Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.7 Published:05 March 2014

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  Adaptation Mechanisms of Typical Psammophyte Artemisia wudanica on Sand Dune: Canopy Seed Bank and Myxospermy 2014, 30 (7):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2678 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 535312KB )   ( 668 ) In order to expound the ecological function of two mechanisms in colonization of Artemisia wudanica on the active dune, the author summarized the previous study of typical psammophyte A.wudanica on the influences of canopy seed bank on seed bank pattern, germination and seedling emergence, and the effects of seed mucilage on seed dispersal and germination. The results showed that, canopy seed bank and myxospermy contributed seeds gradually and facilitated aggregated distribution of seedling around the mother plant of A.wudanica. Canopy seed bank and myxospermy function to adjust seed dispersal, seed bank pattern and timing of seed germination and seedling emergence to alleviate the impacts of erosion and sand burial, seasonal drought on seed availability and seedling recruitment, making establishment of psammophytes easier. It had some implications in the vegetation restoration and plant diversity conservation in the sand dune field.

  State-owned Forest Ecosystem Service Value in Jianyang and Impact on Regional Ecological Security 2014, 30 (7):  5-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2656 Abstract + ( 818 )   PDF ( 570680KB )   ( 555 ) In order to improve people’s awareness of the value of state-owned forest ecosystem, the reasonable development and utilization of forest resources, make state- owned forest ecological compensation standard, based on the theory and methods of ecology and ecological economics, the valuation of the state-owned forest ecosystem services in Jianyang was estimated. Also from the perspective of ecosystem service, the author analyzed state-owned forest ecosystem in Jianyang to the impact on regional ecological security. The results showed that: the total value of 8 state-owned forest ecosystem services in Jianyang was 14.7924×108 yuan/a, the direct and indirect economic value was 2.6936×108 yuan/a and 12.0988×108 yuang/a respectively, the indirect economic value was as 4.49 times as the direct economic value. Among contribution of value of all ecosystem services, the order of value was below: protecting biodiversity＞air quality purifying＞C fixation and O2 release＞soil and water conservation＞timber product＞water storage＞recreation and ecotourism＞employment. State- owned forest ecosystem had great ecological and economic benefits, it played an irreplaceable role in maintenance of regional economic and social stability and ecological security etc, however, the ecosystem service functions had not fully utilized.

  Establishment of Leaf-explant Regeneration System in Vitro of Triploid Hybrids of White Poplar ‘Beilixiongzhu 1’and ‘Beilinxiongzhu 2’ 2014, 30 (7):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2631 Abstract + ( 1508 )   PDF ( 1324359KB )   ( 740 ) Abastract: To solve the difficulties in vegetative propagation of triploid hybrids of white poplar '‘Beilinxiongzhu 1’and ‘Beilinxiongzhu 2’, the effects on disinfection method and adventitious buds from different hormones combination were studied by taking semi-woody shoots came from triploid hybrids of white poplar ‘Beilinxiongzhu 1’and ‘Beilinxiongzhu 2’ as explants. The results indicated that: (1) the suitable method for disinfection of the two triploid hybrids was to treat for 20 minutes by 20% 84 disinfectant. (2)6-BA and TDZ had significant effects on regeneration rate and coefficient of the adventitious buds. However, NAA had insignificant effect on regeneration rate of the adventitious buds, but significant effect on coefficient of the adventitious buds. The optimum medium for the regeneration of adventitious bud from leaves in ‘Beilinxiongzhu 1’ was MS+ 0.2 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA+ 0.005 mg/L TDZ. (3) Significant effects on regeneration rate and coefficient of the adventitious buds of 6-BA, NAA, and TDZ were observed in the triploid hybrid ‘Beilinxiongzhu 2’. The optimum medium for effective inducing adventitious buds in vitro leaves was MS+ 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.05 mg/L NAA+ 1.2 mg/L ZT. The rapid propagation systems of leaf explants in the two triploid hybrids were successfully established, which provided a platform for large-scale vegetative propagation and further genetic transformation of ‘Beilinxiongzhu 1’ and ‘Beilinxiongzhu 2’.

  The Relationship between Yield and Nutrient Content of Rootstock and Scion on Rubber Budding Tree 2014, 30 (7):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2585 Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 477334KB )   ( 540 ) The change of the dry rubber content, soluble solids content, thiol content, sucrose content, inorganic phosphorus content and protein content in the latex of rootstock and scion on different yield rubber budding tree were analysis in the article for discussing the relationship between nutrient content and yield. The results showed that (1) There is no difference between the rootstock and scion in supper-high-yield and high-yield rubber tree beside the thiol content and the sucrose content in rootstock of supper-high-yield rubber tree is very significantly higher than the scion itself, but the dry rubber content and the soluble solids content in scion of CK is very significantly higher than the rootstock itself. (2) The nutrient content in rootstock of higher yield rubber tree are higher relatively, the dry rubber content, soluble solids content, thiol content and sucrose content in supper-high-yield rubber tree are very significantly higher than the high-yield and CK. (3) The thiol content, sucrose content and protein content have no very significantly difference in the scion. The good rootstock material is more important than the nutrient transportation between the rootstock and scion for higher yield on rubber budding tree.

