Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.30 Published:25 October 2013

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  Research Advances in the Effects of Rotation on Cropland Weeds 2013, 29 (30):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2915 Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 567907KB )   ( 712 ) The effects of rotation on cropland weeds have aroused extensive attention of scholars. In order to better clarify the roles of rotation in weed management, this paper described the related researches from the aspects of the crop rotation effects on weed communities and weed seed bank, and summarized the main features and problems in existing studies. At the same time, the possible mechanisms of the rotation effects on cropland weeds were analyzed, and the possible reasons for the problems in the courses of the studies were proposed. Also, this article prospected the future research directions. The in-depth studies of weed communities and weed seed bank dynamic regular pattern under different rotation conditions are the focus of future researches. Attention should be paid to the unity of the research methods and the improvement of the key technologies in the study courses. The research of key mechanism and applied research are the future research development directions.

  Research progress on drought stress responsive transcription factors in crops 2013, 29 (30):  10-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4125 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 742434KB )   ( 635 ) Many trans-acting factors are core regulators of gene expression and drought stress responses. Transcription factors function as regulons for structural changes of specific tissue, osmoprotectant accumulation and cellular homeostasis maintenance by ABA-independent regulatory system and ABA-dependent regulatory system during the process of perception, transduction and modulating the expression of related genes to improve drought resistance. A large number of transcription factor families have been identified in different crop species. Here, we made a review in four transcription factors which have been researched a lot in crops, that are AP2/ERF、NAC、MYB and WRKY. We mainly focus on their regulatory networks and mechanism. Critical problems need to be solved are put forward at the end of this review.

  Study on allelopathic effects of extracts of different kinds of straw and green manure on rice 2013, 29 (30):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2859 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 687389KB )   ( 638 ) Allelopathy of extracts from different kinds of straw and green manure was examined to provide the reference for straw and green manure application in the rice field. By using the incubation experiment, the effects of extracts of rice straw, rape straw, wheat straw, Chinese milk and Chinese milk mixed with rape on rice germination and seedling biomass were studied. The results showed that rice straw, rape straw, wheat straw, Chinese milk and Chinese milk mixed with rape had no effect on the germination rate of rice, but could delay the progress of germination. Different extracts at all the concentrations significantly promoted the seedling fresh weight. Extracts of rice straw, rape straw, wheat straw, Chinese milk and Chinese milk mixed with rape at different concentrations increased the seedling fresh weight as high as 16.84%, 6.72%, 17.50%, 16.13%, 25.84%, respectively. The sensitive index of rice straw, rape straw, wheat straw, Chinese milk, Chinese milk mixed with rape straw were 4.70%, 4.10%, 7.96%, 0.94%, 5.20%, respectively. All kinds of straw and green manure showed favorable allelopathic on rice, Chinese milk mixed with rape straw displayed better than Chinese milk vetch or rape alone.

  Effects of Controlled-release Compound Fertilizer on Growth of Paddy Rice 2013, 29 (30):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0333 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 616852KB )   ( 613 ) In order to provide scientific evidence for the production and safety application of the special controlled-release fertilizer for paddy rice, field experiment was conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer on paddy rice yield, fertilizer utilization and economic benefit. The results indicated that: compared with common fertilization, there was no significant difference on the height and lamina chlorophyll content of paddy rice under controlled-release compound fertilizations with various nutrient proportions and different fertilization. Based on the same application of fertilizers, the level of soil nutrient was higher under controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments than under common fertilizations, controlled-release compound fertilization increased the content of N, P and K in paddy rice 5.0%-20.3%, 2.7%-40.8%, -8.2%-39.9%, respectively. The yield of paddy rice increased up to 6.90%-15.3% under controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments. The utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers was 6.07%-29.91%, 41.86%-85.57%, 38.57%-95.43%, respectively. The income of paddy rice under controlled-release compound fertilizer enhanced 537-1296 yuan/hm2 in comparison with common fertilization. Controlled-release compound fertilizer could effectively simplified the cultivation techniques of paddy rice, and special controlled release fertilizer for paddy rice should be developed and promoted actively.

  The Research of Risk Zoning of Rice Frost Disaster Under the Climate Warming in Heilongjiang Province 2013, 29 (30):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4033 Abstract + ( 800 )   PDF ( 927491KB )   ( 590 ) In order to reduce the loss of the rice frost disaster, achieve the frost disaster risk management, and to provide a scientific basis for the rational distribution of agricultural production, the authors used the climate data, geographic information and the economy data, the early frost disaster risk and the vulnerability of rice were analyzed, the framework for early frost disaster risk assessment and regionalization was built based on the GIS technology, the characteristics of early frost disaster were also analyzed under the background of climate warming. The results showed that, the rice early frost disaster could be divided into 5 grades according to the hazard and the vulnerability of natural disaster bodies. Each grade regions were different due to the different type of impact factors. Climate warming makes the early frost disasters occurrence decreases, but the climate conditions instability and the adaptability of the human behavior made the potential danger of frost disasters increased.

