Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.8 Published:15 March 2014

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  General Descriptions of Policies and Measures for Development of Dairy Industry in Early Years after 1949 2014, 30 (8):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2002 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 509860KB )   ( 1026 ) With the rapid development of China’s dairy production and consumption, the academia is attaching greater importance to the research on the development of the dairy industry. Based on the records of the dairy industry kept in various local archives, this dissertation provides an in-depth analysis of the role that China’s early-year dairy development policies and measures plays in promoting the development of the dairy industry. It introduces the prevailing carder remuneration supply system that promoted the development of the cow farming industry then and discloses the real process of the socialist transformation of China’s dairy cooperative system and public-private dairy joint ventures as well as the development of the national dairy industry in the planned economy. As such, it provides precious historic data and references to the research on the evolution of China’s contemporary dairy industry.

  Polymorphism of POU1F1 Gene Intron2 and Its Genetic Effects in Duck XIAO Tian-Fang 2014, 30 (8):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1986 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 627839KB )   ( 863 ) This study aimed to detect the polymorphism of POU1F1 gene and its genetic effects on Brown Tsaiya Duck. PCR-SSCP method was applied in this study to detect the polymorphisms of POU1F1 gene in Brown Tsaiya Duck, and analyze the association of polymorphisms with production traits of Brown Tsaiya Duck. The results showed that POU1F1 intron 2 was consisted of 3 genotypes (AA, Aa, aa). 2 SNPs loci (A3980T, A3988G) were detected. This site belongs to low polymorphism, and the result of ?2 indicated that this site was in state of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Both egg shape index and body weight at 4th week of AA genotype were significantly higher than that of aa (P<0.05), while three kinds of genotypes had no significant effect on other indexes (P>0.05). The results suggested that the SNPs had certain effect on egg shape index and body weight at 4th week, and might be a good marker for production traits in Brown Tsaiya Duck.

  Measurement and Assessment on Environmental Indicators of Rex Rabbit House in Spring 2014, 30 (8):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2562 Abstract + ( 794 )   PDF ( 500960KB )   ( 566 ) Rex rabbit is a kind of economic animal, used for both meat and fur and its breeding environment can directly affect the production performance. For monitoring and assessing the breeding environmental indicators of rex rabbits in spring of Northern China, which environmental indicators were determined during April to May that including temperature, humidity, wind velocity, light, CO2 concentration and NH3 concentration of the breeding barn (air-tight type) in Wan Yuan Rex Rabbit Farm in Yushu, Jilin province. The diagonal method was adopted to select the measuring points. Six points including A, B, C, D, E and F in the horizontal direction and the high, middle and low points in the longitudinal direction were chosen. It was measured three times a day (7:30, 12:00 and 18:00) and lasted 21 days. The results showed that the temperature of the barn varied from 13.04 °C to 18.37 °C. The humidity was varied from 50.23% to 75.73%. The wind velocity varied from 0.05 m/s to 0.09 m/s. The light varied from 37.45 Lux to 137.37 Lux. The CO2 concentration varied from 0.12% to 0.22%. The NH3 concentration was 4.41-16.80 mg/m3. The results reflected that the humidity in some parts of the breeding rabbit barn was extremely high, the illumination in it was uneven and the NH3 concentration reached a dangerous level, which resulted in colds, pneumonia and diarrhea among the rex rabbit, in particular, the survival rate of pups was only 62.5%. Taking effective measures, such as increase ventilation, improve light regime and clean up feces in time etc. significantly enhanced the situation. The NH3 concentration reduced to 4.41 mg/m3. The humidity decreased by 3.2% to 7.1%. The abortion rate of rex rabbit significantly reduced by 13% and the overall incidence of illness for rex rabbit was significantly improved.

  Checking Virulence Genes of Biofilm in Escherichia coli 2014, 30 (8):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2005 Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 835600KB )   ( 610 ) The test was aimed of confirmed these genes distribution condition in positive biofilm with 25 strains of Escherichia coli, and then provided the theoretical basis of the mechanism of biofilm during the pathopoiesia in the Escherichia coli. The polymerase chain reaction was used of being checked virulence genes in the fimH, KpsMTII, chuA, fliC, yja and PapC in 25 strains of Escherichia coli which were positive biofilm. The results showed that, Firstly, the gene of KpsMTII aroused frequence was higjhest which account of 40%; Secondly that the gene of fliC account of 32.5% and the gene of fimH account of 20%, the two genes total was 52.5%; the gene of chuA account of 7.5 %, the genes of yja and PapC unchecked in this test. In this test the biofilm formed were firstly effected in adhere structure genes such as fimH and fliC. Secondly effected gene was KpsMTII, Finally, effected gene was outer membrane protein gene chuA in 25 strains Escherichia coli.

  Research Advances on Identification and Molecular Evolution of Trichinella Species 2014, 30 (8):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2725 Abstract + ( 780 )   PDF ( 472159KB )   ( 518 ) This paper describes the discovery, identification and evolution of Trichinella species, and retrospects the species identyfication method, phylogenesis, geograhpic distribution and taxonomic structure of Trichinella, in particular explaining the contribution of molecular biology and molecular genetics on species identyfication. With the development of science and technology, there are nine species in Trichinella, and three unclear genotypes.Therefore, this paper provides some informations of species identification and evolutionary relationships,clears and definites the relationships on the taxonomy, diagnostics, systematics, micro- and macroevolution, and the biogeographical and biohistorical reconstruction of the genus Trichinella, consequently laying the foundation of etiology, clinical diagnosis, disease control and prevention.

  Studies on Pathogenicity and Drug-resistance Characteristics of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Megalobrama amblycephala in Hubei and Jiangsu Province 2014, 30 (8):  29-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2899 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 580228KB )   ( 496 ) Pathogenicity experiment and drug sensitivity characteristics of 8 Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from Megalobrama amblycephala collected in Jiangsu and Hubei Province were investigated. The results showed that presence of aer, ahp, hly, ast and alt virulence genes was 100%(8/8), 75%(6/8), 87.5%(7/8), 100%(8/8) and 75%(6/8) of tested strains, respectively. The strain E6 has not observed ahp, alt genes and strain X22 has not observed ahp, hly, alt genes. A total of 6 strains were recorded with all above virulence genes, among 5 strains the hemolytic and proteolytic were up to 1:128, 1:128 and 1 strain the hemolytic and proteolytic were up to 1:128, 1:64, respectively. The hemolytic and proteolytic of E6 and X22 were 1:64, 1:64; and 1:32, 1:64, respectively, which were lower than others. The LD50 for M. amblycephala of the 6 strains were from 5.0×105 to 1.0×106 cfu/mL. The LD50 of another 2 strains E6 and X22 was 2.4×106 cfu/mL and 4.0×106 cfu/mL, respectively. The 8 strains showed highly sensitive to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, resistant to penicillins, and certain extent resistance to aminoglycosides and sulfonamides. The strains isolated from Jiangsu Province showed more resistant than the strains isolated from Hubei Province to enrofloxacin and tetracycline. The strains isolated from Huhei Province showed more resistant than the strains obtained from Jiangsu Province to novobiocin. It suggested that the strains isolated in Hubei and Jiangsu Province were no significant differences in pathogenicity, while presented certain regional difference in drug resistance.

