Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.9 Published:25 March 2014

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  The development progress and prospects of peanut breeding in China 2014, 30 (9):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1988 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 504914KB )   ( 744 ) Peanut is an important oil and economic crop. For decades, the cultivation and extension of improved varieties take great contribution on the rapid development of peanut production. In this review, in order to elucidate the development process and the future development direction of the peanut breeding in China, the peanut variety replacement process in china was introduced, breeding techniques applied in peanut, excepted introduction and conventional crossbreeding, were summarized in detail and the targets of peanut breeding in china were also summarized. It pointed out that development of new peanut varieties with characteristics of high yielding, early maturing, high-quality, multi-resistant, suitable for export as well as suitable for mechanized cultivation and processing, using new breeding techniques combined with conventional breeding, would be the development direction of peanut breeding in the future.

  Progress of Agrobiodiversity Research 2014, 30 (9):  7-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1967 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 594560KB )   ( 735 ) As is well known, agrobiodiversity is one of the most important components of the global biodiversity, and it is vital to ensure global food security and sustainable agricultural development. This paper summarizes the functions, the assessment methods, the influencing factors, and the current protection measures of agrobiodiversity over the last 20 years. Then, the paper puts forward the following academic problems in present research. Insufficient contention has been paid to the evaluation study of agrobiodiversity. The relationship between climate change and argobiodiversity is not yet clear. The study of new protection measures for agrobiodiversity is still in the exploratory stage. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable agricultural development and agrobiodiversity protection under the background of climate change and scale agriculture operations, the following studies are urgent: (1) continue to deepen crop germplasm research; (2) the ecology mechanism of agro-cultural heritage site and its dynamic protection; (3) learning to balance the relationship between scale agriculture operations and agrobiodiversity protection; (4) how climate change influences agrobiodiversity.

  Research Progress on Potato Virus Y siRNA-mediated of Disease Resistance Genetic Engineering 2014, 30 (9):  15-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1958 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 575499KB )   ( 563 ) Potato viruses is an important factor to harm potato production, especially, potato virus Y (PVY) seriously affect the yield and quality of potato, and bring great difficulties for the prevention. In recent years, an effective way for resistance to PVY infection had been provided through genetic engineering technology to cultivate transgenic plants. The author outlines the main methods and strategies of the current PVY siRNA-mediated of disease resistance genetic engineering, including the differences of different PVY functional gene mediated virus resistance, the main factors affecting the efficiency of PVY antiviral gene engineering and the general of PVY different lines joint resistance genetic engineering, and analysis the problems and development trend of these methods, in order to provide reference for better control over the hazards of PVY.

  Review of Insects Overwintering Stages and Cold Resistance Strategies 2014, 30 (9):  22-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1546 Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 547100KB )   ( 847 ) Insects are one of the most biodiversity-rich ecological groups in the organic sphere. In order to resist to adverse environment, complete life history and survive from the long process of adaptation, insects have evolved a series of strategies to improve the ability of cold resistance and the ability of withstanding low temperature changes. For better understanding the specific characters of cold-resistance ability of insects, this paper reviewed research progresses in the following aspects: overwintering stages, overwintering behavior, as well as physiological and biochemical mechanisms of cold tolerance. Detail strategies were also discussed, such as moisture content adjusting, ice nucleator in the body, metabolic pathways changing, antifreeze small molecular substances accumulating, antifreeze proteins producing and antifreeze material system establishing. Previous studies were summarized, basis information was provided for the future studies of insect coldresistance.

  Progress on Degradation and Residue Analysis of Chlorpyrifos in Soil 2014, 30 (9):  26-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2383 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 622353KB )   ( 796 ) Chlorpyrifos was one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture due to its characteristics of excellent insecticidal activity, broad spectrum and difficult resistance to insects. However, great concern had been raised regarding its residue problems and harmfulness to ecological environment. To understand the degradation process and residue analytical methods of chlorpyrifos in soil, the basic properties, action mechanism and current applications of chlorpyrifos were introduced in this paper, and its metabolites, degradation mechanism and dominant factors affecting degradation in soil were described as well. Additionally, extraction, purification, analytical principles and methods of chlorpyrifos in soil were summarized. At last, future research directions on degradation and detection techniques of chlorpyrifos were proposed. The authors suggested that further studies are needed on the degradation of chlorpyrifos in complex environment system soil-water-plant-atmosphere in the future and should develop rapid detection techniques combining efficient sample pretreatment and sensitive subsequent detection.

  Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Flag Leaf of Rice with Different Panicle Type 2014, 30 (9):  35-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1615 Abstract + ( 1276 )   PDF ( 835006KB )   ( 978 ) The effects of environmental on photosynthesis can be reflected through the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence, in agronomic measures, planting density and N application play more significant role on photosynthesis. In this test, two rice varieties with different panicle type (panicle weight type rice variety‘Longjing27’and panicle number type rice variety‘Longjing25’) were chosen as materials, four density treatments and four N application time treatments were set to research the effect of plant density and N application on photosynthetic indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice. The result showed that chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic function date of panicle weight type rice variety‘Longjing27’were higher than panicle number type rice variety‘Longjing25’. Appropriate density and postponing N application time had significant role in promoting photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf. Panicle weight type rice variety‘Longjing27’in D2 (29.7 cm×13.2 cm) density treatment and panicle number type rice variety‘Longjing25’in D3 (33 cm×9.9 cm) density treatment, postponing N application time could significantly improve their yield.

  Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of Lose Green Specific Mutants in Rice 2014, 30 (9):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1611 Abstract + ( 921 )   PDF ( 873831KB )   ( 442 ) Lose green specific Mutants lgs(t) partially or completely whitened at the seedling stage was isolated from natural mutation. The leaf turns to irregular green and white stripes at tillering stage. For studying the mechanism of leaf color mutation and the prospects of utilizing. Physiological and agronomic characters were investigated and genetic analysis. The results showed that, loss of green was closely related to chlorophyll content, which appears significantly low. Albino phenomenon made the soluble sugar content decreased and increased the free amino acids, thereby affected the yield traits of seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight. Genetic analysis showed that the trait was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene.

  Study on Grain Formation Physiology of TGMS Rice with eui Gene During Grain Filling Period 2014, 30 (9):  48-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1758 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 760049KB )   ( 449 ) In order to investigate the grain formation physiology of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice with the elongated uppermost internode (eui) gene during grain filling period. TGMS rice ‘Changxuan 3S’, possessing eui gene, was studied by using low temperature underground water to irrigate TGMS rice line ‘Changxuan 3S’ to multiply it, with its parent ‘Pei’ai 64S’ used as a control. The results showed that, With the process of grain filling, the contents of amylase and amylopectin increased quickly at 7-27 days after flowering, then increased slowly and stopped increasing at 31 days after flowering, and the soluble protein content and the activities of the ADPG pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) decreased gradually, and the activities of the soluble starch synthase (SSS) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) increased gradually and then declined slowly, showing a single-peak curve in the grains of ‘Changxuan 3S’ and ‘Pei’ai 64S’. Throughout the filling stage, the contents of amylase, amylopectin and soluble protein and the activities of ADPG-PPase, SSS, SBE, GS, GOGAT in the grains of ‘Changxuan 3S’ were higher than those of ‘Pei’ai 64S’, but its bagged seed set and per plant yield were lower than those of ‘Pei’ai 64S’. Differences analysis showed that the differences of the 5 enzymes activities, amylase content, amylopectin content, bagged seed set and per plant yield were not obvious, and the difference of soluble protein content was obvious in filling grains of ‘Changxuan 3S’ and ‘Pei’ai 64S’.