  Genetic Diversity and Correlation Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters in Foreign Wheat Varieties in Yunnan 2013, 29 (30):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3186 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 561275KB )   ( 506 ) In order to improve the ability of wheat breeding in Yunnan Province, this article studied variety genetic diversity and correlation analysis of the varieties introduced from abroad and population to a large area in nearly 50 years in Yunnan Province. The results indicated that, the frequency distribution of spike shape, hull color, grain color, grain quality, full degree was concentrated, genetic diversity was low. Growth period, seedlings, the highest tiller number, effective panicles, effective tiller, plant height, grain number per spike, spike length, spikelet number, nor spikelet number, 1000-grain weight, empty grain number, grain weight per liter, yield had greater coefficient of variability, range from 1.22% to 28.36%, all agronomic traits tested showed great diversity indexes, ranging from 1.4105 to 2.0381 with an average of 1.7321, which showed this 13 germplasm had great diversity. Seedlings was significantly and positively related to maximum tiller number, effective spike, the correlation coefficient was respectively 0.555, 0.76. The highest number of tillers and effective spike was highly significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient was 0.66, basic seedling was the basis of tiller number and effective spike, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight, basic seedling is significant negative correlation, the correlation coefficient is respectively 0.66, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight, basic seedling was a yield paradox, yield was positively correlated with basic seedling, maximum tiller number, effective tiller, 1000-grain weight, growth period was positive, significantly negatively to empty grain number, the correlation coefficient was -0.63. Therefore, without affecting the rotation under the premise, choosing a longer growing variety, appropriately increase the seeding quantity, improve the basic seedling, strengthen field management, promote tillering, increase the rate of useful spike and 1000-grain weight, reduce empty grains was an useful method to obtain high yield.

  Induced Chromosome Translocation by Hybridized between Wheat-Rye Disomic Substitution Lines 2013, 29 (30):  41-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3887 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 753928KB )   ( 547 ) Abstract: Hybridization between Wheat-rye disomic substitution is an important way to induce wheat-rye translocation, which has important theory value and practical significance. In this study, DS1R/1D and DS5R/5A, DS6R/6A was hybridized. The results showed that F1 had 19 bivalents and 4 univalents in meiosis, homoeologous chromosome pairing and chromosome translocation phenomenon appeared；In F2，24 common wheat types with rye traits plants were detected by genome in situ hybridization and obtained 10 plants with chromosomal translocation, and the translocation frequency was 41.6%. Translocation lines was 06-16-7,06-16-3,06-16-5,06-16-7,06-16-8,06-17-7,0617-11,06-17-15,06-17-16 and 06-18-5,respectively. Because parent selection and testing plant had a definite purpose, translocation plants could have a practical applications.

  Effects of Nitrogen Application Level on Nitrogen Absorption and Efficiency of Maize ‘Qianxing201’ 2013, 29 (30):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3507 Abstract + ( 626 )   PDF ( 482229KB )   ( 451 ) Try to find the proper level of the nitrogen application for the high yield corn in Guizhou Province by studying the affection of the nitrogen absorption and the usage efficiency at the different levels of nitrogen application, using ‘Qianxing201’ as experimental material. The results showed that, the crop yield was increasing while increasing the quantity of nitrogen, it reached the highest when applied nitrogen at 450 kg/hm2. When applied nitrogen at 225-450 kg/hm2 the ear get the highest portion of nitrogen accumulate compare with leaf and stem, and physiological efficiency was high and stable. The nitrogen recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency were decreasing while increasing the quantity of nitrogen. It was good combination on the yield and nitrogen efficiency when applied nitrogen between 225 kg/hm2 and 450 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Applying Saline-alkali Soil Amendments in Different Seasons on Silage Maize Growth in Saline-alkali Soils of the River Irrigation Region 2013, 29 (30):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2643 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 529269KB )   ( 482 ) The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of applying saline-alkali soil amendments on saline-alkali soils and on silage maize growth in different seasons (Spring or Autumn) in the river irrigation region, analysis the changes of pH, EC and alkalinity in the soils (0-20 cm). The field experiment using silage maize (Zea mays L. cv. Ruide 2) as trial crop was conducted to investigate the effects of applying Desulfurized gypsum, Guo-chan DS, and Desulfurized gypsum + Guo-chan DS in spring and autumn on the emergence rate and fresh yield in the severe soda saline-alkali soil. The results showed that, after application of soil amendments, the emergence rate of silage maize was increased by 6.8%-72.7%, fresh yield of silage maize was increased by 1223.2-28144.8 kg/hm2, soil pH reduced 0.09-0.83, EC value enhanced 0.13-1.26 mS/cm and alkalinity declined 1.6%-19.8% compared to the control. The emergence rate and fresh yield of silage maize was significantly increased after application of Desulfurized gypsum, and Desulfurized gypsum + Guo-chan DS in both autumn and spring. Application soil amendments in autumn had better effect of improving saline-alkali soils than in spring. The application in autumn of Desulfurized gypsum + Guo-chan DS had the best effect of improving saline-alkali soils among three soil amendments.