  Effect of Pre-operative Condition on Pearl Production of Pearl Oyster Pinctada martensii 2014, 30 (8):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1246 Abstract + ( 906 )   PDF ( 532562KB )   ( 570 ) Three experiments were performed to investigate the effects of pre-operation condition on pearl production traits of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii from August 2009 to August 2011, for increasing the survival and pearl formation rate and pearl quality of operated pearl oyster Pinctada martensii. Experiment I: four groups, designated as A1, A2, A3 and A0 were established to evaluate the effects of stock density during the pre-operation condition process on pearl production traits. The stock density of A1, A2 and A3 groups were 6, 9 and 12 nets. The A0 was the control without pre-operation condition. Experiment II: Five groups, designated as B1, B2, B3, B4 and B0, were established to evaluate the effects of temperature and treat time during the pre-operation condition process on pearl production traits. The B1 and B2 group were separately treated for 1 and 2 hours at temperature range of 5-10oC and the B3 and B4 group were separately treated for 1 and 2 hours at temperature range of 10-15oC. The B0 group was the control without pre-operation condition. Experiment Ⅲ: Five groups, designated as C1, C2, C3, C4 and C0, were established to evaluate the effect of pre-operation condition with low temperature stimulating adults spawning on pearl production of pearl oyster with different ages. The donors and host pearl oysters of C1, C2, C3 and C4 were 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 year-old respectively. A control group without pre-operative condition was used and the age of the control was 2.0 year-old. The results showed that A2 group (9nets/unit), and B3 group (10-15℃ held for 1h) and C2 group (1.5 year-old) obtained the highest survival rates and retention rates in experiment I,Ⅱand Ⅲ. The pre-operation condition had significant effects on the survival and nucleus retention rates of pearl oysters (P＜0.05). There were not significant differences in survival and nucleus retention rates among the treated groups in Experiment I, II and III (P＞0.05). The experiments imply that pre-operation condition can evidently improve survival and nucleus retention rates of host oysters.

  Mariculture and MeteorologyⅠ——Study on Chilling Injury Index of Epinephelus coioides 2014, 30 (8):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2576 Abstract + ( 949 )   PDF ( 539159KB )   ( 687 ) Study on chilling injury tolerance for different size of Epinephelus coioides and their stress response is important for exploring lethal temperatures, choosing suitable culture cycle and taking disaster preventing and mitigating measures. Based on three different sizes of Epinephelus coioides, young fish (5 g), medium fish (200 g) and adult fish (600 g), the experiment studied survival rate and activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) on different low temperature stress. The results showed as follows: (1) The sever chilling injury index of young fish was 10℃with 50% mortality rate in three days and the medium fish was 11℃within duration of 1 day while the adult fish was 14℃. This indicated the ability of anti-stress of low temperature declined as the fish grew up. (2) The activities of SOD in gill and liver of young fish rose significantly as temperature decreased. For medium fish, the activities of SOD in gill dropped down. However, SOD in liver experienced an up-to-down changing process, which was the same as adult fish in both gill and liver.

  Mariculture and MeteorologyⅡ——Impacts of Climate Warming on Epinephelus coioides Chilling in Huidong 2014, 30 (8):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2575 Abstract + ( 1456 )   PDF ( 654626KB )   ( 695 ) Winter chill often causes serious damage to aquaculture, which restricts the development of fishery production. Study on Epinephelus coioides chilling characteristics and their response to climate warming is important for fishermen and decision makers in making strategies in determining culturing period, chill risk assessment and against hazardous weather. Based on measured sea temperature and air temperature data of Huidong meteorological station in Guangdong Province in winter 2011, winter sea temperature prediction model was developed using stepwise regression. Daily sea temperatures of winter in 1971—2012 were predicted. Combined daily sea temperature and chill criterion, winter chilling characteristic of Epinepheluscoioides were analyzed. Results showed that winter chill days decreased slightly in 1971—2012 and chill days of adult fish were more than medium fish; Daily chill probability of adult fish increased in mid and late December and decreased in February, with a relative high probability period between Jan 1 and Feb 15. Based on projected data of 1℃warming, it was estimated that chill days and chilling period for big fish will decrease significantly. Besides, average chill first date and last date will be Jan 15 and Feb 3 comparing to Jan 4 and Feb 7 of 1971—2000.

  Study on Body Temperature between the Heilongjiang Grass Lizard Takydromus amurensis and White-striped Grass Lizard Takydromus wolteri 2014, 30 (8):  53-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2566 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 531572KB )   ( 514 ) In order to study variation of body temperature of interspecific and intraspecific between Heilongjiang grass lizard and white-striped grass lizard in sympatric distribution, we measured body temperature of adult and larval of two grass lizards and their ambient temperature four times every day. Results showed that the average daily body temperature of two grass lizards both adult and larvae were no interspecific difference, but the larvae’s body temperature was significantly highly than adult’s body temperature. Daily average body temperature was affected by SVL, body weight and was significant correlation on environmental temperature. The changed curves of daily average body temperature of two grass lizards were single-peak type and the highest body temperature was on 10:00 in a day time. Body temperature of two lizards were significantly higher than ambient temperature, therefore, with the domain distribution of two grass lizards thermoregulation ability have a certain convergence, environment temperature significantly affected the temperature change.

  Analysis of Water Quality Parameters in Recirculating Aquaculture System 2014, 30 (8):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2633 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 611073KB )   ( 822 ) We conducted a 16-day culture experiment for tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) to study the relationships among water quality parameters in recirculating aquaculture system. Five water quality parameters (including ammonia, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature) and the amount of daily feeding were analyzed with principal component analysis. Results showed that the first principal component F1 is mainly related to pH, alkalinity and daily feeding; F2 is mainly related to dissolved oxygen and temperature; F3 is mainly related to ammonia. Besides, there is significant relationship between pH and alkalinity, ammonia and daily feeding, dissolved oxygen and temperature.