  Detecting Major Growth Stages of Paddy Rice Based on FY-3 Data in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (9):  55-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1832 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 1011287KB )   ( 451 ) As an important factor during crop growing period, phenology of paddy rice is widely used in growing monitoring, field management, quality and output forecasting. In order to explore an efficient, practical and suitable method, based on 250 m data of FY-3 meteorological satellite and EVI change characteristics, the stages of recovering, tillering, heading, and mature were obtained according to their characteristics, and then compared with the ground observation data. The results showed that the recognition ratio reached above 80%, where the ratios of heading stage and tillering stage were respectively the highest and lowest. Each growth stage had the advanced or delayed identification point. This study could provide some reference for growing monitoring of paddy rice.

  Windspeed Distribution Pattern of the Top of Rice Canopy Based on Isolated Cloth’s Protection 2014, 30 (9):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1875 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 515675KB )   ( 519 ) In order to determine the isolation protective effect of genetically modified (gm) rice genetic drift, the field trials of the isolation protective measures had been designed. According to the experimental data and the characteristics of the windspeed distribution in protective isolation area, the speed distribution pattern of windward and leeward in protection zone had been established and the applicability of the model had been tested by the measured data. The results showed that: correlation coefficients of leeward side in each model were above 0.95. But because of different observation height and direction angle, there was a certain difference in model coefficient. The average relative error between simulated values and measured values in windward side mode was less than 10%. However, the model built in this research had limitations, and the scope of application was very limited.

  Identification of Rice Endophytic Strain K12G2 and Research on Plant Growth Promoting Traits 2014, 30 (9):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1877 Abstract + ( 853 )   PDF ( 538432KB )   ( 638 ) In order to exploit new plant growth promoting microbial fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer and pesticide, an endophytic strain K12G2 which was isolated from rice seeds was identified and its plant growth promoting action was tested by plate cultivation and water planting. Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular identification, strain K12G2 was belonged to Curtobacterium citreum. Strain K12G2 was capable of IAA production, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixing and starch decomposition. Under gnotobiotic culture conditions, rice seeds treated with strain K12G2 for 1 hour showed more effective than seeds treated with 4 hours. Strain K12G2 exhibited significant increases in radicle and plumule elongation of inoculated seeds under gnotobiotic conditions, and root length (47.08%) of rice seedlings by water planting. Furthermore, rate of three-leaf stage seedlings was 4.5 times that of control. This study provided a good experimental strain for further industrial utilization on plant growth promoting.

  The Waterlogging Stress Influence Research in Heading and Flowering Period of Hybrid Rice 2014, 30 (9):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1774 Abstract + ( 668 )   PDF ( 497581KB )   ( 402 ) In order to study the influence of heading-flowering stage of hybrid rice morphological characteristics and yield structure under different waterlogging environment. We used the hybrid rice ‘Xiangfengyou 103’ as tested material, based on some traits related to growth development (e.g. rice leaf number, aerial root, lodging) and yield components, sensitivity variation of hybrid rice at heading-flowering stage were investigated comparatively under different experimental flooding depth and time length. Results showed that: with the same depth of submergence, the number of rice leaves had highly significant negative correlation with the length of submergence time. The ratio of the aerial root stem was positively correlated with length of flooding time and negatively correlated with flooding depth. Lodging occurred during heading-flowering period was stem lodging there was a significantly positive correlation between the ratio of stem lodging and percentage of submergence time. About yield structure, hybrid rice at heading-flowering stage was very sensitive flooded more than 5 days, and almost have no harvest, more than 3 days, seed-setting rate of only 28 capsules, less than 74 grains of CK, yield was very low. By studying the morphological characteristics and yield structure changes in heading-flowering stage in waterlogging environment of hybrid rice, we knew the changes of morphological characteristics and yield structure of hybrid rice in heading-flowering stage, we understood the adaptation mechanisms and environmental sensitivity of hybrid rice in waterlogging environment ,these could provide the data base of morphology and yield structure for the identification of flood ability.

  The Impact of Calcium on Yield Increase of Special Fertilizer on Rice Under Different Soil Fertility Levels 2014, 30 (9):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1872 Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 550685KB )   ( 519 ) Field experiments under different fertility levels were carried out to reveal the effect of calcium on yield increase of special fertilizer on rice in Mingguang County. The results showed that, the tiller numbers was not enough when the basal nitrogen fertilization insufficient and could be improved by the measure of increase calcium nutrition under low soil fertility soil. The effect of calcium fertilizers on rice tillering at early stage and total spike at maturity was more effective on low fertility soil than that on high fertility soil. Number of valid panicles per unit area and 1000-grain weight could be significantly increased because of calcium fertilizer application. Calcium was help to yield increase of special fertilizer on rice grain yield on low fertile soil, yield increased rate from 6.4% to 9.8%, while the highest rate was only 2.7% on high fertile soil. With the increase of applied calcium, nitrogen and potassium uptake increased, while the phosphorus uptake was less affected. The potassium uptake of rice could improve by 16.3% and nitrogen uptake increase by 5.8% when 13.5 kg/hm2 calcium was applied.

  The Effect of Different Nitrogen Applied Levels on Source-sink Characteristics of Hybrid Rice Maintain Lines 2014, 30 (9):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1936 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 803476KB )   ( 427 ) To confirm the diversity in source-sink characteristics of hybrid rice maintain lines under different nitrogen applied levels, with two hybrid parent rice varieties, Zhong9B and You1B as experiment materials, the effect of different nitrogen applied levels on source-sink characteristics of hybrid rice maintain lines was researched. The results showed that, leaves source increased with nitrogen applied levels increasing. However, applying nitrogen too much wasn’t benefit for maintaining more photosynthetic green leaf areas during grains filling. The resistance to nitrogen of Zhong9B was better than that of You1B, the total and filled grains of Zhong9B under high nitrogen levels increased, but those of You1B under the condition of high nitrogen levels showed a decreasing trend. Under different nitrogen levels, the relationship source-sink of different rice varieties changed with the grains filling process, the ratio of grain numbers to leaf areas depended on total and filled amounts of grain to unit leaf areas during different grain filling stage.

  Research of Biological Characters and Utilized Strategy on Weedy Rice Resources in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (9):  88-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1682 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 470789KB )   ( 500 ) In order to enlarge heredity basis of rice cultivar and provide beneficial gene resource for rice breeding, 48 weedy rice varieties, which collected from different ecological environment of Heilongjiang Province, and 2 cultivars (‘Longdao5’and‘Longdao3’) were used in this experiment. 13 main biological characters of weedy rice and cultivars were investigated. According to rice breeding theory, 4 weedy rice varieties were screened, which were No.1, No.24, No.37, and No.48 in this experiment. The 4 screened resources, with characters of strong lodging resistance and weak seed shattering habit, could be available gene resources in rice breeding. Meanwhile, utilized strategy of weedy rice was discussed.

