 548 ) In order to provide some scientific basis for the agricultural production and disaster prevention and mitigation in Liaoyang City, based on the daily minimum temperature date at Liaoyang Meteorological Station from 1956 to 2010, the impact of frost on the cropper at Liaoyang was analyzed and the characters of frost were studied by using the linear trend method. The results showed that: (1) the average dates of first and the last frost events were October 13th and April 16th, and the average frost-free period was 179 d. (2) It was found that the dates of first frost event delay with decade, while the last frost event advance overall, and the last ones delay only in 1980s. (3) The linear trend rates of first and last frost events and the frost-free period were 1.7 d/10 a, -1.2 d/10 a and 3.0 d/10 a, and the change trends of them were all significant above 0.05. (4) There was scarcely effect of frost in the normal years on the cropper, but in some years, the first or last frost events might occur in the period before the rice mature or the period of maize seedling-coming, and people should prevent it.

  Study of Frost Monitoring Model: Taking Hunan as an Example 2013, 29 (29):  175-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4068 Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 1252545KB )   ( 485 ) In order to realize the frost fine monitoring and forecast by using the observed data of regional meteorological stations and high resolution numerical prediction product, based on meteorological observation data of daily minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind, sunshine, total cloud cover, weather phenomenon of 97 ground meteorological stations in Hunan Province from the time the stations were established to April 2012, on the analysis of frost formation based on the meteorological conditions, the frost monitoring model was established. And the model was compared with frost observation results. It showed that in the days the minimum temperature less than or equal to 3℃ condition, the accuracy of frost simulation was improved by considering different meteorological elements critical threshold value; the error between the established frost monitoring model and frost observations was less than that with general monitoring indicators; the spatial distribution pattern and decadal changing trendency of the first frost date and ending date, frost-free period, frost days simulated were mainly consistent with observations, and the model can be used in frost monitoring and forecasting.

  Analysis of the Last Frost Periodicity and Its Mutation Characteristics of Shanxi Province in 1961-2010 2013, 29 (29):  183-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0281 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 1631278KB )   ( 564 ) Based on each year’s last frost date data and each day’s minimum ground temperature data of 62 meteorological stations in Shanxi Province from 1961 to 2010, the last frost date change characteristics and its periodicity of Shanxi Province were analyzed with Morlet analysis and Mutation test method. The results showed that: the average last frost date of Shanxi Province had an advancing trend with obvious fluctuations. Except during 1980-1989 and the time from 2005 to 2010, the average last frost dates all had advancing trend. The first decade of this century was the period that the average last frost date of Shanxi fluctuated smartly. The Morlet analysis results showed that, the main periodicity of the mild last frost, the moderate last frost and the severe last frost were 15 years, 12 years, 7 years, the secondary periodicity of the mild last frost, the moderate last frost and the severe last frost were 1 year, 1 year, 5 years. Now, Shanxi was at the stage when the mild last frost occurs in advance but the moderate and severe last frosts shift to later dates. It was found with M-K mutation test that the average last frost date of Shanxi Province had an obvious mutation in 1990, and the last frost dates of most stations in Shanxi Province had mutations, the mutation time were concentrated from 1975 to 1996, and the spatial distribution of the mutations over Shanxi Province showed as follows: the South was earlier than the North, the Central was earlier than the East and the West. Most mutations occurred in 1980s, the Midwest, Northwest, Northeast and Mideast regions were the latest areas.

  The Characteristics of Water Resources in the Air and Analysis on Exploitation Potential in Tangshan Area 2013, 29 (29):  190-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0488 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 661143KB )   ( 463 ) In order to realize the characteristics of cloud water resources, develop efficiently it and serve the industrial and agricultural production, the author used 56 years surface vapor pressure data and raining data of 11 stations in Tangshan and the GPS data, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitable water and precipitation efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that: water resource in the air was abundant and the exploitation potential was great. Annual precipitable water in Tangshan was 6914.2 mm, the natural precipitation efficiency was 8.9%; the precipitable water of Tangshan increased gradually from north to south, the distribution of precipitation and precipitation efficiency was opposite with the precipitable water; the interdecadal variation of them was not obvious, annual precipitable water increased slightly, but the natural precipitation efficiency declined slightly; the distribution characteristics in month and season of them was similar; the monthly distribution of them was unimodal; they are maximum in July, but they were minimum in January; the precipitable water and the natural precipitation efficiency were maximum in summer, they were lower in spring and autumn, they were minimum in winter.