  Effect of Deweile Plant Nutrients on Fruit and Leaf in Camellia oleifera 2014, 30 (7):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2654 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 595368KB )   ( 704 ) This paper sprayed Camellia oleifera young fruit and drenched soil with Deweile plant nutrients by 4 different treatment methods, the leaf surface spraying of water, drenching 300 times, spraying 300 times and spraying 600 times, and set black control to explored the effect of different treatment methods on Camellia oleifera fruit-retention rate, fruit and leaf. The results showed that: fruit-retention rate of black control was only 51.04%, spraying 600 times was the highest, increased 31.70% than black control, spraying 300 times increased 21.39% and drenching 300 times increased 15.65% than black control. Deweile plant nutrients could also promote Camellia oleifera fruit enlargement and growth of leaves, but there was some difference effect on different series of Camellia oleifera.

  Study on Drought Resistance of 3 Species of Leguminosae Lianas 2014, 30 (7):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2487 Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 594833KB )   ( 925 ) The author chose roots of 3 species of Leguminosae lianas: Millettia pachycarpa Benth, Millettia tsui Metc and Mucuna sempervirens Hemsl as the research materials, and studied on drought resistance of 3 species of lianas by osmotic treatment of their root systems by PEG6000. Through the research, with the increase of the concentration of PEG6000, the PMP, MDA and the total soluble sugar content of 3 species of lianas had shown a increasing tendency, Chl had shown a declining tendency. The drought resistance of 3 species of Leguminosae lianas was arrayed: Mucuna sempervirens Hemsl＞Millettia tsui Metc＞Millettia pachycarpa Benth.

  Research Progress of Effects of Meteorological Factors on Apple Yield and Quality 2014, 30 (7):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1761 Abstract + ( 948 )   PDF ( 507931KB )   ( 709 ) In order to research the influence of meteorological factors on yield and quality of apple, decades of related researches abroad were reviewed, which discovered that the quantitative researches of the influence of meteorological factors on yield and quality were not sufficient, and the transformation mechanism of apple quality characters was still unclear. Researches about quantitative indicators of apple quality on which sunshine, temperature and water influenced were still less. Quantitative researches about the influence of meteorological factors on apple yield and quality will become key contents in the apple industry.

  Research Advance in Resource Utilization of Citrus Dregs 2014, 30 (7):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1892 Abstract + ( 1533 )   PDF ( 483770KB )   ( 1047 ) Citrus were cultivated greatly in China. The processing of citrus industry produced large amounts of citrus dregs, which polluted the environment. It had become one of the most important bottlenecks that limited the sustainable development of the citrus industry. In this review, the author analyzed and compared the main approaches to deal with citrus dregs at home and abroad, from the view of economic and environmental, including sanitary landfill, active ingredients extraction, citrus dregs drying feed and fermentative production of organic fertilizer. Advantages and disadvantages of different approaches were also detailed. It was concluded that: people produced organic fertilizer by using superior strains as the core, not only made use of effective substance in citrus dregs, but also avoided polluting environment. The process was simple and less cost. In a word, it’s an economic and environmental choice, and could be actually promoted in the application.

  Study on NIR Spectral Detection Model of Tobacco Total Nitrogen Content 2014, 30 (7):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2323 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 544087KB )   ( 627 ) An effective NIR spectral detection model of tobacco total nitrogen content was explored, and effective wavelengths for the detection of tobacco total nitrogen content between 1100~2500nm were found. A variety of spectroscopic processing methods were used to deal with the original spectrum. The method of first derivative was better than others. Partial least squares regression (PLS) was established the regression model, effective wavelengths were selected by Martens’ uncertainty test. Regression model based on all wavelengths had the regression coefficient r==0.9930，RMSE=0.0490 in training set, r=0.9708，RMSE=0.0996 in cross validation set, and r=0.9747，RMSE=0.0884 in prediction set. Regression model based on effective wavelengths had the regression coefficient r==0.9937，RMSE=0.0464 in training set, r=0.9744,RMSE=0.0938 in cross validation set, and r=0.9610,RMSE=0.1116 in prediction set. The absolute error of prediction value and chemical value was less than 0.227%, and the relative error is not more than 0.1%. It showed that using NIR spectroscopy to detect tobacco total nitrogen content was good. It was feasible to select effective wavelengths using Martens’ uncertainty test and to detect tobacco total nitrogen content using these effective wavelengths.

  Studies on Climatic Changes Characteristics for Sun-cured Tobacco Area in Shifang over Past 30 Years 2014, 30 (7):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1952 Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 579617KB )   ( 1064 ) Climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation and so on play an important role in the distribution of tobacco and have an important effect on the yield and quality of tobacco. Based on historical climatic data over past 30 years in Shifang city, the principles of climatic changing characteristics for sun-cured tobacco area were observed. The results showed, the average annual temperature and precipitation increased obviously during the past 30 years. For the sunshine hours during the past 30 years, there was no obviously trend to increase or decrease. In sum, the climatic conditions of Shifang area were relatively suitable for producing sun-cured tobacco, however, it was not suitable for the production of tobacco leaf to be the lower temperature and the less rainfall in the growth period and the less sun-shine hours and the more rainfall in the harvest period. Therefore, these results could facilitate our understanding of the principle and characteristics of climatic factors in sun-cured tobacco area and provide some helps of production of good tobacco leaf.