  Effect of Climate Change on Rice Production in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (9):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2778 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 571444KB )   ( 459 ) The modern Heilongjiang began planting rice from the age of 1880s, after this it developed in tortuous and steady growth since 1984. Today, it has become one of the most important food crops in Heilongjiang. Climate warming and extreme minimum temperature increased significantly under the background of climate warming, was the fundamental reason why the rice development in Heilongjiang in recent decades. The short-term study nearly 100 years and nearly 1000 years had shown that the climatic conditions were restricting factors of rice production in Heilongjiang. In the warm periods, Heilongjiang could be a large-scale development of rice, and in the cold climate period, Heilongjiang was difficult to have the rice planting scale.

  The Research on POD Isozyme Activity Change of Wheat After Treatmention of Vernalization Devernalization or Cold Acclimation 2014, 30 (9):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1970 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 609882KB )   ( 450 ) On six different wheat varieties, respectively vernalization, devernalization and low temperature processing, by measuring peroxidase (POD) changes, to research and analysis of different varieties of wheat hardiness changes. The results showed that, in different treatment conditions were the first of its POD activity increased, reaching peak and then begin to decline. The different treatment of different wheat varieties under different time peak rising. Different wheat varieties activity trends also had significant differences. Vernalization ‘Aikang 58’, ‘Bama 196’ and ‘Zhoumai 22’ were in the process of vernalization 10 days, POD appeared strongest activity, while ‘Zhoumai 18’, ‘Bainong 207’ and ‘Bainong 69’ were in the process of vernalization for 20 days POD appeared strongest activity. POD vernalization off peak appeared at 20 days, however, POD activity increased more pronounced than that of vernalization. ‘Bama 196’ and ‘Zhoumai 18’ for 10 days in a peak, ‘Bainong 207’ and ‘Aikang 58’ for 20 days at the peak. But ‘Zhoumai 22’ declined, ‘Bainong 69’ for 30 days at a peak, the effect was not obvious. Description POD protective enzymes and cold resistance are closely related, and most varieties after a certain time of vernalization its hardiness improved significantly.

  Detection and Analysis of Agronomically Important Genes in the National Certified Wheat Variety ‘Hengguan 35’ 2014, 30 (9):  105-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1903 Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 741594KB )   ( 564 ) To study valuable information on a wide range of important agronomic genes in ‘Hengguan 35’, by using functional or genetically linked molecular markers, combined with field observations, we detected and analyzed the genes controlling important agronomic traits in the national certified wheat variety ‘Hengguan 35’. The results showed that, ‘Hengguan 35’ was 1BL/1RS translocation line, which was consistent with its high yield level and wide environmental adaptability. ‘Hengguan 35’ carried two recessive vernalization genes (vrn-A1 and vrn-B1) and one dominant vernalization gene (Vrn-D1), which agreed well with its strong tolerance to cold stress in winter and early and fast resumption of growth in Spring. ‘Hengguan 35’ contained the photoperiod insensitive gene Ppd-D1a, which was in line with its relatively early maturity in many wheat cultivation regions. ‘Hengguan 35’ probably had four dwarf genes (Rht1, Rht2, Rht4, and Rht8), which was in accordance with its lower plant height and improved tolerance to lodging. ‘Hengguan 35’ probably hosted Pm4 and Pm16 genes, which may correspond with its field resistance to powdery mildew. ‘Hengguan 35’ probably harbored YrTp2 gene, which may account for its field resistance to stripe rust disease. Our study provides valuable information on a wide range of important agronomic genes in ‘Hengguan 35’, which may facilitate the use of this germplasm for improving wheat yield and environmental adaptability in further research.

  The Effect of β-amylase Activity on the Germination of Barley Seeds Under the Drought Stress 2014, 30 (9):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1849 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 616219KB )   ( 508 ) To sort out drought resistance strong barley varieties and in order to find out β-amylase activity influence on barely drought resistance. Under the drought stress simulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) by nine malting barley of different amylase activity, to evaluate testing varieties of drought resistance based on the determination of seed germination rate and germination potential and to conduct correlation analysis concerning the β-amylase activity and the germination rate under different concentrations of PEG. Results showed that, it was the significant positive correlation at 0.01 level when PEG leve1 was 15%. Barley seed germination rate was declined with the increasing of drought stress. The effect of 5% PEG was less to barley seed germination 10% and 15% PEG significant inhibition barley seed germination. Barley individual varieties stopped germination when PEG leve1 was under 20%. Among process samples: ‘Humai16’ showed good drought resistance comprehensively. Secondly, it was Α7-30, ‘Han98-58’ and ‘Yan95137’ were the worst. 10% of PEG drought stress concentration can be used as appropriate stress concentrations of barley germination period to judge the barley drought resistance, β-amylase activity can be used as one of barley early screening of drought resistance index.

  Effect of Different Functional Leaf on Grain-filling in Malting Barley 2014, 30 (9):  118-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1744 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 521601KB )   ( 481 ) Mon-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of different functional leaf on the characteristics of grain-filling in malting barley cultivar (‘Ganpi7’). Variance analysis on yield and qualities based on the fitting result of grain-filling process via Logistic Growth Equation (LGE). The results indicated that grain-filling of malting barley cultivar best fits LGE under different treatments of functional leaf, with an S-like breakthrough curve of slow-fast-slow trend. The levels of different functional leaf influence 12 grain-filling parameters and malting qualities of malting barley, with both affected parameters and degree of effect varying with treatment. Effect of different treatments on screening rate and 1000-grain weight was significant and the change between them was apparently positive. The T4 treatment was significant different than others (screening rate: 72.17%, 1000-grain weight: 42.37 g). In order to breed hi-yield and high-quality malting barley, we should consider morphology index comprehensively in practice.

  Comparison of the Improving Effect of Improved S1 Selection Approach on 12 Maize Populations 2014, 30 (9):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1651 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 490383KB )   ( 481 ) In this study, 12 maize populations had been improved using improved S1 selection approach, aiming to increase the efficiency of the improvement of maize populations. The results showed that, number of rows per spike, number of grains per row and 100-seed weight were the three component traits of maize yield. The highest genetic increment was founded in Mengqun2, and followed by Mengqun4 and mengqun1 etc, 7 maize populations. Negative genetic increment was founded in Mengqun3 and 3 foreign maize populations. Some changes had been found in spike, plant traits and genetic diversity of maize populatio. Based on our results, we concluded that the first-class plants could be selected from Mengqun2, Mengqun4, Zhongzong7, Meng C qun and Meng A qun directly to filter out lines by selfing because of the higher yield genetic increment and significant improvements of other agricultural genetic traits of these maize populations. Comparing with those five populations, the improvement potential of other maize populations was limited because of the lower genetic increment.

  Nitro-compound Fertilizer with Different Ratio of Nitrate Nitrogen on the Seedlings Growth and Photosynthetic Property of Maize (Zea mays L.) Liu Guangfu 2014, 30 (9):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1804 Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 506694KB )   ( 682 ) The effects of nitro-compound fertilizer with different ratio of nitrate nitrogen on the seedlings growth and photosynthetic property of maize were investigated by pot experiment. The effects of fertilizer were assessed based on the agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic characteristics of maize. The results showed that with the increased ratio of nitrate nitrogen, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic rate, shoot and root dry matter increased in different degrees. When nitro-compound fertilizer with 4% of nitrate nitrogen was applied, the plant agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic rate and dry matter were significantly higher than the nitrate content of 2% of the nitro-compound fertilizer, and compared with nitrate nitrogen content of 6% showed no significant differences. In a word, the nitro-compound fertilizer with the nitrate content of 4% can better meet maize growth.