  Carbon Sink Capacity Forecast of Macroscopic Algae in the Coastal Areas of Dongtou County Based on Time Series Model 2014, 30 (8):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1550 Abstract + ( 674 )   PDF ( 589013KB )   ( 485 ) In order to grasp change regulation of macroscopic algae carbon sink capacity in Dongtou County for years and to predict accurately, the carbon sink capacity of macroscopic algae in Dongtou was primarily estimated based on the major macroscopic algae yield of Laver and Sargassum fusiform from 1991 to 2011, the highest year was in 2004(3650.08 t/a), the lowest year was in 1991(278.08 t/a), the average carbon sink capacity was 1875.33 t/a. ARIMA (0,1,3) model building was based on the carbon sink capacity of macroscopic algae in Dongtou. And the carbon sink capacity was identified, simulated and predicted. The results showed that, the residual error of ARIMA (0,1,3) model were all the white noise series. The carbon sink capacity of Macroscopic algae in Dongtou from 1996 to 2011was tested with this model, the highest relative error was 6.39%, the lowest relative error was 0.75%, all the relative error was below 10%, the fitting effect of the model was obvious. The ARIMA (0,1,3) model was feasible and accurate in a short time. According to the model, the carbon sink capacity of macroscopic algae in Dongtou from 2012 to 2014 would be 3697.21 t, 3570.50 t, 3773.32 t, it showed that the carbon sink capacity of macroscopic algae in the next three years in Dongtou would keep increasing on the whole. Therefore, carbon sink fisheries based on macroscopic algae mariculture had remarkable economic, ecological and social benefits. Construction of the incentive measures and mechanisms of the government, strengthen policy guidance and fishery development model innovation were suggested to promote the healthy development of macroscopic algae breeding carbon sink industry.

  Research on the Tripartite Game of Agricultural Products Logistics Finance Credit Risk Management 2014, 30 (8):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1080 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 607921KB )   ( 555 ) In order to speed up the construction of Chinese agricultural enterprise logistics and accelerate the rural economy, we need financial support. Combination of logistics and finance is an innovation. The innovation is very likely to alleviate the financing problem of China's agricultural enterprises. It provided a new idea for agricultural enterprises financing. In the paper, firstly, we need collect and analyze the developments of domestic and foreign agricultural products logistics and finance. Secondly, we use the principles of game theory, which tries to analyze each of the three main agricultural products logistics financial business risks, to find the game relationship that exists between both of them. Then, according to analyze the credit risk and establish a tripartite game model, to find a balanced solution and discuss the impact of various factors on the decision- making between the three main participants. Finally, puts forward agricultural products logistics financial credit risk control recommendations. We hope that our work could help make the credit risk prevention in practice.

  Study on Evaluation System of Agricultural Product Quality Control in Agricultural Leading Enterprises 2014, 30 (8):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1854 Abstract + ( 666 )   PDF ( 784520KB )   ( 430 ) In recent years, food safety events occur frequently, the quality of agricultural products is concerned, the agricultural products are most closely associated with human health so that is imperative to improve the quality of agricultural products. Based on the agricultural products quality control of agricultural leading enterprises, the study combined with the quality control of raw material supply, the corporate body quality control, government and consumers the quality control which three angles construct the corresponding evaluation index for leading agricultural enterprises to improve quality control. The selection of evaluation index referred to the characteristics of the agricultural leading enterprises and the special nature of agricultural products quality control, which used AHP method to choose the five first-level indicators: farmer (base) of agricultural products quality control, internal quality control of agricultural products, the market competitive advantage, the government's quality control, quality control of consumers, as well as refining second- level indicators. The leading agricultural enterprises could choose the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for the comprehensive evaluation of several years' data, and analysis the advantages and shortcomings of enterprise's agricultural products quality control, and constantly improve the quality of agricultural products and management.

  Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variation & Driving Factors of Grain Production in Shanxi Province 2014, 30 (8):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1236 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 1097173KB )   ( 476 ) In order to improve the overall grain production capacity and promote sustainable agriculture development in Shanxi Province, based on the Shanxi Province socio-economic statistics from 1978 to 2011, and the author analyzed the grain dynamic changes and regional differences in the past 34 years in Shanxi Province, then principal component analysis was used to the impact factors of grain production in Shanxi Province. The results showed that: (1) from 1978 to 2011, the characteristics of the dynamic change about the grain production in Shanxi Province mainly performed in two aspects. On one hand, it displayed a significantly growth in grain production; on the other hand, the curve line of total grain production and the changing trends of per capita grain production and output per average of grain production were basically alike. The province’s total grain output increased from 7.069 million tons in 1978 to 11.93 million tons in 2011, output per average of grain increased from 1915 kg to 3629 kg during 1978-2011. (2) Grain production of various regions showed obvious space difference in Shanxi Province, per capita grain showed that Piedmont plain and basin were significantly higher than those arid mountain area, grain increase rate by degrees showed that southern grain main production area faster that the mountainous area and mining cities. (3) 4 major components of the impacts on food production were socio-economic development level, the level of agricultural science and technology, economic efficiency of agriculture, natural disasters. The contribution rate of the four main components of food production in Shanxi Province were 44.47%, 19.58%, 13.27% and 10.69%, the output per average of grain, total power of agricultural machinery, agricultural of chemical fertilizers, rural electricity consumption, fiscal spending on agriculture were the main factors in the first principal components. The correlation coefficients were as high as 0.85, 0.94, 0.97, 0.95 and 0.71.

  Efficiency Analysis of Direct Grain Subsidy Policy in Beijing City 2014, 30 (8):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2149 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 639720KB )   ( 506 ) As an important agricultural support policy, direct subsidy of grain has always been the focus of China's concern. In order to study the efficiency of direct grain subsidy policy of Beijing, based on the relevant policy and data, using Cobb-Douglas production function regression analysis, DEA method and Malmquist index, this paper make a study of Beijing Direct Grain Subsidy and its efficiency. Analysis results indicated that: regression coefficient of the direct grain subsidy variable in Cobb-Douglas production function is positive and it passed through the test of significance. It promoted the growth of grain production in Beijing City to a certain degree. The result of DEA indicated that the mean values of comprehensive efficiency of 2009-2011 in Beijing City were 0.909, 0.837 and 0.901. Each district in Beijing has a different subsidy policy, thus different district in Beijing has different characteristics in the efficiency of direct grain subsidy.

  Research on the Relationship Between Hainan’s Tourism Development and Urban-rural Income Gap——An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data 2014, 30 (8):  96-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2850 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 451811KB )   ( 530 ) The problem of urban-rural income gap is more and more attention by the society, but the research on the relationship between tourism development and urban-rural income gap remains controversial, this article select data of Hainan province 17 regions from 2003 to 2012, builds an solid effect model containing two variables of the tourism development and urban-rural income gap to analyse the relationship between them, The result shows that they are cointegrated, the tourism development can narrow the urban-rural income gap in Hainan province.

