Abstract: It is high significant to probe the relationships between Rice high temperature induced heat damage and rice production. Based on the analyzing of the data of meteorology and early season rice development stage in Anhui Province and Zhejiang Province, law of high temperature induced heat damage on early season rice and its relationships with rice yield structures were analyzed. Firstly, impact phase of rice high temperature induced heat damage was found between the early June and mid-July, and interannual variation for the heat damage was periodic oscillation with several years frequent occurrence and next several years rare occurrence. However, the days of high temperature and the times of the heat damage for rice was also tended to reduce before mid-1980s, but tended to ascend after mid-1980s. Respect to spatial distribution, high probability and severely afflicted region of Rice high temperature induced heat damage were along to Yangtze in Anhui, and the area under the jurisdiction of Jinhua and Lishui in Zhejiang. Secondly, the relationship between high temperature induced heat damage and rice yield structures were finally expounded. The duration of the high temperature induced heat damage was positively related to the percentage of empty grain and unfilled grain, while it was negatively related to the seeds per spike, the thousand grain weights. Studies suggest that raising of percentage of empty grain and releasing of seeds per spike were primary cause of production reducing.