  Study of Characteristic of Nutrient Releasing of Maize Straw with Two Tillage Methods 2014, 30 (9):  133-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1975 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 558282KB )   ( 505 ) For exploring the rule of decompose rate of maize straw with two farming modes, the article studied dry-matter consuming, characteristic of nutrient releasing (N, P, K and organic matter) and the dynamic change rule of C/N rate of maize straw with two farming modes (rotary tillage and deep tillage) in land for growing field crops by method of nylon net bag. The result showed that: one month after maize straw turned over was the rapid decompose period, when N, P, K and C could release rapidly in short time, and the period, the lose rate of each nutrient were 74.6%, 39.3%, 78.5%, 50.2% and 71.8%, 34.1%, 66.5%, 42.9% with the two farming modes. The farming mode of deep tillage + straw turnover was beneficial to the rapid decompose of the maize straw, but had no effect on the final amount of the maize straw nutrient releasing. As the time goes on, the surplus of the crop straw nutrient under the two tillage methods tended to no difference.

  Establishment of DNA Fingerprinting with SSR for‘Taihuno’,‘Suyuno’and Some Other Glutinous Rice Varieties 2014, 30 (9):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1973 Abstract + ( 1094 )   PDF ( 592351KB )   ( 637 ) In order to ascertain genetic background of the high-quality glutinous rice resources, analyze the genetic diversity from the molecular level, and provide a theoretical basis of germplasm identification and innovation use of the high-quality glutinous rice, 14 glutinous rice varieties, including Taihuno and Suyuno from Taihu Lake areas and some other glutinous rice varieties were analyzed by using 17 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer pairs selected from 35 SSR of National Standard primer pairs that disperse on 12 chromosomes in rice. A total of 63 polymorphic bands were detected among 14 lines. Cluster analysis by using 17 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer pairs showed that genetics similarities among the 14 lines were above 0.619. The result of cluster reflected basically the genetic relatives based on the pedigree analysis. The DNA fingerprints were constructed by the 6 core SSR primers and the ID card system of these glutinous rice varieties of SSR marker was constructed primarily.

  Effects of Chlorophyll Content and Dry Matter Accumulation on Leaf Nitrogen Application for ‘Henong64’ 2014, 30 (9):  142-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1839 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 479423KB )   ( 1068 ) For research the effect of soybean nitrogen foliar application, using Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang soybean cultivar ‘Henong64’ as test materials, Effects of chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation were investigated on different period and leaf nitrogen application on soybean. The results showed that, chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation first increased and then decreased as fertilization increased and had the highest value in B3 in different period. Leaf nitrogen application in A1 period conducive to increasing the chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation without seeds and in A3 period to the dry matter accumulation in seeds and yield. The chlorophyll content had the highest value in A1B3 with 49.30 SPAD. The dry matter accumulation in seeds had the highest value in A3B3 with 36.08 g. So in terms of ‘Henong64’, the best treatment combination was A3B3 conducive to yield. If treatment had been done in A1B3 and A3B3, the yield would be better.

  Identification on Thermal Resources Climate During Peanut Development Period in Shenyang 2014, 30 (9):  146-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1838 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 621835KB )   ( 457 ) The author indentified thermal resources in Shenyang during peanut growing period from 1971 to 2010, basing on phenological observation data during peanut cultivation phase, by climate statistics and diagnostic methods, in order to take full advantage of thermal resources to avoid low-temperature hazards and adjust the agricultural and species distribution. The results showed that: the suitable peanut sowing period was postponed by 7.6 days in Shenyang, as for peanut species requiring 150 days or longer of maturation stage, their sowing, maturity and growth periods were lack of thermal resources to different degrees. During seedling and growth period, they were lack of thermal resources in 20% of years; during maturity period, they were lack of thermal resources in 10% of years. Therefore, local farmers shall select late-maturing peanut varieties requiring 140-150 days of maturation stage, which can take full advantage of thermal resources to avoid low-temperature hazards, and ensure stable income.

  Assay of Procyanidin in various tissues and organs of Gossypium hirsutum 2014, 30 (9):  150-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1910 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 739819KB )   ( 535 ) The aim was to study the contents of procyanidin (PA) in different tissue and organs of cotton. The contents of PA in various tissues and organs of G. hirsutum cv. CRI35, including calyx, petal, leaf, stem and root, were analyzed by visible spectrophotometer. The results revealed that the contents of soluble PA in calyx was the highest, reaching to 0.040μg/mg, while that in root was lowest, only 0.005μg/mg. The contents in leaf and petal were moderate, respectively 0.030 and 0.017μg/mg. And the contents of insoluble PA in various tissues and organs exhibited the similar content current as the soluble PA, which were respectively 2.324, 1.742, 1.449, 0.417 and 0.384μg/mg correspondingly in calyx, leave, petal, stem and root. Insoluble PA accounted for major part in CRI35, while soluble PA was only minor part. In petal, insoluble PA content was 84 folds of soluble PA, while in stem, the rates of two kinds of PA content was smallest, reaching to 29 folds. Taken together, results suggested that the difference of PA in various tissues and organs of CRI35 could be related to their executing functions, especially, which helped exploit the resistance/tolerance of cotton in breeding.

  Idiogram Analysis of Apomixes Sugarbeet M14 and the Allotriploid Beet (VVC) 2014, 30 (9):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1926 Abstract + ( 859 )   PDF ( 486168KB )   ( 463 ) In order to study and explore the mechanism of apomixes sugarbeet M14 high frequency transmission. Traditional chromosome tabletting technique was adopted on the idiogram analysis of mitotic metaphase cell of apomixes sugarbeet M14, the length, centrometric position, the long arm, the short arm , relative length and arm ratio of apomixes sugarbeet M14 chromosome were measured. Idiogram statistical analysis was carried out between Beta vulgaris L. B.corolliflora zoss, and their offspring of hybrid VVC. The results showed that the every specific genome in hybrid cell was stable, through the comparison of apomixes sugarbeet M14’ GISH and BAC-Fish, the characters of apomixes on sugar beet M14 can be expressed through the specific gene on B.corolliflora zoss 9chromosome.Which can be regarded as an important basis in chromosome identification.

  Construction and Optimization of Multiplex PCR of Maize with SSR Markers 2014, 30 (9):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1937 Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 729958KB )   ( 525 ) In order to build the multiple SSR-PCR system for sugar beet, the 11 pairs of sugar beet SSR core primer were introduced to build 2 fold to 5 fold SSR-PCR reaction system, based on the different fragment size of SSR amplification products. The results showed as follows: on the basis of single SSR-PCR, the 2 fold to 3 fold SSR-PCR system for sugar beet showed: each one fold increase in SSR, there was only quantity increase in corresponding primer and quantity reduced in deionized water. As to the 2 fold to 3 fold SSR-PCR system for sugar beet, on the basis of single PCR, 0.5 fold increased in DNTPs content quantity and corresponding primer quantity, meanwhile correspondingly reduce or increase 0.5 fold quantity for individual primer according to the different amplification efficiency of individual primer, then we could successfully build 16 4-fold PCR and 9 5-fold PCR. The polymorphism produced by multiple PCR reaction was identical with that from single PCR, but there showed a 2 fold to 5 fold higher efficiency than the single PCR. The establishment of multiple PCR system for sugar beet would greatly accelerate the speed for identifying the variety purity and authenticity of sugar beet, and further promote the development of other areas in sugar beet molecular biology.