  Study on the Change of Starch Content in different Parts of Stem Apex of Sweet Potato Variety ‘Baishu No.1’ 2013, 29 (30):  60-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0521 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 543297KB )   ( 716 ) Researching into starch content of stem apex in leaf-vegetable sweet potato, providing the theory basis for its rational use. Using leaf-vegetable sweet potato variety ‘Baishu No.1’ as materials, research on the change rules of starch content in different parts of stem apex of sweet potato and different harvesting period. The results showed that: there were significant difference of starch content in stem apex, leaf, stem and petiole in different picking time. The average starch content in different parts from big to small order was stem > leaf > petiole. The coefficient of variation descending order was leaf > stem > petiole. The highest the starch content of leaf occurred in first picking stage, and the lowest starch content occurred in the second picking stage. From first to fourth picking stage, starch content in leaves showed high → low → high → low trend. After the fourth stage, gradually increasing trend. The maximum of starch content in stem was occurred in seventh picking stage, the third picking stage was the lowest. Starch content of petiole in the picking stage of 1 to 3 was a slow downward trend as well as the stage of 4 to 6. The highest starch content of petiole was at 6 picking stage; the lowest was at 3 picking stage. Starch content of petiole in the picking stage 1 to 3 decreased slowly; but at stage 3 to 6, the starch content increased gradually; at stage 6 to 7, the starch content showed a rapid downward trend. There was a complex relationship between the change trend of starch content in leaves, stems and petiole, but showed a part of correlation.

  Effects of magnetic field on the germination of Perilla frutescens seeds 2013, 29 (30):  64-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0342 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 709278KB )   ( 532 ) In this research, Perilla frutescens seeds were treated with different magnetic field intensity for 0h、1h、2h、3h、4h and 5h respectively. The results showed that the seed germination rate gradually increased as the treatment time prolonged for 20.9mT, the highest germination reached 89% for 3h with magnetic field treatment; When seeds were treated with magnetic field for 42.5mT, the seed germination rate reached more than 90% in all treatment time, far higher than that of the control; this result indicated that it was benefit for perilla frutescens seed germination with magnetic field treatment for 42.5mT; with the magnetic field for 42.5mT, plant height, root length and root number reached maximum at 3h; the POD and nitrate reductase activity increased obviously after the magnetic treatment for 3h; all these results demonstrated that the optional dealing-time was 3h for perilla frutescens seeds with magnetic field for 42.5mT strength.

  A Rapid DNA Extraction Method from Dry Beet Seeds For PCR 2013, 29 (30):  69-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3551 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 586469KB )   ( 427 )

  Risk Assessment of Meteorological Yield in Yellow River Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia 2013, 29 (30):  73-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0389 Abstract + ( 644 )   PDF ( 629919KB )   ( 478 ) In order to recognize the risk of nature disaster on crop yield, the yield of four crops within 12 countries during 1953 to 2011 had analyzed. In this study 5a liner moving average model was used to calculate the meteorological trend yield, the coefficient of variation, the average annual yield reduction rate, the probability of risk and the integrated risk index, the risk on crop yield had analyze. The results showed that the risk index of grain yield was the minimum and sunflower was the maximum in the four corps. Jungar Banner’s Risk indexes was higher than other district. There was no significant regional difference in the minimum risk indexes of four crops. The probability of yield increase district was more than decrease one.

  Research of Suitable Sowing Time and Seeding Quantity of ‘Zhengmai7698’ in North Henan 2013, 29 (30):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0442 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 640872KB )   ( 481 ) In order to clarify the suitable combination of sowing time and seeding quantity to make it match with good breed, and better encourage Fertility of ‘Zhengmai7698’ in north Henan, we studied yield formation under different sowing time and seeding quantity. The results showed that: with the sowing time delay, efficient panicle of unit-acreage reduced, kernel number increased, sowing time was not significant affect on grain weight, with the delayed sowing, yield gradually reduced. With the increase of seeding quantity, efficient panicle of unit-acreage increased, kernel number reduced, sowing time was not significant affect on grain weight, the highest seeding quantity treatment (225 kg/hm2) had the maximum yield. The combination of ‘Zhengmai 7698’ had the highest yield for sowing time was October 10th, sowing quantity was 225 kg/hm2, when sowing time was October 10th, and sowing quantity was 187.5 kg/hm2, the yield was second. According to the grain yield of all the combinations of sowing time and planting density, October 5th to 10th was the best sowing time of ‘Zhengmai 7698’ in north Henan, with the seeding quantity was about 225 kg/hm2.