  Aerological Analysis on Once Fog in the Northern Anhui 2013, 29 (29):  195-200.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1200 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 937080KB )   ( 659 ) Based on conventional weather maps, automatic weather station observations, radiosonde stations in upper-air data, the author analyzed the persistent fog which happened in 7th to 9th, January, 2009 in northern Anhui, to investigate the cause of the fog. The results showed that: the fog type was advection fog, shifted to the warm and humid air from the southwest encountered the cold advection under the control of the underlying surface, the rapid cooling of air caused condensation generated; intersection of cold and warm advection was the formation of stratospheric on the basis of the fog, the larger temperature difference between a large number of slow-moving warm air and cold advection control the underlying surface was the objective conditions for the formation of advection fog; near surface layer 1-5 m/s the southwest wind or westerly wind, a steady stream transport of water vapor, was conducive to the generation of fog and continuous; 925 hpa below the level, there were 1-2℃ temperature inversion, could stop up the water vapor layer, the formation of fog was not easy to dissipate.

  Impact Factors of the Summer Low Temperature Event in the Northeast China and Their Relationship 2013, 29 (29):  201-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0518 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 1312256KB )   ( 542 ) In order to study the relationship between summer low temperature in the northeast China and El Nino, and the variation trend and influential factors of the relationship. Based on the monthly mean temperature data of 26 observational stations in the northeast China during 1951-2011, the impact factors of the summer low temperature event in the northeast China were analyzed. Results showed that: the impact factors respectively were: general atmospheric circulation, east Asian summer monsoon, El Nino, PDO and solar activity. Solar activity, El Nino and PDO were the leading impact factors. Before 1977, PDO showed cold phase, so the east pattern El Nino appeared easily. The east pattern El Nino usually led to low summer temperature in the northeast China. During 1978-2005, PDO showed warm phase, and the middle pattern El Nino took place easily, so the trend of low summer temperature event would be significantly weakened. Totally, El Nino could significantly influence the low summer temperature event in the northeast China, but there relationship was very complicated. All the impact factors influenced the low summer temperature event jointly.

  Variation Characteristics of the Date Spring Temperature Above Critical Temperature Stably 2013, 29 (29):  208-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0793 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 1898593KB )   ( 655 ) In order to grasp the variation characteristics of the date spring temperature above critical temperature stably, to make preparation for the forecast. Based on the daily mean temperature data of 53 observational stations in Liaoning during 1961-2010, we calculated the dates on which Liaoning spring temperatures above 5℃ and 8℃ stably. Then the spatial and temporal features of the dates on which Liaoning spring temperatures above 5℃ and 8℃ stably were analyzed. Results showed that: the first pattern of EOF showed that the abnormal of the dates are consistent; the dates of the temperature above 5℃ and 8℃ stably in spring in Liaoning Province appeared earlier and earlier during 1961 to 2010; the standard deviation of the dates are uniform; the mutation points of the dates on which Liaoning spring temperatures above 5℃ and 8℃ stably are 1981 and 1993; the cyclic characteristics of the dates on which Liaoning spring temperatures above 5℃ and 8℃ stably are 4 a and 2 a; the dates on which Liaoning spring temperatures above 5℃ and 8℃ stably showed obvious area feature.

  An Analysis of the Impact of Regional Economic Development on Weather Information Needs of Farmers:A Case Study of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and He’nan 2013, 29 (29):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3808 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 625404KB )   ( 457 ) Taking the example of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and He’nan, the author investigated the content of rural weather information and the way in getting it, summarized the characteristics of their present situations and needs, and analyzed the impact of regional economic development on them. It was concluded that: the rural weather information needs showed obvious differences between developed provinces and underdeveloped provinces, and that there were gaps between the present situation and needs. Furthermore, it was indicated that three measures might be taken to improve the good effect of the weather information construction in rural areas.