  An Insight to Rural Land Value 2014, 30 (8):  100-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1290 Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 552870KB )   ( 1364 ) With the development of modern agriculture, new rural construction, and urban-rural integration development, rural land is being revitalized by land transformation or land consolidation. However, whether the land use rights transformation or land infrastructure construction leads to the conversion of rural land value. Therefore, reevaluating rural land value is an urgent practical need. In this paper, land value system and its estimation method both of cultivated land and rural housing land are discussed by documentary data analysis. The results indicate that: 1) Cultivated land is actually provided with material value (e.g. economic output value, social guarantee value, social stability value, ecological service value, and land development rights value) and spiritual value including land option value, land gift value and land existence value. Yet, due to lacking of knowledge and awareness on rural land value, more attention on economic output value, social guarantee value, social stability value, ecological service value are paid, while land development rights value and spiritual value are often ignored. 2) The framework of rural housing land value is not yet formed.View from the land property value and the value of land resources, it can also be divided into land carrying value, social guarantee value, ecological service value, and land development rights value.3)From the estimation method of rural land value, the income capitalization approach, cost replacement approach, shadow project method, and contingent valuation method are widely applied in the estimation of cultivated land value. On the contrary, the estimation of rural housing land value is in the theoretical discussion stage.Thence, rural housing land value reevaluation should be strengthened based on the particularity of land property rights and land use formation.On the other hand, land development rights value included in the rural land value system should be manifested and estimated. In addition, the estimation method of rural housing land value also should be innovated on the basis of the regulations for valuation on agricultural land and urban land, as well as the theory and method of classification and gradation of agricultural land and urban land.

  The Evaluation of the Construction Land Use Intensity in Rural Areas of Quasi-urbanizationed Districts and 2014, 30 (8):  108-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1113 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 1012031KB )   ( 467 ) In order to ease the highlighted contradiction in land use for urban and rural development in urban-rural fringe areas, and solve the low intensive utilization of construction land use in rural areas, the author had selected 13 evaluating indicators such as the per capita residential area, the cultivated land residential land ratio, the population density of rural residential land, the urbanization rate, per capita output of grain, etc. and the 10 towns of Jiulongpo District in Chongqing as the research objects, established a evaluation index system to evaluate the intensive utilization of rural construction land through the methods of comprehensive Delph, the analytic hierarchy process and the comprehensive evaluation. The author had divided the intensive utilization degree into 3 level, analyzed spatial pattern and accumulation rules of the rural construction land in research area, it had concluded the obvious changing trend of land use intensity in those northeast-southwest area and the slow changing trend in northwest-southeast based on ARCGIS 9.3, presented the cause of the low intensive use level of rural construction in urban-rural fringe land and made some suggestions to improve the intensive use level.

  Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Farmers’Income in Heilongjiang 2014, 30 (8):  116-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1262 Abstract + ( 638 )   PDF ( 579728KB )   ( 558 ) The grain farmers of Heilongjiang Province have made a significant contribution to national food security, but they always have been plagued by the lower income based on the survey data, this paper selects the multiple linear regression models and uses stepwise to analyze the influencing factors of grain farmers’income in Heilongjiang. The results showed that crop acreage per capita, the average amount of chemical fertilizer, state investment in agriculture, secondary or higher education accounted for an average of one hundred labor are the main factors of income of the farmers in Heilongjiang. Ultimately, the paper gave suggestions that promoting the large-scale planting, raising farmers' own quality and introducing the talents of indigenous knowledge, fighting for national agricultural policy and transferring Heilongjiang surplus labor by cross-border.

  The Analysis on City Residents Vegetables Buying Behavior and Its Influencing Factors of Harbin 2014, 30 (8):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1514 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 507598KB )   ( 586 ) In this paper, the investigation objects of questionnaire design was the city residents of Harbin, a typical northern city, and based on demographic factors, product factors and external factors. Combination the seasonal vegetable consumption and other characteristics of the northern region, to collect first-hand material, and empirical analysis of influencing factors of Harbin City residents vegetables buying behavior. The results showed that there was significant correlation between the vegetables purchase expenditures and the quality factors in product factors, and the government and media-oriented factors in external factors.

  Private Forest Direct Subsidy Scheme and Calculating——Based on Chinese Fir in Fujian Nanping 2014, 30 (8):  129-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1257 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 668460KB )   ( 542 ) The aim of direct subsidies of private forest is through subsidies to correct the deviation caused by the market regulation, on the premise of relying on the market to play a basic role in resource allocation. The author suggests that direct subsidies should be carried out according to Subregional tree species, Because of main factors affecting the economic benefits of forest culture and management, which amount of subsidies is difference between required rate of return and the average rate of return on investment. The Chinese fir in Fujian Nanping area as an example, calculating the amount of subsidies per hectare per year is about 54 yuan.

  Design and Application on Bulk Curing Barn Thermal Recycling System 2014, 30 (8):  137-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1418 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 640716KB )   ( 456 ) In order to make reasonable use of the surplus heat in the course of tobacco curing. Design of bulk curing barn thermal recycling system and application research.The results showed， This system energy conservation effect is obvious, coal saving rate of 27.86 ~ 28.78%, reduce the cuing cost 0.59 ~ 0.61 yuan per kilogram tobacco leaves, enhance the proportion of orange leaves，enhance the proportion of superior tobacco and the average price of the cured leaves increased by 1.6~ 1.8yuan/kg；The oil of cured tobacco leaf increased, enhanced color, the flue-cured tobacco leaves with green and dust sticking and variegation were less；Increase the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and k/ c l，reduce the content of total nitrogen and cl-，chemical composition tend to coordinate；Improve the aroma quality, reduce the mixed gas，significantly improve the sensory quality.

  Spatial-temporal Variation of Land-use in Songhua River Basin 2014, 30 (8):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1196 Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 979815KB )   ( 479 ) In order to uncover the change direction and extent of land use in Songhua River Basin in the first decade of 21th century at larger scale, the author analyzed land-use characteristics in Songhua River Basin using remote sensing (RS) maps of 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively. Based on RS-derived maps, three change matrices were constructed for detecting land-use change between 2000 and 2005, between 2005 and 2010, 2000 and 2010 through overlay analysis. Three sub-basins were compared during different time periods to analyze spatial pattern and spatial-temporal variation of land use in the basin. The outcomes indicated that wetland greatly decreased slightly from 2000 to 2010, especially in Nen River. In contrast, land for construction greatly increased in the same period, and all three sub-basins present the trend of increasing, especially which of the Second Songhua River, increased by 11.52%. Farmland slightly increased from 2000 to 2010, but significant different were identified among three sub-basins. Farmland in Nen River obviously increased, but decreased in two other sub-basins. The dynamic conversion process of land use was dominated by wetland-cultivated land and cultivated land-construction land. The forestland had relative high retention rates. In spatial scale, the types of land use mainly were changed in the upstream plains of Nen River and downstream plains of Songhua River mainstream. The results also indicated that: the cross conversion in the Nen River frequently occurred among the types of land use, and a large part of internal conversion in the Ⅰ categories of land use had happened. But conversion occurred among only a few the types of land use in the Songhua River mainstream.