  Analysis of Climate Change and the Impacts on Yield of Winter Wheat in Suzhou in Anhui Province 2013, 29 (30):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3043 Abstract + ( 705 )   PDF ( 705842KB )   ( 605 ) In order to reveal the law of climate change in Suzhou, use scientifically the agro-climatic resources , and promote the high and stable yield of winter wheat, based on yield of winter wheat and climate date from 1954 to 2008, climate change and the impacts on yield of winter wheat were analyzed in Suzhou. The results showed that, the average annual temperature had fluctuantly increased, the change rate was 0.36℃ per 10 years, the time of temperature change suddenly was 1994, the accumulative temperature above 10℃ increased by 94.7℃ per 10 years. The average annual precipitation was 880.5 mm. The duration of sunshine had fluctuantly decreased, the change rate was -52 per 10 years. The climate yield of winter wheat was “w” curve, it was lower from 1960 to 1969 and higher in later 2000, the lowest year was 1998, and the climate yield was positive later 1998.

  Effects of Fertilizer Reduction on Wheat Cultivation with the Application of Biological Bacterial Fertilizer 2013, 29 (30):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3225 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 576133KB )   ( 475 ) In order to change the high status of fertilizer application amount in the grain production, the experiment with single factor design to study the feasibility of reducing fertilizer application by using the bio-fertilizer on wheat in Hexi oasis. The results showed that, using the bio-fertilizer could improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, water and light energy. Because of the biological fertilizer combined application, when fertilizer application amount was reduced to 15% and 30% on the current high fertilization level (N: 180 kg/hm2, P2O5: 90 kg/hm2), wheat yield was 6428 kg/hm2 and 5943 kg/hm2, nitrogen utilization rate was 30.75% and 31.66%, phosphorus utilization rate was 22.65% and 22.74%, water use efficiency was 1.26 kg/m3 and 1.18 kg/m3, light energy utilization rate of growth period was 0.69% and 0.68%. Trials had been obtained which was feasible that the usage of fertilizer reduced the magnitude of less than 15% in actual production under the condition of with the application of high-quality biological fertilizer.

  Cultivation and Application of Wheat Varieties ‘Yangmai 20’ with High Yield and Eurytopicity 2013, 29 (30):  96-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3437 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 525792KB )   ( 656 ) In order to get the high yield and eurytopic wheat variety, and meet the demands for weak gluten wheat industry development in the south wheat area, the new variety ‘Yangmai 20’ was breed by the comprehensive breeding technology route. In different annual test, the variety showed excellent comprehensive characters, and middle resistance to Powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight, wheat sharp eyespot happened lightly, and higher yield increased range from 3.4% to 12.4% compared with the wheat variety ‘Yangmai 158’, and main quality characters accorded with national weak gluten wheat standard. To a large extent this variety breeding and popularization has solved the problems of high yield and eurytopic wheat in the south wheat area, will further promote the wheat production level and relevant industries.

  Effects on Agronomic Characteristics and Yield of Maize Planting Density 2013, 29 (30):  100-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4085 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 589441KB )   ( 613 ) In order to study the impact of planting density of major agronomic characteristics and yield of different maize varieties field, choose a local representative of the 3 maize varieties by split plot design, The results showed that, the suitable planting density of ‘Yu QingYu3’ was 45000-52500 strain/hm2 in Chongqing, yield reached a maximum of 12506.25 kg/hm2; the suitable planting density of ‘Yu Dan 16’ was 52500-60000 strain/hm2 in Chongqing area, yield reached a maximum of 11255.7 kg/hm2; the suitable planting density of ‘Yu Nuo851’ was 52500-60000 strain/hm2. The yield reached a maximum of 9209.1 kg/hm2. The same species in different density yield first increased and then decreased. Explain planting density did not reach the varieties play a high yield potential density on production. Therefore, the Chongqing area could be appropriately increased planting density.

  Effect of Nitrogen Dosage on source-sink Relationship, Yield and Quality in Super Early Type Soybean 2013, 29 (30):  105-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0479 Abstract + ( 573 )   PDF ( 528665KB )   ( 413 ) In order to optimize cultivating technologies for soybean production in super early type of soybean varieties, effects of nitrogen level on source-sink relationship and yield and quality were researched in present paper. By setting different nitrogen application rate, measured changes in different growth stages sources and libraries of various organs of the ultra - early maturing soybean varieties ‘Heihe 44’. The main results showed that, as nitrogen usage increased, the yield and protein content were improved and oil content descended. Added nitrogen usage doze accelerate accumulation of fresh and dried leaves weight and lessen the rate of aging and falling up of leaf. Under higher nitrogen usage, dried weight of stem were increased in the whole growth period and fresh stem weight increased at flowering and pod bearing stage and descended at seedling stage. Dried root weight accumulation were slowed by added nitrogen usage in whole growth period, fresh root weight accumulation were accelerated at stage of flower bud differentiation and aging rate were lowered at seed filling period and full ripe stage. Fresh pod wall weight increased and dried pod wall decreased as the nitrogen dosage increased. Fresh and dried seed weight increased by added nitrogen dosage.