  Distribution of Total Potassium Contents of Tobacco-growing Soil in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture 2014, 30 (9):  165-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1762 Abstract + ( 753 )   PDF ( 666946KB )   ( 463 ) The distribution characteristics of toatal K contents in tobacco growing soils were analyzed by collected 488 soil samples in Xiangxi. The results were as follows:(1) total K contents in the tobacco soil is generally on the slightly low side for tobacco cultivation with a mean of 1.535%, amplitude of 0.569%～2.935% and variation coefficient of27.83%. About 34.09% of the soil samples of total K contents is suitable for tobacco cultivation. (2)The average content of total K in red-ash soil was signally higher than the other soil types.(3) The average content of total K in the soil above 1000m was relatively higher than the other altitude.(4) IDW interpolation map indicated that the spatial distributions of total K content were patchness distribution and have a trend which high areas in north and south and low areas in middle.

  Present Situation of Soil Nutrient Balance in Hebei Province 2014, 30 (9):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2673 Abstract + ( 1039 )   PDF ( 535627KB )   ( 568 ) Studies on nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) input, output and balance are critical for high efficiency and sustainable use of these nutrients on farmlands. The macro-scale and micro-scale analysis methods were used to analyze the input, output and balance of N, P2O5 and K2O in Hebei Province in 2010. The sources and losses of the nutrients were generally from chemical fertilizer, manure and urine, dry- wet precipitation, irrigation, microbial N-fixing, seeds, etc. The results indicated that the total inputs of N, P2O5 and K2O were 2800 kt, 1160 kt and 960 kt, while the inputs of N, P2O5 and K2O from chemical fertilizers were 1860, 968 and 400 kt, which accounted the total nutrient inputs for 66.4%, 83.4% and 41.7%, respectively. The inputs of N, P2O5 and K2O from manure and urine were 210 kt, 98 kt and 144 kt, which accounted the total nutrient inputs for 7.5%, 8.4% and 15.0%, respectively. The outputs of N, P2O5 and K2O were respectively 2400, 660 and 990 kt, while surplus rates of N and P2O5 were 16.8% and 77.1% but deficit rate of K2O was -3.2%. It concluded that the management measures of stabilizing nitrogen input, decreasing phosphorus input and increasing potassium input should be taken into account for the supply of farmland nutrients and improvement of soil fertility.

  Effects of Various Water and Fertilizer Controlling Measures on the Yield and Population Dynamics of Winter Wheat 2014, 30 (9):  175-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1951 Abstract + ( 606 )   PDF ( 535993KB )   ( 559 ) A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of optimized nitrogen with supplementary irrigation, straw mulch, combination of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the population dynamics and yield of winter wheat. And it was to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation measures of grains yield and resource using efficiency in winter wheat of arid and semiarid areas. The results showed that the population amount of the each treatment were all increased after emergence, reached the highest at revival stage, and decreased afterwards. Before the revival stage, dry biomass was the highest in the conventional farming treatment, while there was no significant difference among all the treatments on the population amount. After the revival stage, significant differences were showed in the population amount and dry biomass; dry biomass was highest in the optimized mode 3 because of topdressing nitrogen and supplementary irrigation in jointing stage. Nitrogen and irrigation could improve the population and dry biomass. The economic benefit showed that the maximum yield was 4500 kg/hm2 in the optimize modes 3 which was 33.4%, 127.8% higher than the conventional farming and control treatment, respectively. The maximum profit was 4537 yuan/hm2 in the optimize modes 3 which was 22.7%, 322.2% higher than farmer mode and control treatment, respectively. In short, under the limited irrigation condition of Weibei dryland, optimized mode 3 could effectively save great amount of water resource , increase the grain yield and profit of winter wheat, so it has a great promotion value.

  Influence of Irrigation Quantity to Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Corn 2014, 30 (9):  180-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1602 Abstract + ( 706 )   PDF ( 700691KB )   ( 533 ) Growth status and physiological changes of corn were studied with different irrigation quantity in order to research suitable irrigation amount of seed corn. The results showed that: different irrigation quantity had obvious effect to net assimilation rate and dry treatment seed material of corn, net assimilation rate was big and dry matter accumulation was much because irrigation quantity is much. Leaf area was big, plant growth was fast, height was the highest and contribution rate of water on yield was big, higher yield could be obtained in the irrigation times 5250 m3/hm2 conditions. Irrigation water 5250 m3/hm2 of corn whole growth period can be used as appropriate amount of water saving irrigation quantity in water shortage.

  Effect of Sowing Date on Maize Soil Temperature and Biological Spring Inland River Basin 2014, 30 (9):  186-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1597 Abstract + ( 706 )   PDF ( 816044KB )   ( 485 ) Soil temperature is a major environmental factor limiting maize production, in order to seek the reasonable sowing time, the growth and development of maize in soil appropriate temperature environment, so as to ensure the formation of dry matter accumulation and yield. The representative of Wuwei inland river basin area of different sowing dates were tested in field mulched spring maize, the change of soil temperature in the whole growth period of continuous observation of spring maize growth period, yield structure and 20 cm, 40 cm two depth, analyzed the effect of different sowing dates on spring maize biomass and soil temperature. The results showed that: the vegetative growth stage of different sowing date treatment at various levels of temperature with the advance of growth and development was gradually increased trend, after the jointing stage to enter the reproductive growth stage, the temperature decrease. Sowing good second growth, dry matter accumulation was high, especially between the milky stage and mature stage significantly (P<0.05). Second yield was better than third period and the first period. The second sowing date, could obtain higher temperature at seedling stage, soil warming was obvious, but in the jointing stage and then ensures a proper low temperature, so as to ensure the formation of dry matter accumulation and yield structure, was the most appropriate mulched spring sowing. The first sowing date biomass was the worst performance, indicated that the crop under normal circumstances appropriate early sowing date, prolong the growth period was the practice of a certain risk in maize production.

  Study on Yield and Starch Gelatinization Characteristics of Different Sweet Potato Varieties 2014, 30 (9):  192-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1653 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 507633KB )   ( 655 ) The aim was to compare and study the difference and correlation of these sweet potato varieties among yield, dry matter, starch matter and starch gelatinization characteristics systematically. In field experiments, the yield, dry matter and starch matter of thirty- one sweet potato varieties widely planted in China were studied. The Rapid Visco- Analyzer (RVA) was used to determine the starch gelatinization characteristics of these cultivars. The results showed that the fresh weight per plant of‘Nanshu88’was the highest, reaching 1.56 kg/plant. The ranges of dry matter and starch matter were 20.57%-40.87%, 11.54%- 29.13% , respectively. Fresh yield of‘Nanshu88’was the highest, reaching 78065.61 kg/hm2, followed by‘Taizzhong10’, 63325.17 kg/hm2. Differences were found among RVA profiles in different varieties of sweet potato, especially the final viscosity and the setback of starch viscosity characteristics. The correlation analysis showed positive relationships between peak viscosity and final viscosity, peak viscosity and setback, trough viscosity and final viscosity, trough viscosity and setback, final viscosity and setback, and negative correlations between the pasting temperature and each starch RVA profiles characteristics (except peak time).