  High Yield Laccase Producing Strains Screened and the Study of Tobacco Stem Degradation Affected by the Strains 2014, 30 (7):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1725 Abstract + ( 995 )   PDF ( 1202811KB )   ( 630 ) In order to provide a basis theoretical for tobacco stem lignin degradation and rich the lignin degradation fungi resources. This experiment isolated one laccase high yield strain fungi from humus. On the morphological identification, its liquid fermentation culture conditions optimized, orthogonal experiment about carbon, nitrogen source and Cu2 + was carried out, final determination a result that the fungi degradation fluecured tobacco straw. The results were as follows: (1)The fungi belong to the Moniliales Gliocephalis sp. the fungi can produce high quantity laccase up to 2.72 U/mL on 4 days on liquid fermentation culture. (2)The optimal conditions for laccase production by the means of single factors method and orthogonal method. Optimized components of medium was as followed: malt sugar 30 g/L, yeast extract 12 g/L, the concentration of Cu2+ 2.5 mmol/L. (3)The highest yield laccase up to 3.24 U/mL compare with the basica laccase production condition higher 18.89% . (4)Weight lessness rate 50% , lignin degradation rate was 39.39% , cellulose degradation rate was 36% after the degradation for the flue-cured tobacco straw powder 30 days. The fungni enzyme production was higher and the ability to degradation tobacco stem was strong.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis on Resistant Tobacco Germplasm to Black Shank Disease 2014, 30 (7):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2658 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 1021636KB )   ( 787 ) To understand the genetic diversity of germplasm in the germplasm bank against black shank from the molecular level, and to afford theoretical and technical support for broadening the genetic diversity of germplasm against black shank and enhancing the utilization rate of the germplasm, genetic diversity of 73 resistant tobacco germplasm to black shank disease, including two Nicotiana tabacum population (flue-cured tobacco and sun-cured tobacco), came from national storage of tobacco germplsam was evaluated based on 34 selective polymorphic primer pairs. Results showed that 88 bands, all of which were polymorphic, were amplified using 34 SSR primers, with an average of 2.6 variable sites per primer pair. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Nei’s genetic diversity analysis (0.4200), Shannon’s information index analysis (0.6803). The percent of tobacco varieties, with a genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.5410 to 0.9818, was 63.57%. This indicated that there was a low genetic diversity among the resistant tobacco germplasm to black shank disease in China, and had no significant relationship whit its cultivated type. It had a significant meaning to widen the genetic base of the resistance tobacco varieties to black shank disease through exploring the applying of the wild tobacco.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cauliflower Germplasm by SRAP Markers 2014, 30 (7):  64-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1700 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 607343KB )   ( 615 ) In order to reveal the genetic relationship of cauliflower germplasm at molecular level, providing some theoretical basis for germplasm collection, identification, utilization, genetic improvement. The genetic diversity of 24 genotypes of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.) germplasm was evaluated by sequence- related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) technology in this study. A total of 257 alleles were detected by 23 SRAP markers，which screened from 30 primer combinations. The average bands of each primers combination ranged from 5 to 20, of which 185 ones were polymorphic and the polymorphism frequency was 71.98%, indicating that the cauliflower germplasm relatively had extensive genetic diversity. Similarity coefficient analysis showed that genetic similarity among genotypes was from 0.5491 to 0.9626, averaged out at 0.7490. Cluster analysis showed that origin and district could be used as agronomic traits in cauliflower germplasm cluster analysis.

  Polygalacturonase antisense gene into Processing Tomato 2014, 30 (7):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2033 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 959669KB )   ( 544 ) Agrobacterium mediated transformation using EHA105, PG gene was transferred into processing tomato B04 plants. Through the influence of explants conversion factor (pre- cultural time, invading time, concentration of bacteria, total co- cultural time) were studied, to establish a high frequency of genetic transformation system for processing tomato cotyledon explants of B04. Agrobacterium was used for transformation, and then transgenic plantlets with polygalacturonase gene of processing tomato B04 were obtained. The best pre-culturing time was 2 d. The suit pre-cultural time for processing tomato was 48 hours; OD600=0.6 was the fitful bacteria concentration for invading; and the time for invading was 10 minutes; the explants and the bacteria had been best co-cultured for 48 hours. By PCR analysis, 9 plants were positive in 41 plants, and the rate of transformation was 22% . The results proved that the foreign genes had been integrated into B04 processing tomato.

  Evaluation of the South China of Bacterial Wilt Resistance in Tomato 2014, 30 (7):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1935 Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 509062KB )   ( 798 ) In order to understand the tomato bacterial wilt resistant resources of genetic background, the field planting method and inoculation method, in all parts of the country's 127 varieties and 208 copies of materials evaluation of resistance to bacterial wilt. The results showed that the death of 127 varieties all patients, only three species received the first red, big source less resistant materials, small fruit more, based on the average incidence of resistance evaluation of grading, small fruit H7997 and cherry fruit T16 not the disease, not the disease; Resistant resources had T17, T8; T4, T6, T7, T381, T390 was the onset of lighter disease.