  Study on Cultivated Land Protection in Urbanization Process in Changshou District of Chongqing Based on Regression Analysis 2014, 30 (8):  150-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1378 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 688722KB )   ( 498 ) During the period of ‘11th 5-Year Plan’, rapid development of urbanization in Changshou District of Chongqing, accompanied by sharp decline in cultivated land resources and contradictions of economic development have become increasingly prominent. In order to find out ways and means on how to protect cultivated land resources in Changshou District, ensure food security and alleviate resource pressures caused due to urbanization. Regression model had been applied to make quantitative analysis of the relationship between urbanization and change in cultivated land in Changshou District while at the same time promoting sustainable economic and social development. The results showed that: rapid development of urbanization was the direct cause for the decrease in cultivated land resources in which areas with high rate of urbanization, had encountered a decline in the size and productivity of arable land. Hence, agricultural land management system and innovative measures to deal with land issues were of paramount importance.

  Soil Environment and Management Technology Under the Condition of Maize Straw to Soil in Wheat Production Areas of Huang-Huai-Hai Region 2014, 30 (8):  156-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1195 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 540639KB )   ( 778 ) With mechanized process, the proportion of two crops’ straw to soil is increasing year by year in wheat and maize rotation of Huang-Huai-Hai Region, and the increase of area of maize’s straw to soil put forward a new challenge to the soil environment and the management technology. The realistic background of maize straw to soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Region and the negative influence brought by unreasonable treatment to maize straw were introduced in the paper. The selection and application of straw returned machinery, the field operation specifications, the supporting cultivation and tillage, nutrient management and fertilization technique after maize straw to soil and wheat sowing, etc were reviewed respectively to present integrated management technology under the new production condition. In order to enrich the technique system of straw to soil, a further research prospects had been presented from the soil and climate conditions, combination tillage machine, application of fertilizer nutrient and additive, soil microorganism, etc.

  Effects of the Forms and Bioavailability of Pb in Pb-contaminated Soil by Different Organic Fertilizer Treatments 2014, 30 (8):  162-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1172 Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 415151KB )   ( 645 ) The aim was to research principle and effect of decreasing the toxicity of Pb in the Pb-contaminated soil. Three organic fertilizers were added in the pb-contaminated soil. The forms of Pb were analyzed. The results suggested that there were very significant effect on the exchangeable speciation; carbonate bound and organic matter bound. The Fe-Mn oxide of Pb had no significant effect and the residual form had significant effect by cattle manure treatment. All the forms had very significant effect by the chicken manure and pig manure. The right amount of organic fertilizers can reduce the exchangeable speciation, carbonate and bioavailability, respectively and increased the Fe-Mn oxide, organic matter bound and residual form. The effects of the three organic fertilizer treatments were chicken manure＞cattle manure＞pig manure. The organic fertilizer changed the forms of Pb and reduced the bioavailability. The organic fertilizer is a better amendment of controlling heavy metal contaminated soil.

  The Study on the Method of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Based on the Perspective of Management of Resources and Environment 2014, 30 (8):  167-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1021 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 601263KB )   ( 695 ) The technology of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation is a transaction from traditional fertilization to scientific fertilization, which can not only decrease costs and increase benefits of agriculture, meeting farmers’ needs of rational fertilization and profit maximization, but also reduce agricultural non-point source pollution and greenhouse gas emissions greatly. The project of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation started from the year 2005 has achieved the historical leap from experimental unit to consolidation and then to further popularization. All regions carried out the project of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in two routes of different districts and crops, preliminarily explored its application modes and driven the development of the industries of technology extension, formula fertilizer processing and sales service, increasing relevant talents demand. But the following factors weaken its efficiency: unsubstantial technology extension, narrow coverage and universal extensive fertilization. It’s necessary that it was needed to promote enterprise participation, establish soil testing and fertilizer recommendation index of horticultural crops, strengthen their popularization of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation and form efficient technical guidance and agrochemical service models in the future. The improvement of soil testing instruments, various formula fertilizers’ research and application and agrochemical service system will accelerate overall coverage of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology and mass production of formula fertilizers, replacing traditional high carbon agriculture with low-carbon agriculture gradually and pushing forward leap type development of agricultural transformation feasibly. Appropriate management means for resources and environment could be used to guide farmers to participate in carbon trading market voluntarily with the application of this technology, which provides a brand new approach for emission source of high margin costs in emission reduction to reduce emission, simultaneously bringing about double economic benefit to the people who use it. Hence, great contribution is made to the popularization of this technology and reduction in pollution and greenhouse gases emissions of Chinese agriculture.

  Potentail Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil in Pingliang City, Gansu Province 2014, 30 (8):  176-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1655 Abstract + ( 661 )   PDF ( 544982KB )   ( 572 ) In order to research the potential pollution characteristics of heavy metals in farmland, from 2004 to 2011, the author sampled heilu soil, loessial soil, and so on 6 soil types, including 147 soil samples, detected 5 kinds of heavy metal content, which were As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, in farmland of Pingliang City of Gansu Province, and the potential ecological risk and pollution degree of the heavy metals in farmland were evaluated using Hakanson ecological risk index. The results showed that: the average content of As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd were 9.96, 0.038, 32.16, 65.98 and 0.119 mg/kg, the coefficient of variation were 30.72%, 93.94%, 47.72%, 28.36% and 60.84%, the potential ecological risk coefficient were 3.09-18.04, 3.85-323.88, 1.19-30.90, 0.46-3.22, 3.96-100.85, 6 soil farmland risk indexes were 29.21-356.69. The distribution of Hg, Cd was not uniform, while As, Pb, Cr was relatively uniform, so the soil heavy metal in farmland had potential ecological risk, Hg, Cd had bigger risk.

  A Review in situ Immobilization of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil Using Environmental Material 2014, 30 (8):  181-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2828 Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 471573KB )   ( 1096 ) In view of severity and urgency of soil heavy metals contamination, the author gave a review of current situation, source and repair methods of soil heavy metals contamination, and especially introduced the material and mechanism of situ immobilization, and summarized problems and direction of research in situ immobilization of heavy metals contaminated soil. These will provide information and clue for related research.