  Biological property and nutrient absorption characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi L. 2014, 30 (9):  198-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2396 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 567539KB )   ( 798 ) In order to confine the growth traits and nutrient absorption characteristics in different period between various cultivars of Coix lacryma-jobi L., pot test was carried through. The Results showed that‘Qian No.1’Job’s-tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) and‘Qian No.2’Job’s-tears had significant differences between strain morphology and growth patterns. In 60 days after sowing, the two strains nitrogen content of straw gradually decreased with the increasing time. The nitrogen content of root all reached maximum at the booting stage, they were 2.85% and 2.45%. At the mature stage, they maintained 1.76% and 1.96%. In 60 days after sowing, the K content of straw achieved the maximum; finally, two strains of K content were 1.84% and 2.16%. However, the K content of root changed little. The 30 days after sowing and maturity stage of the K content were basically identical. The correlation analysis showed that between the N, K content of straw and dry matter, grain number, seed setting rate, 1000- grain weight, and production of five yield traits had no significant correlation, the N and K content of straw had a direct effect on the dry matter weight.

  Contrastive Study on the Economical Characteristic, Yield and Quality Among New Transgenic Insect-resistant Hybrid Cotton Cultivars 2014, 30 (9):  202-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1642 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 500122KB )   ( 421 ) In order to explore the transgenic insect-resistant hybrid cotton agronomic traits, yield and quality characteristics, speed up the application of transgenic traits, serve the agricultural production. The economical characteristic, yield and quality were studied under filed conditions with six transgenic insect-resistant hybrid cotton cultivars. The results were as follows: compared with ‘Xiangzamian 7’ (CK), A3 showed higher SPAD value in leaves part of the time, and the same level yield and fabrics. A5 showed higher SPAD value in leaves, and lower yield and higher-quality fabrics. A1, A2 and A4 showed lower SPAD value in leaves, lower yield and poorer-quality fabrics.

  Fine Assessment of Building A High-standard Prime Farmland:Taking Linxia County, Beiyuan Aarea as An Example 2014, 30 (9):  207-212.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1798 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 774446KB )   ( 552 ) The high-standard prime farmland construction is an important part of land reclamation, the author took example of Linxia County, BeiYuan Area, and picked up 9 standards from 4 aspects, including physical geography of basic farmland, land utilization, infrastructure and regional development conditions respectively. Construct integrated evaluation index system of high standard basic farmland and made evaluation of high-standard prime farmland construction in Beiyuan Area. This research divided basic cropland in Beiyuan area into 3 classes: qualified area, gentle management area, aggressive management area, they accounted for 38.99%, 31.12%, 29.88% of total area respectively. The results could provide scientific evidence for Linxia County, BeiYuan Area’s high standard farmland construction.

  Empirical Analysis of the Influencing Factors in Adopting New Rice Varieties for Peasant Households in Sanming City, Fujian Province 2014, 30 (9):  213-217.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1880 Abstract + ( 840 )   PDF ( 515286KB )   ( 686 ) To find out the related factors and significant factors that affect farmers adopt new rice varieties, In this paper, on the basis of field survey, the contingency table analysis was conducted to figure out the influencing factors of high relevance in adopting new rice varieties for peasants, and an empirical analysis was used in adopting new rice varieties for peasants with Logistic Regression Model. The results showed that the area for rice plants, agricultural technology training, agricultural technical guidance and the price of seeds differences between old and new varieties significantly affected the peasants in adopting new rice varieties. Among them, the area for rice plants was the largest one, agricultural technology training had a positive effect on the peasants adopting new rice varieties; Seed price differential had inhibition for farmers adopting new rice varieties; Technical guidance would help farmers adopt the new rice varieties.

  The Progress of PPR Protein Family in Plants 2014, 30 (9):  218-224.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1577 Abstract + ( 1078 )   PDF ( 513771KB )   ( 2759 ) Proteins containing the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs constitute one of the biggest protein families in plants, which play broad and essential roles in plant development. The N-terminus of most PPR proteins possess mitochondria or chloroplast targeting sequence, making them ideal models for studies in nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions. In this article, the structural feature, subcellular localization, organization and expression characteristic of PPR proteins were summarized. The mechanisms of PPR proteins in mitochondria or chloroplast RNA processing, restoring fertility of CMS and regulating embryo development were reviewed. The evolution of the protein family was analyzed. And the prospect of problems existed and probable research orientations was proposed.

  The Research Progress of Tissue-specific Promoters in Crop Gene Engineering 2014, 30 (9):  225-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1989 Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 571576KB )   ( 1387 ) In the crop genetic engineering, constitute promoters have been used to make foreign gene express efficiently in transgenic crops, but constitute promoters are unable to regulate gene expression temporally and spatially. Tissue-specific promoters can be employed to alleviate the drawbacks of constituted promoters in transgenic crops. The target genes driven by tissue-specific promoters are expressed in special tissue or organ, and the target proteins are accumulated in special parts. This review was a brief introduction to tissue-specific promoter characters, mainly focusing on the category of tissue-specific promoters and the up-to-date research progress in crop genetic engineering. Furthermore, the limits and prospects of tissue-specific promoters in crop genetic engineering were discussed.

  Construction of the Bivalent-expression Vector for Trichoderma spp. 2014, 30 (9):  232-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1905 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 688748KB )   ( 546 ) Bivalent-expression vector of chitianse gene andβ-1,4-glucanase gene lays the foundation for the transformation of Trichoderma spp.. The gene fragment was obtained by digesting of restriction endonuclease, and then lagased into expression cassette by T4 DNA ligase to form the bivalent-expression vector. The vector was verified by using PCR, digestion and nucleotide sequencing. The recombinant pC1302- C42 was constructed by cloned the chitinase gene chi42 into expression cassette with promoter CaMV35S and terminator PolyA, and the recombinant pC1300-2-G14 was constructed by cloning theβ-1,4-glucanase gene glu14 into expression cassette with promoter CaMV35S and terminator Nos, and then the bivalent-expression vector pC1300- 2- G14- C42 with the hygromycin B resistance gene was constructed through successful connection of 35S-chi42-PolyA and 35S-glu14-Nos. The bivalent-expression vector pC1300-2-G14-C42 can be directly applied to filamentous fungi genetic transformation, lays the foundation for screening broad spectrum engineering strain of Trichoderma spp..

  Colonization of Green Fluorescent Protein Gene Tagged Bacillus subtilis R31 in Celery Rhizosphere 2014, 30 (9):  237-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1713 Abstract + ( 1148 )   PDF ( 779888KB )   ( 527 ) In order to study the colonization of Bacillus subtilis R31 in celery rhizosphere, to assess its colonization ability and provide basis to celery wilt biocontrol. Plasmid pHT315-gfp was introduced into cells of Bacillus subtilis R31 by protoplasts conversion and gfp- tagged R31 was acquired, gfp- tagged R31 was irrigated around the celery root to study its colonization style and ability. Results showed the recombined plasmid was stable in gfp-tagged R31 cells. The R31-gfp cells could emit bright green fluorescence under blue light stably. Green fluorescent film on the surface of the celery root inoculated R31-gfp could be observed under fluorescent microscopy. It was found that R31-gfp cells could colonize in celery rhizosphere quickly. Three days after inoculation, cells on the surface of celery roots and in the soil around the roots were about 1.4×104 cfu/g and 7.6×104 cfu/g, respectively. The colonization was very stably. The number of cells on celery root surface and soil around the roots were still 9.1×104 cfu/g and 3.17×105 cfu/g at the 65 days after inoculation separately. Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis R31 can form biofilm on the surface of the celery roots, and can colonize stably for a long-term in celery rhizosphere.