  The Study of High Energy Liquid Culture Conditions of Pleurotus nebrodensis 2014, 30 (7):  82-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1691 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 458913KB )   ( 607 ) The appropriate liquid fermentation medium were studied by measuring the mycelial biomass, the peloton density and the amount of germination vigor index and the single factor tests and orthogonal design method were employed to enhance the vitality of Pleurotus nebrodensis strains of liquid. The results showed that, the optimal suitable carbon source were corn flour, the optimum nitrogen source were soybean meal and peptone, the optimum medium were 3% of the corn flour, glucose1.5%, peptone 0.6%, soybean meal 2%.

  Medium Formulae Screening for JUNCAO Cultivating Tremella 2014, 30 (7):  86-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1884 Abstract + ( 1217 )   PDF ( 1018446KB )   ( 908 ) Researching the medium formula of Tremella cultivated by JUNCAO. Using test-tube method screened four kinds of JUNCAO and three auxiliary materials. The most suitable medium formula of Tremella cultivated by JUNCAO was: Neyraudia reynaudiana 70%, sorghum 5%, wheat bran 24%, lime 1%. Tremella mycelium grew fastest (1.067 cm/d). Fruit body budded earlier. Exhibition was superior to the contrast.

  The Study of Structure Parameters and Physiological Indexes Research of High Quality and Yield Apple Orchards 2014, 30 (7):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1788 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 566231KB )   ( 530 ) In order to study the high yield and quality of apple tree environment parameters and physiological indicators, we made a young and a mature orchards as the research object, we took the methods of field investigation and indoor analysis for apple tree structure parameters, structural parameters and some physiological indexes. The results showed that: the tree height in the range of 260-290 cm, Orchard coverage was 75%- 94% , row and tree handover rate were low. The total branches of mature orchard reached 1040000 per hm2, while the young orchard was 879000 per hm2. The leaves were thick and chlorophyll content was high of high yield orchard, SPAD value was 58.22. The photosynthesis of the orchard were strong, net photosynthetic rate was 17.48-21.8μmolCO2/(m2·s). The proportion of lateral shoot of bearing part were 81% and 75% respectively.

  Establishment of High Efficient Proliferation Technological System of Apple Dwarf Rootstock ‘GM256’ (Malus domestica Borkh) 2014, 30 (7):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1675 Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 1104805KB )   ( 718 ) GM256 (Malus domestica Borkh) was a cold- hardy and dwarfing apple rootstock, having high commercial value in production. But its stem cutting was difficult to root, hampered its use in production. In order to propagate it rapidly, tissue culture method was employed. The effects of basal medium, the kinds and concentrations of phytohormones on proliferation and growth of in vitro shoots were examined. The effect of dark duration on in vitro shoots rooting was investigated. The results showed that the optimal basal medium for proliferation was QL. In vitro shoots growth for proliferation and elongation was best on QL with 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.05 mg/L IBA. Dark culture significantly improved rooting percentage and root number per plantlet than direct light. Rooting percentage and root number was no significant different between 5 days and 10 days in the dark. But rooting plantlets obtained from 5 initial dark days was healthier and stronger than that 10 initial dark days, transplanting survival rate of healthy plantlets was above 85% . The optimal proliferation medium and optimal rooting condition obtained in this study could be used for large scale in vitro propagation in factory of GM256.

  Analysis on the Reasons of Korla Fragrant Pear Wintering Freezing Injury Based on Measured Temperature of Orchards 2014, 30 (7):  100-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1782 Abstract + ( 1207 )   PDF ( 489879KB )   ( 575 ) The paper provided meteorological decision-making services for Korla pear cultivation by exploring temperatures elements of freezing injury occurring on the Korla fragrant pear trees in winter. Based on freezing injury investigation and temperature observations nearly 4 years in the wintering dormancy period of fragrant pear trees, the Shanghu Town orchards, the indicators were analyzed, including extreme low temperature, cryogenic duration and so on. The results showed that Korla fragrant pear trees had medium strength freezing injury in wintering dormancy period, 2010-2011, extreme low temperature measured was -28.1℃in orchards, and the duration of temperature below - 24℃was 9.5 hours in January 10. In 2011- 2012, extreme low temperature measured was -26.3℃, but the duration of temperature below -24℃was only 3 hours, therefore fragrant pear trees were not cold obviously. The results of freezing injury conditions nearly 4 years on Korla fragrant pear trees showed that the big intensity and high frequency of low temperature easily led to fruit damage, no or only trace snowfall in winter, freezing injury was not necessarily when temperature measured was lower than critical temperature of freezing injury, the duration of freezing injury temperature was the key in freezing injury weather, but put consecutive appearance days of freezing injury temperature as duration was not reliable. In addition, the occurrence time of low temperature in winter had influence on the degree of freezing injury.

