Abstract: Field experiments under different fertility levels were carried out to reveal the effect of calcium on yield increase of special fertilizer on rice in Mingguang County. The results showed that, the tiller numbers was not enough when the basal nitrogen fertilization insufficient and could be improved by the measure of increase calcium nutrition under low soil fertility soil. The effect of calcium fertilizers on rice tillering at early stage and total spike at maturity was more effective on low fertility soil than that on high fertility soil. Number of valid panicles per unit area and 1000-grain weight could be significantly increased because of calcium fertilizer application. Calcium was help to yield increase of special fertilizer on rice grain yield on low fertile soil, yield increased rate from 6.4% to 9.8%, while the highest rate was only 2.7% on high fertile soil. With the increase of applied calcium, nitrogen and potassium uptake increased, while the phosphorus uptake was less affected. The potassium uptake of rice could improve by 16.3% and nitrogen uptake increase by 5.8% when 13.5 kg/hm2 calcium was applied.