Advances of Research on Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS proteins)

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1149

Abstract

Abstract: Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS proteins) is a negative regulator in the G protein-mediated signaling. Recently, researches were focused on G proteins and RGS proteins. This review summarized investigative progress in animals and plant in recent years. The structure and categories were described detailed. The functions including acting as GAPs, integration G protein signaling, scaffolding protein and regulating cell transportation were analyzed. The regulatory mechanism of RGS protein was introduced from the aspect of phosphorylation, lipidmodification, degradation of RGS proteins and so on. Deep research of the RGS protein was conducive to know more about the signaling pathway.

References

[1] Jones A M. G-protein-coupled signaling in Arabidopsis[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2002,5:402-407.
[2] 王利.G 蛋白信号转导调节因子的研究[J].西南民族大学学报, 2009:268-272.
[3] Druey K M, Kendall J B, Veronica H K, et al. Inhibition of G-protein-mediated MAP kinase activation by a new mammalian gene family[J]. Nature,1996,379:742-746.
[4] Berman D M, Kozasa T, Gilman A G. The GTPase-activatig protein RGS4 stabilizes the transition state for nucleotide hydrolysis[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1996,271:27209-27212.
[5] Ross E M, Wilkie T M. GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric G proteins: Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) and RGS-Like Proteins[J]. Annual Review Biochemistry,2000,69: 795-827.
[6] Meera S, Francis S W, Adam J K, et al. Structural diversity in the RGS domain and its interaction with heterotrimeric G proteinα-subunits[J]. Pharmacology,2008:6457-6462.
[7] Glick J L, Meigs T E, Miron A, et al. RGSZ1, a Gz-selective regulator of G protein signaling whose action is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of Gzalpha[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1998,273(40):26008-26013.
[8] Wang J, Axel D, Tu Y P, et al. RGSZ1, a Gz-selective RGS protein in brain structure, membrane association, regulation by Gαz phosphorylation, and relationship to a Gz GTPase-activating protein subfamily[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1998,273: 26014-26025.
[9] Snow B E, Krumins A M, Brothers G M, et al. A G protein gamma subunit-like domain shared between RGS11 and other RGS proteins specifies binding to Gbeta5 subunits[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1998,95(22): 13307-13312.
[10] Zheng B, De V L, Gist F M. Divergence of RGS proteins: evidence for the existence of six mammalian RGS subfamilies[J]. Trends in Biochemical Sciences,1999,24(11):411-414.
[11] Willars G B. Mammalian RGS proteins: Multifunctional regulators of cellular Signaling[J]. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology,2006,17(3):363-376.
[12] Louwette S, Van G C, Freson K. Regulators of G protein signaling: role in hematopoiesis, megakaryopoiesis and platelet function[J]. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis,2012,10:2215-2222.
[13] Jo S, Lee K H, Song S, et al. Identification and functional characterization of cereblon as a binding protein for largeconductance calcium-activated potassium channel in rat brain [J]. Journal of Neurochemistry,2005,94(5):1212-1224.
[14] David P S, Harden T K. The RGS protein superfamily[J]. Handbook of Cell Signaling, 2003, 225:631-637.
[15] Vries D L, Farquhar M G. RGS proteins: more than just GAPs for heterotrimeric G proteins [J]. Trends in Cell Biology,1999,9: 138-144.
[16] Chen J G, Francis S W, Jirong H, et al. A seven-transmembrane RGS protein that modulates plant cell proliferation[J]. Science, 2003,301(5640):1728-1731.
[17] Wilkie T M, Gilbert D J, Olsen A S, et al. Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunitmultigene family[J]. Nature Genetics 1992,1:85-91.
[18] Ross E M, Wilkie T M. GTPase-activating proteins forheterotrimeric G proteins: regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins[J]. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 2000,69:795-827.
[19] 魏晓莉,苏瑞斌.G蛋白信号蛋白的调节剂:新的多功能药物靶点[J].国外医学药学分册,2002,29:31-34.
[20] Susanne H, John R H. Cellular regulation of RGS proteins: modulators and integrators of G protein signaling[J]. Pharmacological Reviews,2002,54:527-559.
[21] Snow B E, Betts L, Mangion J, et al. Fidelity of G protein beta-subunit association by the G protein gamma-subunit-like domains of RGS6, RGS7 and RGS11[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1999,96(11):6489-6494.