  Effect of Leaf Area on the Fruit Diameter of Myrica rubra 2014, 30 (7):  104-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1823 Abstract + ( 898 )   PDF ( 831839KB )   ( 640 ) Based on the accumulated thermal and radioactive effects from different leaves area on the growth and development of Myrica rubra, use the meteorological data and outdoor phonological observation data from 2004 to 2010 in Zhejiang Province, the meteorological data and development date of Myrica rubra in greenhouse in 2010, build a accumulated thermal and radioactive effect model to predict Myrica rubra development stages. Several data were used to validate the model. It proved that the simulated results agreed well with the observed ones. Based on the 1:1 line, the root mean squared error (RMSE) and R2 were 0.03 cm and 0.99. The simulation results show that there was a positive correlation between rate of Myrica rubra development and increasing of leaves, in the case that 5, 10, 15 and 20 leaves were kept. The rate of Myrica rubra development decreased slightly when 25 leaves were kept, compared with the condition happened when there ware 20 leaves kept. Those indicated that leaf area was the key to effect the fruit growth and quality formation of Myrica rubra. It can be concluded that the model developed in this study can give satisfactory prediction of Myrica rubra development date and can be used for decision making for the production of Myrica rubra and providing for meteorological service.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of MaADH in Banana under Environmental Stress 2014, 30 (7):  109-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2007 Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 1711538KB )   ( 555 ) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is widely distributed and plays an important role in various tissues of plant. The cloning and expression analysis of banana ethanol dehydrogenase gene under adversity stress were laid the foundation for further research the ADH gene function in banana. The cloning of a ADH cDNA, designated as MaADH gene, was isolated from banana fruit by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) and gained by RACE technique. The cDNA was 1140bp in length, coding for 379 amino acid residues. Predicted by bioinformatics analysis, its protein molecular weight is 40.7 KDa, isoelectric point 7.09. By conserved domain analysis, the gene has 22 NAD binding sites, 11 substrate binding sites and 4 catalytic Zn binding sites. Analyzed by phylogenetic tree, MaADH gene is more closely related to Arabidopsis and Brassica oleracea. MaADH gene stress expression analysis showed that the MaADH expression of banana seeding dealt with salt and cold upregulated, and drought firstly upregulated, and then down-regulated, while dealt with wounding upregulated, and then down-regulated, but did not change significantly. Research shows that the banana alcohol dehydrogenase gene plays an important role in banana which adapted to salt, low temperature, drought and damage and so on.

  Determination of Bromacil Residues in Pineapple by UPLC-MS/MS 2014, 30 (7):  116-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1897 Abstract + ( 1197 )   PDF ( 572683KB )   ( 692 ) In order to evaluate the environmental behavior of bromacil in pineapple, and provide the date of the MRL of bromacil in pineapple in China. Residue dynamics of bromacil in pineapple and soil was studied by field trial, and made qualitative and quantitative analysis by UPLC- MS/MS. In order to optimize the experimental conditions, the effects of different clenaning conditions (extraction solvent, SPE, elution solvent, elution volume) were investigated. The limit of detection was estimated to be 1×10-12 g. The minimum concentration of detection in pineapple and soil was 5×10-3 mg/L. The average recoveries of bromacil in pineapple and soil were 85.1%-86.5%, 84.0%-85.5% with relative standard deviation were 3.46%-6.78%, 2.74%-4.54%，respectively when the fortified concentration was 0.01-1 mg/L. It was fitted for the demand of pesticide residue analysis and detection. The trial results showed that the dissipation of bromacil in soil was in conformity with the first- order dynamic equation, the half- lives were 8.2- 11.1 days in soil. The terminal residues of bromacil in the whole fruits and flesh were＜0.01-0.01 mg/kg and＜0.01 mg/kg, respectively when the pineapple was sprayed once to twice according to the recommended dosage 4800 g/hm2. The terminal residues of bromacil were all below the MRLs of Japan (0.05 mg/kg) and Austiralian (0.04 mg/kg) at harvest time.

  Study on Plant Regeneration Technology of Chongqing Wild Lily Buds 2014, 30 (7):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1891 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 486569KB )   ( 603 ) In order to effectively protect the Chongqong wild lily resources development and utilization. It was studied the plant regeneration technology with Chongqing of wild lily buds as study material and using plant tissue culture as induce methods. The result indicated, the plant regeneration technology to the upcoming opening of lily flower buds as explants, disinfection and easy, no pollution; the organ bud (corolla, ovary, filaments, anther, style, column head, pedicel) inducing culture, showed that the test of No.1 culture medium of MS+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L could induce corolla, ovary, filaments sprouting, No.2 of the medium MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L can only induce corolla budding; bud proliferation coefficient MS+ 6-BA 1.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L was the highest, 3.2, robust growth and proliferation of seedling; rooting culture with No.14 (MS+ NAA 0.4 mg/L) induction of lily root, rooting rate was 100%; transplanting results in No.18 (MS+ IBA 0.5 mg/L) on the rooting seedling survival rate was higher, reaching 85%.

