Abstract: Biosorption process is a relative new but thriving process for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous effluents. In order to discuss the research and the status of utilization of agricultural residue, and provide reference for the improvement of removal efficiency, as well as recycle agricultural residue, this paper resume the adsorption mechanism, adsorption model and thermodynamic parameters of peanut shells as biosorbent, and main influence factors by adsorbent are introduced in a detailed way, it's regeneration and recycle are discussed, and give some suggestions for further research.