  The Study of Soil-Landscape Model Transportability at Hilly and Mountainous Area 2014, 30 (8):  186-191.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1428 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 767580KB )   ( 480 ) In soil science, the studies of quantitative soil-landscape models have become very active in recent years. However, transportability of these models to unsampled landscapes is still unknown. In this study, a 2 km2 typical hilly study area in southwestern China was chosen as the origin spot. And the soil-landscape model in origin area was built by using multiple stepwise regression with the data of soil properties and terrain attributes. Based on the distance from the origin spot, the study area was divided into 4 regions (denoted A, B, C, D area). All these 4regions which had similar terrain and soil environment were used to analyze the transportability of the soil-landscape model. The results showed that: soil-landscape model got predictions with high accuracy level in general. As the distance from origin spot increases, the mean absolute error (MEA) and root mean of squared error (RMSE) had shown a tendency to increase as well. These meant the accuracy of prediction was reduced with the distance. However, when the distance reached to a threshold the accuracy was no lower any more. In 4 regions A, B, C and D, there were proportions that the relative error (RE) was more than 20%. And the farther from origin area, the greater they became. Meanwhile the proportion that relative error (RE) was less than 10% decreased gradually.

  Status of Farmland Soil Nutrients and Its Variation Characteristics in Binjiang District, Hangzhou 2014, 30 (8):  192-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1410 Abstract + ( 675 )   PDF ( 482042KB )   ( 571 ) In order to understand soil nutrient conditions and its variation characteristics over 30 years in Binjiang District, the author put forward proper countermeasures of soil fertility management and improvement, and promoted the sustainable development of agriculture. The author used the status of farmland soil nutrients to compare in pair with the data measured in the second national soil surveys. The results showed that: over the past 30 years, soil pH tended to slightly alkaline, affecting crop growth. The storage of organic matter and total nitrogen were low and didn’t change significantly. Soil available phosphorus and potassium were imbalance and changed significantly; available phosphorus increased significantly while available potassium reduced obviously. Soil fertilizer level was poor and had slightly lower. The content of soil total salt was high and some samples had inhibited crop growth. Therefore, the author put forward improvement measures, such as soil testing and formula fertilizing, ameliorating alkaline soil and adding organic manure.

  The Characteristics and Tendency of Precipitation Change in Shanxi Nearly 49 Years 2014, 30 (8):  197-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0943 Abstract + ( 770 )   PDF ( 1206969KB )   ( 696 ) In order to understand the variation of precipitation in Shanxi Province, rationally develop and utilize the climate resources in Shanxi, according to the precipitation data of 65 weather stations from 1960 to 2008, the characteristics and the discipline of precipitation change in Shanxi nearly 49 years were analyzed by using linear trend analysis, smoothing averages method, wavelet transform and mutation analysis. The results showed that: the average precipitation, spring precipitation, summer precipitation and autumn precipitation were going down, winter precipitation were going up, and the rate of precipitation was -16.0 mm/10 a, -1.4 mm/10 a, -8.0 mm/10 a, -7.2 mm/10 a, 0.8 mm/10 a. The average precipitation, summer precipitation and winter precipitation were based on a cycle of 15 years and 5-10 years. Spring precipitation and autumn precipitation were based on a cycle of 5-10 years. The average precipitation happened to mutate, and the mutational time was in 1978. Seasonal precipitation weren’t happened to mutate.

  Analysis on the Characteristics of Climate Warming and Its Influence on Deep Ground Temperature and Permafrost 2014, 30 (8):  205-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1117 Abstract + ( 726 )   PDF ( 612781KB )   ( 486 ) In order to study the characteristics of regional warming and its influence on deep ground temperature and permafrost, the author adopted climate trend rate analysis method to analyze the changes in temperature, deep ground temperature and permafrost depth in western Liaoning at the different time scales from 1961 to 2010. The results showed that: in western Liaoning, the climate was trending to become warming, the annual average temperature tendency rate was 0.371°C/10 a, the climate warming period appeared mainly from September to February, winter was a main season of climate warming, the trend rate was up to 0.778℃ /10 a. The impact of climate warming made significant influence on deep ground temperature and maximum depth of permafrost (P<0.01), as annual average temperature increased by 1℃, the average ground temperature of deep soil increased by 0.5℃; in autumn, the temperature increased by 1℃, the depth of permafrost reduced by 5.8 cm; the trend rate of deep ground temperature was 0.258℃/10 a, the trend rate of maximum depth of permafrost was -4.095 cm/10 a. The above results could be used as the basis of development and utilization of climate resources and sustainable development of industry and agriculture in western Liaoning.

  The Characteristics of Utilizable Precipitation over Heilongjiang from 1961 to 2011 2014, 30 (8):  210-216.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1153 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 1098506KB )   ( 509 ) In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in Heilongjiang, achieve reasonable use of water resources and development, and to provide a scientific basis for the water allocation and droughts and floods of agricultural, the authors used the observation data at 60 stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2011, the spatial and temporal variations of utilizable precipitation were analyzed by using the method of regression analysis. The results showed that: in recent 51 years, the utilizable precipitation was declined in Heilongjiang, as the climate trend rate -4.4 mm/10 a, spring and winter increase significantly, summer and autumn showed a decreasing trend. Spatial distribution of the change rate shows that this trend was general but not universal. The water supply and demand in Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain would become increasingly prominent. The precipitation played a decisive role for the utilizable precipitation; the temperature also had a profound impact on the water resources in Heilongjiang.

  Analysis of Characteristics of Precipitation Changes About 53 Years in Qingyang, Gansu Province 2014, 30 (8):  217-222.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1432 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 795075KB )   ( 542 ) In order to reveal precipitation characteristics and server for agro-meteorology, the author used precipitation data from 1960 to 2012 in Huanxian, Qingcheng and Xifeng County of Qingyang City in Gansu Province, used the coefficient of variation, changing trend, the cumulative anomaly and T test for analysis. The result showed that: the precipitation variable rate was large and the precipitation decreased in Qingyang City, the annual precipitation decrease was mainly caused by the spring and autumn decrease in precipitation. It had mutation characteristics. The mutation point of Huanxian and Qingcheng was in 1968, Xifeng’s was in 2001. Tended to decrease due to precipitation, had a negative impact on agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry production. Meanwhile, due to the large variability of precipitation, most of the year was drought and flood pressure.

  The Feature Analysis of Frost Event in Shanxi Province in Recent 50 Years 2014, 30 (8):  223-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1005 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 1150266KB )   ( 472 ) In order to know the feature of frost event in the round, and provide more reference for agricultural fine compartment, the feature of frost event in Shanxi Province was analyzed by using minimum surface temperature data day by day of 70 meteorological stations, and applying linear trend and wavelet analysis method. The results showed that: (1) there had apparently spatial deference among the first frost, the last frost and the frost-free period. The earliest first frost differed the latest one about 79 days, the earliest last frost differed the latest one about 112 days, and there differed frost-free period about 282 days. (2) As a whole, the first frost occurred later, the last frost occurred earlier, while the frost-free period became longer. The later trend of the first frost was increasing after 1990s. There had apparent regional difference of the first frost and the frost-free period with decadal change, but the last frost not. (3) There had much scale feature of the first frost, the last frost, and the frost-free period. But they had apparent difference. There had different abrupt change in different time scale. (4) Serious frost disaster occurred 1960s and 1970s, the probability of serious last frost became increasing after 21 century. So only taking scientific compartment way, adjusting reasonably plant layout, people could improve the level of agriculture industry.