  Plantlets Regeneration from Floral Stalk of Vanda ‘Miss Joaquim’ 2014, 30 (7):  126-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1844 Abstract + ( 1314 )   PDF ( 513066KB )   ( 760 ) In order to establish rapid propagation system of Vanda ‘Miss Joaquim’ ，effects of exogenous hormone and media on plantlets regeneration were studied. The results showed that: Decontamiated-explants can be obtained by inducing from floral stalk，and the sixty-five percent of plantlets formation ratio can be achieved on 1/2MS media supplemented with NAA0.5mg/L+6-BA2.0mg/L.There were different formation in different location in flora stalk buds and the toppest plantlets formation ratio were reached 80% in the third flora stalk buds；The propagation ratio was reached 5.3 on 1/2MS media supplemented with NAA0.2 mg/L+6-BA3.0 mg/L and the media with low concentration nutrient elements was benefit to the plantlets forming；With the length of 1~2cm, plantlets can be transplant into 1/2MS media to reduce roots ，and the percent s of survivor can be reached 99% when plantlets with roots were planted into greenhouse .

  Comparison on the Regeneration System and Genetic Transformation Condition in Four Ground Cover Chrysanthemum Cultivars 2014, 30 (7):  130-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1863 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 1019085KB )   ( 512 ) In order to establish the regeneration system and definite the transformation condition of the four ground cover Chrysanthemum cultivars, ‘Shenyun’, ‘Fanxingfen’, ‘Dushiliren’ and ‘Fenmeigui’, the leaves of the aseptic seedlings were used as explants to analyze the effect of plant growth regulator hormone combination on regeneration buds induced from callus, and then the genetic transformation condition of these four Chrysanthemum morifolium was compared through the mediation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This study will lay the research foundation for cultivating new Chrysanthemum morifolium using the transgenic means. The result indicated that the optimum condition for regeneration buds inducing on MS medium was NAA 1.0 mg/L+ BA 1.0 mg/L, NAA 0.3 mg/L+ BA 1.0 mg/L, NAA 1.5 mg/L+ BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.5 mg/L+ BA 1.5 mg/L for ‘Shenyun’, ‘Fanxingfen’, ‘Dushiliren’ and ‘Fenmeigui’ respectively. The genetic transformation conditions of the leaves of aseptic seedlings were pre-cultured for 24 hours, infected with A. tumefaciens for 10 minutes which OD600 was 0.4, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.4 respectively, co-cultivated for 48 hours, later-cultivated for 2 days, the mannose concentration was 10 g/L and the cefsulodin concentration was 300 mg/L. The target bands of genes could be obtained in some resistant plants of these four Chrysanthemum morifolium by PCR detection, which indicated that the target gene was integrated into their genomes.

  Study on Chemical Fingerprint of Rizhao Green Tea 2014, 30 (7):  138-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1830 Abstract + ( 947 )   PDF ( 488844KB )   ( 614 ) Studies the feasibility of using chemical fingerprint and computer pattern recognition to distinguish Rizhao green tea products and other parts of the country. Adopt the methods of principal component and linear discriminant analysis respectively, successfully established discriminant model. Principal component analysis method can't distinguish, but can show the differences between them. Linear discriminant method through mathematical statistics analysis had significant differences, discrimination model was established. Verified, modeling of discriminant accuracy was 95.7%, the discriminant accuracy of validation set was 97%. The result showed that adopt the method of linear discriminant analysis can better distinguish Rizhao green tea and the rest of the country, Provide the basis for protection of Rizhao green tea brand.

  The Study of Correlation Between the pH Value of Cultivated Soil, the Active-state Content in Cultivated Soil and the Content in Rhizoma Chuanxiong 2014, 30 (7):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1947 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 558506KB )   ( 585 ) To search the correlation between the pH value of cultivated soil, the different forms of Cd content in cultivated soil and the Cd content in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., a field cultivation was conducted to determinate the different forms of Cd content in cultivated soil and the Cd content in corresponding Rhizoma Chuanxiong by absorption method, and measure the pH value of cultivated soil. The correlation result between the pH value of cultivated soil and the Cd content in Rhizoma Chuanxiong was r=-0.693**, P=0.001 (P＜0.01); the correlation result between the content percentage of ion-state Cd in cultivated soil and the Cd content in Rhizoma Chuanxiong was r=0.860**, P=0.000 (P＜0.01). The correlation result between the pH value and content percentage of ion-state Cd in cultivated soil was r=-0.746**, P=0.003 (P＜0.01). The Cd content in Rhizoma Chuanxiong was significantly negatively correlated to the pH values of cultivated soil, and significantly positively correlated to the content percentages of ion-state Cd in cultivated soil; the pH values and content percentages of ion-state Cd in cultivated soil was significantly negatively correlated.

  Research on Extraction Process Conditions of Sapoin from Legume of Gleditsia longoleguminosa 2014, 30 (7):  148-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1923 Abstract + ( 952 )   PDF ( 570897KB )   ( 567 ) The extraction technology of sapoin from legume of Gleditsia longoleguminosa was established, which was an endemic plant in the Dupangling Natural Reserve. The results showed that: by a serials of single-factor experiments and L16(43) orthographic experiments, the extraction conditions were optimized: the legume powder of Gleditsia longoleguminosa was leached by water with 4 folds of its weight at the first time, the subsequent was kept on 2 folds, the leaching time was 8.0 h, the temperature was 70℃, and the leaching frequency was 4 times in total. Under these conditions, the total sapoin extraction yield could reach up to 29.67%. This research offered an important experimental reference for further developments and utilizations of Gleditsia longoleguminosa.