[22] Watson A J, Katz A, Simon M I. A fifth member of the mammalian G-protein beta-subunit family. Expression in brain and activation of the beta 2 isotype of phospholipase C[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(35):22150-22156.
[23] Posner B A, Gilman A G, Harris B A. Regulators of G protein signaling 6 and 7. Purification of complexes with gbeta5 and assessment of their effects on G protein-mediated signaling pathways [J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1999,274(43): 31087-31093.
[24] Zhang J H, Simonds W F. Copurification of brain G-protein beta5 with RGS6 and RGS7[J]. The Journal of Neuroscience,2000,20(3): RC59.
[25] Vasicek T J, Zeng L, Guan X J, et al. Two dominant mutations in the mouse fused gene are the result of transposon insertions[J]. Genetics,2000,147:777-786.
[26] Nakamura T, Hamada F, Ishidate T,et al. An inhibitor of the Wnt signalling pathway, interacts with beta-catenin, GSK-3beta and APC and reduces the beta-catenin level[J]. Genes to Cells,1998,3: 395-403.
[27] Hedgepeth C M, Deardorff M A, Rankin K,et al. Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and downstream Wnt signaling by axin[J]. Molecular and Cellular Biology,1999,19:7147-7157.
[28] Zheng B, Lavo ie C, Tang T D, et al. Regulation o f epidermal growth factor receptor degrada tion by heterotrimeric Gαs protein [J]. Molecular Biology Cell,2004,15:5538-5550.
[29] 杜延顺,黄秉仁.G蛋白信号调节因子的结构分类和功能[J].生理科学进展,2005,36(3):215-219.
[30] Benzing T, Yaffe M B, Arnould T, et al. 14-3-3 interacts with regulator of G protein signaling proteins and modulates their activity [J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2000,275:28167-28172.
[31] Kim E, Arnould T, Sellin L, et al. Interaction between RGS7 and polycystin[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1999,96:6371-6376.
[32] Cunningham M L, Waldo G L, Hollinger S, et al. Protein kinase C phosphorylates RGS2 and modulates its capacity for negative regulation of G alpha 11 signaling[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2001,276:5438-5444.
[33] Druey K M, Sullivan B M, Brown D, et al. Expression of GTPase-deficient Gialpha2 results in translocation of cytoplasmic RGS4 to the plasma membrane[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1998,273:18405-18410.
[34] Saitoh O, Masuho I, Terakawa I, et al. Regulator of G protein signaling 8 (RGS8) requires its NH2 terminus for subcellular localization and acute desensitization of G protein-gated K channels [J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2001,276:5052-5058.
[35] Pedram A, Razandi M, Kehrl J, et al. Natriuretic peptides inhibit G protein activation. Mediation through cross-talk between cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and regulators of G protein-signaling proteins[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2000,275:7365-7372.
[36] Benzing T, Brandes R, Sellin L, et al. Upregulation of RGS7 may contribute to tumor necrosis factor-induced changes in central nervous function[J]. Nature Medicine,1999,5:913-918.
[37] Pandey S. More (G-proteins) please! Identification of an elaborate network of G-proteins in soybean[J]. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2011,6:780-782.
[38] Choudhury S R, Bisht N C, Thompson R, et al. Conventional and novel gamma protein families constitute the heterotrimeric G-protein signaling network in soybean[J]. PLoS One,2011,6: e23361.
[39] Gao Y, Tingting L, Yun Z, et al. Isolation and characterization of a G protein γ subunit gene responsive to plant hormones and abiotic stresses in Brassica napus L.[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2011, 33:391-399.
[40] Gao Y, Tingting L, Yang L, et al. Isolation and characterization of gene encoding G protein α subunit protein responsive to plant hormones and abiotic stresses in Brassica napus[J]. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter,2010,37:3957-3965.
[41] Gao Y, Tingting L, Yang L, et al. Cloning and characterization of a G protein β subunit gene responsive to plant hormones and abiotic stressesin brassica napus[J]. Plant Moecular Biology Reporter,2010, 28:450-459.
[42] Swarup R C, Corey S W, John P L, et al. Two chimeric regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins differentially modulate soybean heterotrimeric G-protein cycle[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2012,287(21):17870-17881.
[43] Moriyama E N, Strope P K, Opiyo S O, et al. Mining the Arabidopsis thaliana genome for highly-divergent seven transmembrane receptors[J]. Genome Biology,2006,7(10):R96.
[44] Chen J G, Jones A M. AtRGS1 function in Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Methods in Enzymology,2004,389:338-350.