  Diagnostic Analysis of Moist Potential Vorticity for ‘7.21’ Beijing Rainstorm 2014, 30 (8):  232-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1896 Abstract + ( 980 )   PDF ( 1210215KB )   ( 650 ) In order to explore the relationship between moist potential vorticity field characteristics and Beijing ‘7.21’ heavy rainstorm, using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the author conducted a diagnostic analysis of moist potential vorticity for the ‘7.21’ torrential rain process in Beijing. The results showed that: the favorable configuration that the cold air in high MPV1 value center of the middle and high level troposphere superimposed on the negative MPV1 of the middle and low level troposphere, which was very beneficial for the potential instability energy storage and release over Beijing region, and the development of the heavy rainfall in Beijing. The strong precipitation was closely related to the negative center of MPV1 and intensive band of MPV1. The intense precipitation in Beijing correspond with the positive area of MPV2, and the direction of movement of its precipitation zone coincided with the direction of movement of the center of positive MPV2. While the negative MPV2 downward extension degree, might be closely related to the Beijing precipitation intensity. Negative MPV2 region was also consistent with frontal direction. The mechanism of the formation of atmospheric instability over heavy rain area was that the high and low level systems coupled configuration, the warm air vertical motion triggered the convective instability energy release, and the ascending motion had been strengthened. The atmospheric convective stability in middle and high level troposphere, while the conditional symmetric instability stratification in the high and low level troposphere. So that the airflow tilted up to upper level troposphere, and maintained the strong precipitation in Beijing.

  The Climate Characteristics and Influence Factors of Acid Rain in Rizhao 2014, 30 (8):  239-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2095 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 649155KB )   ( 510 ) In order to effectively reduce the hazard of acid rain to ecosystems, buildings and human health in Rizhao City, provide the decision basis for the control of acid rain, based on the observation data of acid rain and pollutant emissions data in Rizhao during 2006-2012 years, the author analyzed the characteristics of climate change of acid rain and studied the effects of rainfall, wind, fog, marine aerosol and other conditions pollutants on the pH value of precipitation and acid rain frequency. The research shows that: (1) as a whole, acid rain frequency in recent 7 years in Rizhao was on the rise. The year and season change of it’s strength and frequency was obviously. Relatively summer and winter were heavier pollution seasons. (2) Rainfall, wind direction, wind speed and the fog had a greater influence on the frequency of acid rain. (3) The pH value of acid rain and SO2, NO2 emissions presented a significantly negative relationship. Especially in coastal areas, marine aerosol significantly impacted on pH.

  Differences of Microclimate in Sunlight Greenhouse in Different Years 2014, 30 (8):  244-249.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1833 Abstract + ( 738 )   PDF ( 604586KB )   ( 513 ) In order to research the microclimate differences and the conditions the microclimate which meet the need of vegetable growth in sunlight greenhouse in different years, to realize objective management in sunlight greenhouse, based on the microclimate data in sunlight greenhouse in the warm and cold years, combined with the meteorological conditions needed by the growth of cucumber, the author analyzed the microclimate differences, about temperature, sunlight and air relative humidity, in sunlight greenhouse between the warm year and the cold year. The results showed that: in sunlight greenhouse, the temperature was more suitable for the growth of cucumber in the warm year, and the sunshine was relatively abundant, while the thermal hazard risk was greater, so the management in sunlight greenhouse should focus on the prevention of thermal hazard; the heat in sunlight greenhouse in the cold year could not meet the needs of growth of cucumber, especially in winter. There was chilling or freezing injury risk in the cold year, so the management in sunlight greenhouse should focus in the prevention of chilling or freezing injury.

  The Analysis of Temperature Characteristic for 58 Years in Shihezi, Xinjiang 2014, 30 (8):  250-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1267 Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 1027679KB )   ( 452 ) In order to provide climate basis for sustainable development of agriculture, rational development of agricultural production and utilization of climate resources in Shihezi, the author analyzed the climate change characteristics of annual average temperature, the monthly average temperature, annual maximum and minimum temperature during 1954 to 2011 in Shihezi, Xinjiang. The results showed that: the annual average temperature, monthly average temperature, annual maximum and minimum temperature were upward trend; the monthly average temperatures was upward trend too; the mutation point of annual average temperature was in 1986, the mutation point of annual maximum temperature was in 1976, the mutation point of annual minimum temperature was in 1981, and each had a respective cycle characteristics.

  Diagnostic Analysis of Track Variation and Physical Quantities of the Typhoon ‘DAMREY’ 2014, 30 (8):  256-261.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1594 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 1094868KB )   ( 511 ) The impact of typhoon on Liaoning has become much more serious in recent years. Rainstorm disasters induced by typhoon have a great influence on human activities, which have being the common and most serious one due to its heavy rain, long duration as well as broad influence. Therefore, it’s greatly significant to study the characteristics of typhoon rainstorm and its forecasting technique. The track variation of the typhoon ‘AMREY’ was explained by atmospheric circulation’s evolution and the double typhoon effect, and the causes of rainstorm induced by ‘DAMREY’ were also comprehensively analyzed based on routine weather map data as well as its physical quantities. Results showed that: there’s a strong dynamic condition in ‘DAMREY’ circulation itself. The inburst of weak cold advection strengthened the convergence of the perturbation in low layer and a strong vertical motion was aroused coupling with westerly jet due to the convergence in low layer and divergence in up layer. The join of cold and warm air provided a favorable condition for rainstorm. In addition, abundant water vapor was provided by southwest jet along with a wide and deep water vapor transfer belt. At last, the physical quantities of the initiation of typhoon rainstorm were summarized for typhoon rainstorm forecast in the future, which was more helpful to improve the forecast accuracy in this region.