  Construction of Mutation Library in Burkholderia cepacia by Inserting Tn5 Transposon and the Screening of Relevant Strain 2014, 30 (9):  242-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1710 Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 1241714KB )   ( 515 ) The plasmid pRLl063a containing Tn5 transposon was transferred into Burkholderia cepacia strains T1828 and ZWL15 by conjunction, and associators were screened on restrictive plates with kanamycin and strepmycin. 300 mutants were obtained by Tn5 randomly inserted. PCR test were positive for six randomly selected mutants, and the mutants could not synthesize coronatine by HPLC detection. The results showed that, the genome for six randomly selected mutants had been inserted by Tn5 and lose the ability to synthesize coronatine. This study provided a basis for cloning and sequencing the transposon insertion sites’flanking sequence and the recovery test function.

  Perspectives on the Establishment of A Crop Identity System Based on DNA Fingerprinting 2014, 30 (9):  248-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1718 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 685710KB )   ( 543 ) To solve outstanding problem existing in seed production, management and protection of intellectual property rights, this paper put forward the construction of crop variety identity card (ID) and set up variety ID management system. Take example by human ID, The variety commodity information, the fingerprint information, combining with the specific genetic information to construct crop variety which should include three components: part 1 was called commodity code(14 characters), reflect crop, cultivar, and breeding (or approval) region and time ; Part 2 was called fingerprint code(from 20 to 40 characters, depending on different crop type), reflecting the varieties of DNA fingerprint information; Part 3 was called the complement code (specific gene identification number), reflecting specific genetic information of the cultivar, using the letter "T" with the gene name to represent GMO crop, "S" with the gene name to represent MAS crop, and "M" with the gene name to represent mutant line, etc; The complete code was about 50 characters long. Cultivar ID card numbers encoded by this method was highly accurate, versatile, and traceable and would facilitate scientific and standardized management of crop cultivars in China.

  Effects of Burning Smoke of Several Tibetan Incense Ingredients on the Antibacterial Activity of Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. 2014, 30 (9):  253-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1883 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 487002KB )   ( 609 ) Effects of burning smoke of several tibetan incense ingredients on antibacterial activity of Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. were measured for making functional tibetan incenses. Filter paper absorbed burning smoke of nine kinds of tibetan incense ingredients was placed into culture dish inoculated with Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. respectively. Effects of burning smoke of nine kinds of tibetan incenses were different; For Penicillium sp., tabasheer had the most significant inhibition, costusroot, nutmeg and clove had relatively obvious influence on Penicillium.sp., however, the inhibition of safflower and cardamon fruit was the weakest; The inhibition of tabasheer and nutmeg on Aspergillus sp. was the most obvious, costusroot and clove had relatively distinct influence, however, the inhibition of cardamon fruit was the weakest. Tabasheer, nutmeg, costusroot and clove had obvious inhibition effect on Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. in petri dish.

  Breeding Season Behavior Ethogram and PAE Coding System of Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) 2014, 30 (9):  259-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1208 Abstract + ( 907 )   PDF ( 526954KB )   ( 493 ) The behavior of Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia) was studied to investigate its behavior and to establish its ethogram and PAE (posture, act and environment) coding system in breeding season at Qixinghe Nature Reserve by focal animal sampling and all occurrence recording methods. Ten kinds of posture, 52 action and 92 behavior were distinguished and recorded. The behavior was divided into 16 types according to its function and various kinds of behavior was corresponded with gender, age and season in PAE coding system. The results showed there was no big difference between male and female except male shows during breeding and the behavior of neatlings was simple. Reproductive behavior and some individual behavior, such as thermoregulation behavior, communication behavior, miscellaneous behavior, showed sasonal characteristics.

  Affect of Different Storage Temperatures on Nutritional Quality of Three Kinds of Aromatic Vegetables 2014, 30 (9):  266-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2319 Abstract + ( 783 )   PDF ( 495234KB )   ( 412 ) This paper’s proposal is to study the effect of storage temperature on the content of essential oil and the nuutritional quality of aromatic vegetables. Taking fennel, felon herb and coriander as test material, the content of essential oil in editable segments are measured and the effect of different storage temperatures on nutritional quality in different parts were tested. The results showed that the essential oil contained in fennel was the highest among 3 aromatic vegetables. Then the contents of dissoluble sugar and dissoluble protein of 3 aromatic vegetables stored under different storage temperatures was analyzed. The result showed that the normal temperature (25±0.5)℃was not appropriate for vegetables to be stored for the reason that their dissoluble sugar and dissoluble protein decrease dramatically comparing to their fresh samples, and lower temperature (5±0.5)℃can control the decrease effectively and extend their preservation time. So it is illustrated that lower temperature can conserve more nutrient ingredients of aromatic vegetables than normal temperature.

  Research on Processing Technology of Chinese Jujube Juice-Grapefruit Yogurt 2014, 30 (9):  270-274.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1807 Abstract + ( 870 )   PDF ( 628244KB )   ( 1229 ) In order to confirm the processing technology of Chinese jujube juice-grapefruit yogurt, which its main raw materials were grapefruit juice, Chinese jujube juice and evaporated skimmed milk powder, a series of single factors experiments and L9(34) orthogonal experiment have been down, the best fermentation process condition and the recipe have been determined, the optimum yogurt recipe as follows: grapefruit juice 20%, Chinese jujube juice 10%, white sugar 6%, inoculation concentration 7%, compound stabilizer 0.9%, which the compound stabilizer consist of xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, pectin mixed by 1:1:1. The best fermentation process condition as follows: taking Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus as the original strains, the mixing ratio was 1:1, fermented under the condition of 40℃ for 8 hours.

  Study on No Cooking No Saccharifying Producing Alcohol of Extruded Sweet Potato 2014, 30 (9):  275-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1733 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 478913KB )   ( 537 ) Substituted extrusion process for traditional cooking and liquefaction and saccharifying process of alcohol production with sweet potato was studied in this paper. The optimal technological conditions through single factor experiment were obtained ,it was showed as follows: the ratio of starch to water as 1 : 2, saccharifying enzyme 130 U / g, yeast inoculation quantity as 0.1﹪. Under the conditions, fermentation at 30℃ for 72 h, the alcohol content of fermentation mash was 14.43% (v / v). Comparing with traditional fermentation technology, the alcohol content of fermentation mash increased by 21.7 % (v / v).

  The Comparative Study of Different Derivative Methods in the Determination of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Germinated Brown Rice Acid by HPLC 2014, 30 (9):  279-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1455 Abstract + ( 1317 )   PDF ( 1178693KB )   ( 1359 ) The derivative agent using in the determination ofγ-aminobutyric acid by HPLC lacked systematic comparative analysis. So this paper studied the comparison of three kinds of common derivative agent and chromatographic process. A gradient elution was used for the separation and quantification of GABA precolumn derivatization with OPA, Dansyl-Cl, AQC. The column were intertsil ODS-C18 (by the first two), waters AccQ·Tag for free amino acids. GABA was determined with UV detector at 332 nm, 386 nm, 250 nm, and linear equations were Y=9.0×106X+2062.5(R2=0.9989), Y=7.0×106X+11337(R2=0.9982), Y=7.1×106X+10025 (R2=0.9999), and detection limits were 0.005 mg/mL, 0.01 mg/mL, 0.001 mg/mL, and RSD of peak area of GABA measured in the same sample was 1.16%, 1.98%, 0.94%, and the recoveries were 98.5%-106.9%, 95.8%-110.6%, 99.4%-103.4%, GABA content measured in the same sample was 11.24, 10.67, 13.47 mg/ 100 g dry weight, respectively. We learned from the above results, that in three kinds of derivative agent determining GABA by HPLC, the most accurate one is AQC, followed by OPA and Dansyl-Cl, AQC, as a new derivative agent, has the broad prospect inγ-aminobutyric acid and even amino acid analysis.