  N, P and K Distribution Pattern of Platycodon in Different Growth Stages 2014, 30 (7):  152-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1993 Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 583636KB )   ( 568 ) In this study, through the determination N, P, K content of in the different parts of annual Platycodon grandiflorus in the different growth period, analysis of demand conditions of various nutrients in different growth periods. Results showed that, N content in stem and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorus decreased gradually with the growth of plant, the content of N throughout the growing period were reduced 17.6% and 23%. N content in roots increased during the whole growth period, the growth rate was 33.7%. The content of P elements in various organs of Platycodon grandiflorus was different in each growth period. Among them, the P element content in roots was a maximum of 0.41% at the seedling stage, in the blossom period for a minimum of 0.34%, in the seed stage it was increased to 0.38%. The K content in roots has been increasing, the whole growth period increased by 0.24% . The lowest K content of stem and leaf in the squaring stage, respectively 0.42% and 0.51%. Experiments showed that, N, P, K elements was demanded strong in seedling stage and blossom stage.

  Research on the Temperature Variation in Greenhouse in Alpine Cold Regions 2014, 30 (7):  156-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1966 Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 682895KB )   ( 748 ) In order to ascertain the temperature variation in greenhouse in alpine cold region, forecast greenhouse temperature variation, the level of regulation of greenhouse temperature to provide a basis. Using the daylight saving temperature and indoor and outdoor temperature and meteorological data in Datong County from October 2012 to 2013 May in Datong National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Zone, the author analyzed the greenhouse temperature variation in alpine cold regions under different weather types. The results showed that: the average temperature in alpine cold region during the test greenhouse diurnal and autumn, winter and spring temperatures in Q3 showed a typical diurnal variation of the ‘single peak’ type. Clear Temperature lowest in 08:00, cloudy and overcast delayed 1 h; indoor temperature max: sunny>cloudy>overcast, minimum: cloudy>overcast>sunny, cause diurnal: sunny>cloudy>overcast, diurnal variation of indoor temperature in different seasons were different; different types of weather when times inside and outside the greenhouse, the average and maximum, minimum correlation between performance: cloudy>overcast>sunny, correlation coefficients were greater than during the day and at night, minimum temperature in different weather types were high correlations, maximum temperature sunny, cloudy days had no obvious correlation between the two, cloudy had a high correlation; larger temperature difference between inside and outside the greenhouse in winter, warming effect was remarkable.

  Effects of Pyroligneous Acid application on Yield, Quality and Disease Infection of Organic Tobacco 2014, 30 (7):  162-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1868 Abstract + ( 987 )   PDF ( 635545KB )   ( 490 ) Effects of pyroligneous application on yield and quality of organic tobacco were studied by field plot experiments. The influence and role of treatments with root pouring fertilizer and foliar-spraying dilute solution on organic tobacco grows and quality was compared in this study. The results showed that the application of pyroligneous increased the yields and production value of organic tobacco and treatments with 150 kg/hm2 root pouring fertilizer and spraying of 1000 times diluted solution were relatively better. The yield was increased by 32.0% and 25.4% while the production value was increased by 52.0% and 32.4%. However, vary of organic tobacco stem diameter was not significantly with application of pyroligneous, but increasing plant height and maximal leaf area during topping stage. The effect of spraying diluted solution on potassium content of organic tobacco leaves was superior to root pouring fertilizer, spraying of 1000 times diluted solution was the best treatment which increased the potassium content by 1.44%. The total sugar, reducing sugar and nicotine of organic tobacco were moderate and its coordination was better than control. The application of pyroligneous significantly reduced the incidence of organic tobacco mosaic disease and black shank, but had no effect on tobacco powdery mildew.

  Effects of Different Temperature of the Yellowing Stage on Main Quality Characters of Tobacco 2014, 30 (7):  168-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1922 Abstract + ( 1077 )   PDF ( 512261KB )   ( 588 ) To improve the interior and exterior quality of NC297 and NC102, the dry- bulb and wet- bulb temperature were controlled during yellowing period, taking lower, lumbar and upper leaves as experimental materials. Lower and middle leaves of NC297, when the dry-bulb temperature and psychrometric difference were 38℃and 2- 3℃respectively in yellowing period, the appearance quality and economic characters of tobacco leaves were better, their chemical compositions tended to be coordinative. About upper leaves of NC297, when the dry-bulb temperature and psychrometric difference were 36℃and 2-3℃respectively in yellowing period, the appearance quality and economic characters of tobacco leaves were better, their chemical compositions tended to be coordinative. For lower leaves of NC102, when the treatment that the dry- bulb temperature and psychrometric difference were 40℃and 2-3℃, the economic characters and exterior quality were better, as well as the harmoniousness among different chemical composition. The middle leaves of NC102, when the dry- bulb temperature and psychrometric difference were 38℃and 2- 3℃, economic characters, exterior quality, were better. About upper leaves of NC102, when the treatment that the dry-bulb temperature and psychrometric difference were 36℃and 2-3℃, economic characters, exterior quality, were better. To flue-cured leaves of tobacco of NC297, lower and lumbar leaves, the yellowing temperature should be controlled at 38℃, upper leaves at 36℃. About flue cured tobacco of NC102, the lower leaves, yellowing temperature should be controlled at 36℃, lumbar and upper leaves should be controlled at 38℃and 36℃.