  Effect of Various Amount of Fertilizer Planting and Densities on Yield of ‘Lunuo 8’ 2013, 29 (30):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3353 Abstract + ( 719 )   PDF ( 529020KB )   ( 477 ) In order to determine the ‘Lunuo8’ high yield and high efficiency cultivation adaptation of planting density and fertilizer application amount, we use population physiology methods, by two factors and four levels combination experiment design, studied the effect of different planting density and fertilizer on waxy sorghum hybrid ‘Lunuo8’ yield. The results showed that, the density was lower than that of the 112500 strains/hm2, hybrid glutinous sorghum production and increase with the increase of density; but if more than 112500 strains/hm2, hybrid glutinous sorghum production and with the increase of density and reduce. When the amount of nitrogen under pure nitrogen at 187.5 kg/hm2, hybrid glutinous sorghum production with increasing nitrogen rate increased significantly, when the nitrogen content was higher than 187.5 kg/hm2, hybrid glutinous sorghum production with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount without significant increase production. As the density increased, the hybrid glutinous sorghum grain number per spike, grain weight, pour 5 leaf area, stem diameter was significantly reduced (small), plant height were significantly higher. As the density increases, the hybrid glutinous sorghum grain number per spike, grain weight, pour 5 leaf area, stem diameter was significantly reduced, plant height was significantly higher. With the increase of nitrogen application amount, hybrid glutinous sorghum grain number per spike, 5 leaf area, stem diameter increased with increasing, 1000-grain weight increased first and then decreased. When the amount of nitrogen than pure nitrogen at 150 kg/hm2, plant height with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount and reduce. Thus, when the planting density of 112500 strains/hm2, the fertilization was pure nitrogen at 187.5 kg/hm2, A3B3 for the most appropriate.

  An Analysis of Quantitative Relationships Between the Planting Density and Yield in Spring Foxtail Millet 2013, 29 (30):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3779 Abstract + ( 525 )   PDF ( 838481KB )   ( 439 ) For science forecast that the suitable planting density of the foxtail millet, explores the mathematical prediction model of the foxtail millet planting density and grain yield. The main density on crop yield empirical model, a few fitting models were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and nonlinear regression analysis. The results showed that, the foxtail millet planting density on grain yield had important influence. The trend of foxtail millet grain yield with planting density increase was first increased then decreased. Through the model simulation and comparison, quadratic curve model was considered the optimal model that the foxtail millet density and yield relate. Predicted equation of spring sowing ‘Jigu 19’ and ‘Jigu 31’ respectively were yj19=2725.528+86.885x-0.701x2 and yj31=1289.529+131.318x-1.023x2, theoretically optimum density respectively were 619700 plants/hm2 and 641800 plants/hm2. This study had established a mathematical prediction model, which would provide the theoretical foundation for the spring foxtail millet production.

  Effect of B, Zn Fertilizer on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution and Yield of Broomcorn Millet 2013, 29 (30):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0686 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 708724KB )   ( 543 ) To explore the best combination of millet which nitrogen, phosphorus, boron and zinc concentration, it can provide a theoretical reference to optimize cultivation techniques and improve yield. The local red broomcorn millet was used as the studied material, and the effect of different gradient zinc and boron treatment on yield, grain filling rate, dry matter mobility and transport rate of broomcorn millet was studied through randomized complete block design. The results showed that, B2 treatment had the highest yield; it was 5300.80 kg/hm2. We also found that supply B2 or Zn2 alone was good than B plus with Zn, it showed an increase in yield compared with contrast were 14.63% and 11.52%, respectively; after 14 days after blossom, the grain filling reached a maximum, B2 treatment had prominent effect compared with the other treatment; the dry matter mobile rate in leaf was higher than stem, the transport rate in stem was higher than leaf; B2 treatment had the most predominant effect in stem and leaf transport rate, it was 41.55% and 22.23%; millet supplied with the B was good than Zn treatment in dry matter output, grain contribution rate and yield during the whole period. Adding boron and zinc fertilizer significantly increased the output rate and dry material transfer rate, in favor of broomcorn millet yield increase, especially the boron fertilizer was the best.

