Abstract: Germplasm resource is an important gene source of peanut genetic improvement. To know genetic diversity in cultivated peanut resources, 126 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties from 5 countries were selected in the study to analyze genetic parameters of 22 classification traits and 17 agronomic traits. The results showed: the mean value of index of genetic diversity (H') in 22 classification traits and 17 agronomic traits were 0.813 and 1.947, respectively. The mean value of coefficient of variance (CV) in 17 agronomic traits were 22.17%. And that, CV was over 20% of 11 agronomic traits, these values reached a higher level. The value of broad sense heritability (hB2%) was larger than 75% in 8 traits like plant height, and so on. Yet hB2% was smaller than 50% in 4 traits, such as No. of pod branches, etc. Further analysis found that the relative genetic advance (?G) were 1010.15 and 475.26 in pods per kilogram and shelling percentage, and its genetic gain (G) were 101.74 and 722.88, respectively. Overall, genetic diversity was abundant in 126 varieties. And this group had great potential for further genetic improvement in agronomic traits.