  Extraction of Polysaccharide from Perilla frutescens Seed with Microwave and Its Hepatoprotective Activity 2014, 30 (9):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1914 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 648677KB )   ( 558 ) In order to select the best extraction method and the hepatoprotective activity of Perilla frutescens, Perilla frutescens seeds were smashed and defatted with petroleum ether, then were studied the effect of the solvent/material ratio, microwave power and extracting time on the extraction rate. The hepatoprotective activity of Perilla frutescens seeds polysaccharides was studied. The results showed that the optimal extracting conditions were followed by a solvent and material ratio of 25:1, with microwave power at 480 W for 2 min, and the extraction rate was 9.06% . Perilla frutescens seeds polysaccharides had significant effect on decreasing serum levels of AST and ALT in mice (P<0.01). And the liver color and elasticity of polysaccharides treated mice were better than the control group with only CCl4 treated, and the spotty necrosis was significantly less, the liver coefficient and spleen coefficient were decreased (P<0.05). These results indicated that the Perilla fr utescens seeds polysaccharides had hepatoprotective activity on CCl4 induced liver injured mice. This study provided an important foundation for the research and development of Perilla frutescens polysaccharides on hepatoprotective drugs.

  Anthocyanins in Red and Purple Tea Extraction ＆ Separation and pH Stability Exploration 2014, 30 (9):  291-296.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1547 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 685797KB )   ( 678 ) red and purple tea is a special tea resource and draws attention because of anthocyanin. As a natural pigment anthocyanin has many biological effects and can be used in food, medicine, health product and cosmetic field. The research used ultrasonic and acid ethanol to extract and separation anthocyanin in tea; we confirmed the best extraction conditions by single factor and orthogonal analyse and obtained anthocyanin crude extracts. The result showed that 80% ethanol concentration, 0.6% acid concentration, 1 to 25 mass to liquid and 3 extract time could obtain high content anthocyanin, and extraction ratio was 378.25mg/100g. pH stability showed that in acid condition anthocyanin had higher reservation while alkali condition anthocyanin reservation was relatively lower. This research will provide prospective research base for widening producing source, identification and developing special tea health products of anthocyanin.

  Effects of Different Filter Parameters on Deliveries of Pb ,As and Cd in Mainstream Smoke 2014, 30 (9):  297-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2049 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 488725KB )   ( 530 ) In order to investigate the effects of different filter parameters on deliveries of Pb, As and Cd in mainstream smoke, the Pb, As and Cd in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes wrapped with filters of different specifications were determined. The results indicated that: (1)Effects of different types of filters on deliveries of Pb, As, Cd in mainstream smoke had certain selectivity. (2)With the increase of the length of the filter, the Pb, As and Cd in mainstream smoke had different decrease. (3)The deliveries of Pb, As and Cd were affected by filter pressure drop and the air permeability of both tipping paper and plug wrapper to a certain extent, however the influence of filter pressure drop and the air permeability of tipping paper was more obvious.

  Optimization of Culturing Conditions and Fermentation Culture Media of Saccharomy cescerevisiae 2014, 30 (9):  302-306.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1974 Abstract + ( 1507 )   PDF ( 557515KB )   ( 2458 ) In order to determine the optimal conditions of shaking flasks fermentation of Saccharomy cescerevisiae, we conducted the single- factor test, including culture temperature, culture time and rotation speed. The L9(33) orthogonal test was used to optimize the culture conditions of Saccharomy cescerevisiae, and the L9(34) orthogonal test was used to optimize the fermentation culture media of Saccharomy cescerevisiae. The results showed that, the optimization fermentation condition was culturing in 29℃, speed 160 r/min for 27 hours. The optimization fermentation culture media was glucose 20 g/L, yeast powder 10 g/L，KH2PO4 1.5 g/L，MgSO4 1 g/L. The key factors affecting the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the culture time and the glucose concentration of the culture medium.

  Analysis of Nutritional Components of Stichophthalma howqua 2014, 30 (9):  307-310.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1755 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 510544KB )   ( 566 ) The aims were to explore the main nutritional ingredients of the Stichophthalma howqua, and provide a theoretical basis for the edible development of S. howqua. The contents of fat, protein, mineral elements and amino acids of S. howqua were determined by using the national standard methods. The amino acid score, chemical score and essential amino acid index were analyzed. The contents of protein, fat and mineral element of S. howqua were compared with nutrition contents of common foods. The results showed that S. howqua had rich protein, low fat and was abundant in content of mineral elements. It contained 73.0% of protein and 3.94% of fat. The total amino acid content was 622.5 mg/gDW, which included 39.5% of the essential amino acids. The ratio of essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids was 0.65. The essential amino acid contents of S. howqua were balanced. The content of sulfur-containing amino acids (Threonine) which was the first limiting amino acid was 35.1 mg/g protein. Nutritional analysis showed that S. howqua was a kind of higher nutritional value insects and had the important economic value and broad market prospect.

  Preliminary Study on Model Construction of Dietary Exposure Assessment for Chinese Agricultural Products 2014, 30 (9):  311-316.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1708 Abstract + ( 779 )   PDF ( 575871KB )   ( 737 ) The existing refined dietary exposure assessment models were difficult to be used directly for lacking detailed consumption data of Chinese agricultural products. Thus, a suitable model was in urgent need for evaluating safety and quality of agricultural products. This paper aimed to construct a new model from parameter setting, model hypothesis and algorithm implementation, which took the residue/concentration parameter as the major concern. The simulation model was established under the circumstance of SAS/IML, and the separation and quantification of variability and uncertainty has also been accomplished in the framework. To verify the reliability of the model, a case was analyzed using it. And the paper also compared the result with previous studies, which indicated strong comparability and consistence between them. Meanwhile the new model could offer the variability and uncertainty of the output, which made the evaluation results more reliable and precise. Based on reasonable assumptions and reliable algorithm, the improved model was feasible and realistic, which was specific for the dietary exposure assessment of Chinese agricultural products, and also suitable for the supervision of safety and quality of agricultural products.

  Study on the Degradation of Pesticides Residues in a Closed Environment 2014, 30 (9):  317-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1573 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 497168KB )   ( 404 ) The aims were to seek for the method of reduce pesticide residues of vegetables in greenhouse, and promote the healthy development of vegetable industry. Chlorothalonil, fenvalerate and dimethoate was selected as the test material. The degradation characteristics of pesticide residues were studied. The results showed that in the first day, fenvalerate, dimethoate, chlorothalonil residues in lettuce were higher than that of tomato respectively 42.9%, 44.9%, 57.8%. In seventh day, tomato and lettuce pesticide residues were 154-285μg/kg, 258-528μg/kg. The first day, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, fenvalerate residues in celery of greenhouse was higher than that of field respectively 2.9%, 7.1%, 6%. During 5-20 days, the pesticide degradation rate of field was also higher than that in greenhouse. The initial concentration related with edible part surface area ratio of vegetable. Pesticide degradation rate of greenhouse vegetables was obviously slower than the field vegetables. Subsidence phenomenon of pesticides was an important factor in the impact of pesticide residues.