  Studies on the Effects of Mechanization Cultivation in Different Planting Patterns on the Physical and Chemical Character of Soil and the Root Tubers Yield of Cassava LUO Xing-LU 2013, 29 (30):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0422 Abstract + ( 615 )   PDF ( 553829KB )   ( 484 ) This study investigated the effects of mechanization cultivation in different planting patterns on the physical and chemical character of soil and the root tubers yield of cassava. The cassava cultivar SC205 was used as material, and the planting patterns of wide-narrow row, equidistant row and small row spacing-large plant spacing were compared in this study. The physical and chemical character of soil and the root tubers yield of cassava were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that, compared with the planting patterns of the equidistant row and small row spacing-large plant spacing, the planting patterns of wide-narrow row not only could decrease the soil unit weight, increase the holes percent of soil, promote microbe activity in the soil, increase the contents of soil available N, P, K, but also promote the germination percentage, promote the stems and leaves of cassava growth, increase the yield of cassava. Besides, compared with the planting patterns of the equidistant row which had the same plant density with wide-narrow row, the planting patterns of wide-narrow row those the soil unit weight decreased by 2.56%, the holes percent of soil increased by 2.87%, and the yield of cassava increased by 8.07%. This showed that the planting patterns of wide-narrow row was adapted to the mechanization cultivation in cassava, it was valued in further experiment, demonstration and promotion.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Quality in Coastal Region of Hebei Province 2013, 29 (30):  136-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4171 Abstract + ( 650 )   PDF ( 652325KB )   ( 728 ) This study was to systematically comprehend soil quality status in coastal region of Hebei Province, and acquire management measures to improve soil quality. With the application of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method and GIS technology, fuzzy synthetic evaluation and classification of regional soil quality was conducted, and spatial patterns of synthetic evaluation results of regional soil quality was obtained. The results indicated that, soil quality status of farmland across the study area was generally low, soil organic matter and N nutrient was low, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium were abundant, content of total salt was up to the standard of medium saline soil, groundwater depth was shallower and degree of mineralizations was higher. Soil salinity, groundwater mineralization and depth were limiting factors of soil quality. Soil quality status differed significantly at different administrative region of the study area, coefficient variation of pH value was the smallest, while coefficient variation of total salt content was the biggest, the spatial pattern of soil quality was similar to that of total salt content. The region of poor soil quality was in the Middle East of Cangzhou coast and south of Tangshang coast, which the area occupied 5.3% of total farmland in the study area. The soil quality map can be used for the improvement of moderate-and-low-yield farmlands, comprehensive treatment of saline-alkali soil in our study area. The pattern of ladder second advance should be taken, which firstly halophytes were planted, then economic plants. Soil quality was improved through gradual improvement of the physicochemical properties of soil. Comprehensive mastering soil quality status of the area should provide a theoretical reference to improvement and scientific distribution of alkaline land in coastal region of Hebei Province.

  Study on Releasing Properties of Controlled-release Urea Coated by Industrial Lignin 2013, 29 (30):  143-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2875 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 649417KB )   ( 533 ) To explore the properties of slow-release fertilizer coated by natural wood powder, experiments were conducted including the variable quantity such as temperature, pH and the storage time. Results showed that nutrient accumulation-release curves of coating slow-release fertilizer was "S" type, the nutrient accumulation-release of 28 days was 73.77%, nutrient micro-release ratios was 1.83% and theoretical release time was 50.25 days. The release of nutrients was accelerated by temperature. Releasing of N was promoted by a H+ and OH-. Slow release fertilizer was in the best performance when is placed at room temperature time within 30 days.

  Construction of Cytochrome b5 Nuclear Expression Vectors and Transformation in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii 2013, 29 (30):  148-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0880 Abstract + ( 904 )   PDF ( 1740430KB )   ( 511 ) The pSAD transit peptide gene, Cytochrome b5 gene and eGFP gene are cloned by PCR technique.Nuclear expression vectors were constructed based on the vectors pMD18-T,pET-28a and pDBle,cyt b5 gene and the fusion genes bG and TbG were inserted into pDBle.The recombinant plasmid pDBle-b5,pDBle-bG and pDBle-TbG were checked by restriction enzyme analysis,PCR and nucleic acid sequencing.The vectors were transferred into Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii(CW15) by glass beads and the transformants were identified with PCR.The transgenic Chlamydomonas were obtained after selecting with zeocin and they were confirmed positive by PCR amplification.PCR analysis of the genomic DNA from transgenic Chlamydomonas showed that the recombinant plasmids have integrated into Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii(CW15) genome.

  Effects of Salt on DNA Methylation of Menthae spicatae L. Qiangli Guo Zicheng Wang 2013, 29 (30):  159-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3871 Abstract + ( 715 )   PDF ( 968636KB )   ( 575 ) Salinity is a limiting factor in agricultural production.The objectives of this research were to assess the effect of salt treatment on the development as well as genomic DNA methylation levels and patterns of Menthae spicatae L. When Menthae spicatae L were treated by salt for 20 days, the chlorophyll content were significantly reduced, whereas the MDA and Pro content increased as the concentration of salt increased. AFLP technique did not detect any sequence change, and it means salt have minimal or no mutagenicity in Menthae spicatae L. MSAP technique showed that the ratio of DNA methylation was reduced at concentrations of 50 mmol/L salt and increased at the concentrations of 100 and 150mmol/L salt; the ratio of methylation and demethylation of Menthae spicatae L genomic DNA at salt concentrations of 50, 100, and 150mmol/L was 4.35%、9.93%、12.46% and 12.73%、13.12%、20.54%. Key words: Menthae spicatae L, DNA methylation, salt