  Research About Using Scenedesmus dimorphus to Treat Ducks-wastewater 2014, 30 (8):  262-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1558 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 907717KB )   ( 546 ) In order to reduce the environmental hazards of ducks-wastewater and decrease the cost of largescale cultivation of microalgae, Scenedesmus dimorphus was used for treatment of ducks- wastewater to investigate the effects of different pH, inoculation amount and concentration of indole acetic acid on the biomass production rate of Scenedesmus dimorphus. On the basis of single factor experiments, the culture conditions of Scenedesmus dimorphus in ducks-wastewater were optimized by response surface method. The results indicated that: Scenedesmus dimorphus had a good processing capacity on ducks- wastewater, the removal rate of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen reached 79.27% , 83.27% and 88.37% , respectively. The optimal culture conditions were determined 8.8 of pH value, 30.63% of inoculation and 0.60 mg/L of indole acetic acid, and a high biomass production rate of 0.0723 g/(L·d) was obtained. The results suggested that ducks-wastewater was a promising feedstock for production of microalgae.

  A Review on the Research and Application of AquaCrop Model 2014, 30 (8):  270-278.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1071 Abstract + ( 1312 )   AquaCrop is a Crop growth model developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It is freely released in 2009 and has been widely validated all over the world. However, the application of AquaCrop in China is quite limited. The main purpose of this paper is to provide useful information for Chinese colleague to get to know about AquaCrop and promote the application of AquaCrop in China. Here, the foundation, calculation procedures, current application and limitations of AquaCrop were reviewed. According to the results of numerous related studies, we can conclude that AquaCrop can provide acceptable simulation result and support the irrigation management decision-making. Meanwhile, as a new crop growth model, its adaptability needs further validation and the application area should be further exploited.

  Progress on the Application of Bioinformatics in Digital Agriculture 2014, 30 (8):  279-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1194 Abstract + ( 928 )   PDF ( 507065KB )   ( 648 ) Bioinformatics is an interdiscipline, which is developing recently and has many advantages in handling huge biological data. We first described the history of digital agriculture and its current research progress at home and abroad. Then we further discussed the practical application and contribution of bioinformatics to digital agriculture, regarding database construction, data mining, comparative genomics, in silico cloning, and computer-aided drug design. Finally, we emphasized the importance and the approaches of developing bioinformatics, and discussed its role in digital agriculture.

  Programming Calculation Method of Grassland Drought Area and Operational Application 2014, 30 (8):  285-288.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1336 Abstract + ( 704 )   PDF ( 697520KB )   ( 520 ) Using drought degree evaluation of different types of steppe regions in Inner Mongolia, according to the country standard of Arid Disaster Grade in The Northern Grassland of China, a series of functions those comprised scattered data interpolation and isopleth analysis, complicated region resolution, surface area calculation, drawing distribution map of drought degree and the drought degree area statistics of different steppe regions were achieved through the programming, in order to improve the level of quantitative evaluation of steppe drought and the ability of high-efficiency operational applications. The computational method met the demand of the specific operational applications that the drought occurrence degrees of different types of steppe area were analyzed and evaluated objectively. This article for reference was supplied to the interrelated operational works.

  Estimation of Soil Salinity in Cltivated Land at County Scale Based on HJ1A-HIS Hyperspectral Image 2014, 30 (8):  289-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1315 Abstract + ( 935 )   PDF ( 1022412KB )   ( 523 ) Soil salinization is widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid region of China. The typical saline area in northern of Xinjiang, Manas County was taken as the study area. The environmental satellite hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was taken as the main data source, combined with the measured cultivated soil salinity. The author analyzed correlation between spectral reflectance and salt content and screened sensitive band of salinity response in farmland, established farmland salt content quantitative inversion model based on environmental satellite images by multiple linear regression. The results showed that: salt response bands of HSI image located in the visible and near-infrared bands, between 500 to 549 nm and 696 to 776 nm range, correlation coefficients were greater than 0.5. The best HSI reflectivity (lgP) predictive accuracy of the model could be realized on the area of farmland soil salinity remote sensing inversion.

  Research on Rural Power Market Cournot Equilibrium Model with Bilateral Financial Options 2014, 30 (8):  295-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3146 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 1544959KB )   ( 480 ) To break monopoly, improve rural market efficiency and curb market power abuse are the fundamental direction of electricity reform. Based on non-cooperative game theory, a Cournot model with bilateral financial options is developed. Some IPPs and a grid company are in the game of two-period in options and spot markets. They sign a bilateral options contract in the options market in the first instance and make a decision to sell the optional options quantity; and then the IPPs compete in spot market, make a decision to choice they power output to their maximum expected benefit in the event that the options which they hold and sell have been known. The model can be solved by backward induction method, and the influences of different parameters in the model to the market equilibrium are analyzed. By comparing with existing models, the results show that the model with bilateral financial options has stronger effect on power market and it can improve social welfare greatly from the theoretical studies and numerical simulation analysis. It provides a new idea to guide the competition orderly and effectively for regulators.

  Design and Research on Agricultural Two-way Video Diagnosis System 2014, 30 (8):  302-306.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1598 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 670038KB )   ( 473 ) Agricultural informatization is the important method to realize agricultural modernization for China. With the development of multi-way audio-visual transfer technology based on 3G, people urgently needs the audio-visual communication tool and remote professional diagnosis system. The author used open-source system Open Meetings to design and secondary develop, and realized remote video communication among agricultural users, agricultural technicians and agricultural professors. This system had been integrated in agricultural technology extension informatization platform, and supported serving agriculture, rural areas and peasant and agricultural informatization. The actual results showed that: the system has effectively promoted agricultural technology extension and information resources integration after the system deployment.

  A Review on the Current Development of Rural Tourism At Home and Abroad 2014, 30 (8):  307-314.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2345 Abstract + ( 1109 )   PDF ( 637646KB )   ( 1248 ) Combing the development context of China rural tourism, summarizing our county current rural tourism development background, presenting，situation and development model. the orientation problem of rural tourism research problem performances for rural tourism definition, consumption, status and estimation, behavior, development, promotion of government，sustainable development, tourism influence and community participation, ancient village tourism development and so on. The essence of rural tourism in rural economy is based on rural culture. Both problems and achievements exist in rural tourism, problems should be corrected and achievement should be promoted. There is a result that: First, first, local experience should be learnt in global integration to realize the conflictions of tourism development and cultural inheritance. Second，Collaborative development of economy, construction, environment in rural tourism is our basic target and main guarantee to develop urban and rural tourism..

  Discussion on Recreational Agriculture——the Challenges and Opportunities of Recreational Agriculture in Shanghai 2014, 30 (8):  315-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1166 Abstract + ( 736 )   PDF ( 565935KB )   ( 466 ) Recreational agriculture has a trend of fast development in China. The paper suggested that recreational agriculture was a combination of leisure behavior and agriculture and it belonged to leisure industry. The internal factors in the development of recreational agriculture in China were change of agricultural structure and rational return of social concepts, while the external factors were support from government, increase of leisure time, growth of income and convenience of traffic. The recreational agriculture in Shanghai is facing challenges of regional competition and industry competition. Further integration with the second and tertiary industry was suggested to further develop recreational industry.