  Prediction of Protein Secondary Structure Based on Quantum Multiple Population Genetic Algorithm 2013, 29 (30):  166-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3550 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 655669KB )   ( 470 ) In order to improve the prediction accuracy of protein secondary structure, quantum computation and multiple population genetic algorithms were added to the traditional genetic neural network algorithm. At the same time, the chemical and physical properties of amino acid residues was the main driving force to form protein secondary structure, and the conformational preference also greatly affected the formation of protein secondary structure, so a new coding method based on physical and chemical properties and conformation information was presented. This coding method which contains rich biological information could effectively reduce the uncertainty of the network system. This model was employed to predict 24 non homologous protein sequences in PDBSelect25. The result showed that this proposed model improved the prediction accuracy to 72.10%, increasing the prediction accuracy by 7.80%, 3.70% and 3.41% respectively compared with SNN, DSC and PREDSATOR method. In this new method, based on mixed coding and quantum computation, the multiple population genetic algorithms drove the quantum computation and the quantum computation feed back the multiple population genetic algorithms. This kind of drive and feed back mechanism could effectively improve the prediction accuracy of protein secondary structure.

  The Optimal Desulfurization Conditions of Desulfurization Strain with High Dibenzothiophene Degradation Ability 2013, 29 (30):  173-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3727 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 881440KB )   ( 584 ) Abstract: A desulfurization strain HDBS-1 was selected which can degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT)，which was identified as Enterobacter sakazakii. This strain can convert dibenzothiophene to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) through specific desulfurization pathway. The best desulfurization conditions have been researched for getting a higher ability Desulfurization strain .w e find the best optimum conditions are that the cultures containing 25mL in every 250mL medium, 6% inoculated, 30℃ in temperature.In this optimum medium, the obtained strain HDBS-4 raised its ability to convert dibenzothiophene to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) , which gave a fold increase compared with usual condition.Even 12 times higher than the ability of the original strain.

  Advance on Insect Strategy of Expressing Heat Shock Protein to Response Abiotic Stress 2013, 29 (30):  181-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3794 Abstract + ( 803 )   PDF ( 439141KB )   ( 565 ) The heat shock proteins (Hsps) that are abundantly expressed in insects are important modulators of insect survival. The expression of different Hsp genes are induced and modulated in insects in response to abiotic stresses such as heat shock, ultraviolet radiation, chemical pesticides. This minireview will provide useful information related to the expression of Hsp genes in response to abiotic stressors as well as developmental regulation and modulation of Hsp genes involved with insect survival.

  Advance in researches of molecules associated with geminiviruses (New) 2013, 29 (30):  185-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3606 Abstract + ( 565 )   PDF ( 532782KB )   ( 711 ) According to the reports about the molecules associated with plant geminiviruses, this text review all the research on the molecules, such as genomic structure, genomic function, the interaction with the helper virus and plant and their application. The problems are also discussed and the future study fieleds are analyzed.

  Resistance Evaluation and Resistance Genes analysis of soybean cultivars and new lines in Heilongjiang province to Phytophthora root rot 2013, 29 (30):  191-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0023 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 598218KB )   ( 575 ) Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is one of main diseases in Heilongjiang soybean production. This disease have happened in the main soybean production areas of our country and led to a large quantity of outputs lose in some areas. Planting resistant cultivar is the most effective methods. So this research was focused on screening Phytophthora root rot resistant cultivars and resistance lines in Heilongjiang areas, and offered reference for controlling local disease and rational layout of disease-resistant cultivars. We used the hypocotyl vulnus inoculum to vaccinate 126 soybean cultivars and 135 portions of soybean lines, in order to identify eight main Phytophthora sojae strains. Our results showed that 72 portions of cultivars are resistant to more than 4 strains, occupy 57.1% of identified cultivars, and 84 portions of lines are resistant to more than 4 strains, occupy 62.2% of identified lines. Genes analysis of cultivars indicated that 30 soybean cultivars contained disease-resistant genes, 3 major genes, such as Rps1k, Rps3a and Rps1c, are included in 10 cultivars.

  Inhibitory activity of eight plant volatiles and extracts to Panax notoginseng root rot pathogens 2013, 29 (30):  197-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0542 Abstract + ( 650 )   PDF ( 583034KB )   ( 733 ) This study tested the inhibitory activity of eight plant volatiles and extracts to Phytophthora cactorum and Fusarium solani, the casual agent of panax notoginseng root rot. The results revealed that the volatiles and extracts of Allium sativum, A. epa, A. tuberosum, A. fistulosum showed obvious inhibition activity against P. cactorum and F. solani and the inhibition activity of A. sativum is the strongest. The volatiles of Zingiber officinale, Houttuynia cordata, Coriandrum sativum and Mentha haplocalyx had little inhibiton activity on P. cactorum and F. solani, sometimes accelerated colony growth when treated with low concentration. However, the extracts of Z. officinale, the root and leaf of C. sativum showed obvious inhibitory activity to P. cactorum and F. solani. This data would provide scientific basis for using the rotation of these crops rotation to control Panax notoginseng root rot.

  Relationship between Filling Power and Major Physical-Chemical Indicators in Flue-cured Tobacco 2013, 29 (30):  202-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3075 Abstract + ( 640 )   PDF ( 506775KB )   ( 486 ) Studies on correlation, step regression and path analysis between physical characters and chemical components in flue-cured tobacco from different producing areas in China were researched in order to find out the relationship between filling power and major physical-chemical indicators. The results indicated that, the filling power had correlation with chemical components and physical characters. The multiple stepwise regression equation of total sugar, equilibrium moisture content, the ammonia content, the extract of cyclohexane, leaf density and potassium with the filling power was of significant level and fitted pretty well. The equation is Y=9.007- 0.052Xtotal sugar- 0.168Xequilibrium moisture content+ 7.650Xammonia- 0.048X the extract of cyclohexane- 0.158Xleaf density- 0.373Xpotassium. These physical-chemical indicators in the order of direct effectiveness on the filling power were total sugar> potassium> leaf density> equilibrium moisture content> the extract of cyclohexane> ammonia.

  Study on the Accelerated Stability of Functional Components of Tea Polyphenols Tablet 2013, 29 (30):  206-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3721 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 572416KB )   ( 610 ) This study aimed to explore the stability of tea polyphenols and catechins of tea polyphenols tablet in the storage process. The content of tea polyphenol and catechins and caffeine and the pH value in the tea polyphenols tablet were researched. According to the people’s republic of China pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) two appendix stability test requirements, the stability of the major functional components were also studied. The results showed that: the content of tea polyphenol was 45.24%±1.47%, the content of catechin was 32.70%±0.99%, and the content of caffeine was 0.89%±0.04%, the pH value was 4.02±0.06 in the tea polyphenols tablet, and main functional components of tea polyphenols tablet were not altered obviously in the stability testing conditions. The main functional components of tea polyphenol tablet, such as tea polyphenols and catechins, showed better stability in the storage process, which met the requirements of product quality stability.

  Effect of Fermented Pu-erh tea 、TieGuanYin And Black Tea on the ex pression of hepatocyte cytochr ome P4502E1 of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Hyperlipidemia Model Rats 2013, 29 (30):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3519 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 1343052KB )   ( 509 ) The aim was to detect the expression of hepatocyte cytochr ome P450 2E1 in rat nonalcoholic steatosis model. Wistar rats were divided into normal group, hyperlipidemia model group, fermented Pu-erh tea group, Tieguanyin group, low, medium and high dose group of the black tea, which are 0.5 g/(kg?bw), 1.0 g/(kg?bw), 2.0 g/(kg?bw) respectively. All rats were sacrificed after 35 days’ feeding, serum levels of MDA, GSH-Px and SOD transaminase activity and pathological changes of the liver were observed. RT-PCR method was use to test P450 2E1 expression quantity in rat cells. Compared to the hyperlipidemia model group, the serum levels of MDA in low does group of the fermented Pu-erh tea were significantly decreased (P<0.05); Fermented Pu-erh Tea had a better effect on improving enzyme activity of GSH-Px and SOD than those of Tieguanyin and black tea; expression of hepatocyte cytochr ome P450 2E1 in high does group of fermented Pu-erh tea, black tea significantly decreased (P<0.05); through the specimens of rats and pathological detection. The high does group of fermented Pu-erh tea and Tieguanyin group could improve hepatic steatosis caused by high-fat diet significantly. Fermented pu-erh tea, Tieguanyin and black tea had different degrees of positive effect to the expression of hepatocyte cytochrome P450 2E1 in rat nonalcoholic steatosis model. And fermented Pu-erh tea had the most obvious effect.

  Preparation and Application of soybean hulls powder 2013, 29 (30):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3805 Abstract + ( 649 )   PDF ( 745112KB )   ( 612 ) The aims were to solve the waste of domestic soybean hulls and in-depth study, and seek new simple, low-cost method for increasing the value of soybean. Preparing soybean hulls powder by baking and through orthogonal experiment to optimize the process conditions, and then add it to bread; sensory evaluation and water holding capacity determination were conducted. Through orthogonal test, the optimum conditions of soybean hulls powder were obtained as follows: baking temperature 180℃, baking time 10 min; Through sensory evaluation and NMR CPMG, bread added with 2% soybean hulls powder have special aroma of soybean, better sensory quality and water holding capacity. The improver had special aroma of soybean and rich in dietary fiber, color and fineness close to high-gluten flour, appropriate amount can improve the quality of bread, therefore, it could be applied to food like bread and so on.