  The Effect of Different Control Measures and Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2014, 30 (7):  174-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1721 Abstract + ( 1030 )   PDF ( 525978KB )   ( 544 ) The high altitude in Shilin area of Yunnan has a negative impact on the growth rate of flue-cured tobacco, during its early period of entire growth cycle. Research tests are done to investigate measures to improve the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco. The tests are based on the impacts of different growth regulators and fertilization on the flue-cured tobacco of on-farm period, agriculture properties as well as economic character. Specifically, in term of on-farm period, the approach of salicylic acid+ ABT+ nutrition soil+ HA has set the resettling stage and vigorous growing stage of tobacco plantlet ahead by 4 days. As the agronomic traits, the plant height and the stem girth of the samples processed by the same approach were significantly better than those in the check experiment. It was evident that the economics of control sample was better than check sample on production, output value, proportion of high-quality and fine tobacco. Therefore, the proposed experimental approach will increase the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in the local area.

  The Comparative Trial of Winter Potato in Hainan 2014, 30 (7):  179-183.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1715 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 482781KB )   ( 626 ) To screen suitable varieties of potato for winter planting and promote development of potato in Hainan, new potato varieties were introduced and selected. Comparative field experiment were carried out using five potato varieties, and their phenophase, agronomic characters, yield and disease resistance were investigated. The results indicate that ‘Hongyun’ and ‘Ziyang’showed good comprehensive traits, and their yield was recorded as 17778.15 and 20086.95 kg/hm2 respectively, which decreased by 1.98% and increased by 10.75% over control. The other varieties with common performance may be tested further under field conditions.‘Hongyun’ and ‘Ziyang’ which performed better in quality, yield, disease resistance and growth period were appropriate for winter planting and may be extended for demonstration in Hainan.

  Initial Exploration of Effects for Application Iodine on the Lettuce’s Yields, Qualities and Iodine Enrichment 2014, 30 (7):  184-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1819 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 521140KB )   ( 543 ) A greenhouse experiment was arranged to study the effects of different amount of iodine fertilizer on crop yield qualities and iodine contents on vegetable. On basis of the lettuce normal growth and fertility required, the author used KI at 4 different dosages, the application method were basal dressing and spraying. The results showed that the iodine content in lettuce increased as the KI amounts applying increased, the yields of lettuce increased first and then decreased as the KI amounts applying increased. The highest yield was the lettuce with applying 5 g/m2 KI, the maximum yield was 49290.15 kg/hm2, the application of KI could increase lettuce yield in different degrees, representing an increase of 10.18% , 1.02% and 3.39% . The Vc content increased in varying degrees, spraying processing was best method to improve the Vc content, the Vc content was 24.7 mg/kg. The lettuce soluble sugar content increased but the crude fiber content and nitrate content decreased in varying degrees, the soluble sugar content increased the most with applying 0.1% KI, while the cellulose content and the nitrate content were the lowest with applying 0.1% KI. In summary, it had significant effect of using iodine on vegetable enrichment. Thus, it had broad application prospects by applying iodine to cultivate rich-iodine vegetables to control iodine deficiency disorders

  Study on the Effect of Three Kinds of Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Economic Benefit of Brassica napus L. 2014, 30 (7):  189-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2035 Abstract + ( 1130 )   PDF ( 624911KB )   ( 792 ) In order to offer more scientific and economic fertilizing method to agriculture, the effects of three different kinds of organic fertilizers, normal organic fertilizer (T1), carbon organic fertilizer (T2) and full nutrients organic fertilizer (T3) on the growth and economic benefit of Brassica napus L. were studied in this experiment. The results showed that: the dry weight, fresh weight and chlorophyll content of Brassica napus L. increased. Compared with other treatments, T2 treatment was the highest and the difference was extremely significant. Pn diurnal variation of Brassica napus L. leaf under different treatments were bimodal curve and “midday depression” phenomenon was not obvious. Compared with the CK, Pn of the two peaks under the three treatments all increased. T2 treatment were both the highest, they increased by 32.26% and 32.26% than that of CK. All organic fertilizer treatments improved output values, and the T3 treatment was the largest, the newly added value was 3156.75 yuan per hectare. From the rate of newly added value/newly added fertilization cost, we could see that it had obviously appreciation under T2 treatment and T3 treatment, and newly added value could reach 10.60 yuan and 25.51 yuan respectively by 1 yuan investment, therefore, both the two kinds of organic fertilizers on the Brassica napus L. cultivation fertilization method was feasible and economical.

  A Simple SSR-based Method for Purity Identification of Cucurbita moschata Hybrid 2014, 30 (7):  194-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1722 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 701701KB )   ( 626 ) Because of the exsiting Cucurbita moschata hybrid purity identification system based on SSR was complicated and difficult for the production of practice, a simple Cucurbita moschata hybrid purity identification system based on SSR was introduced here. Without grinding, freezing, centrifugation and drying, the whole genomic DNA extraction period is less than 3 minutes. Comparing to the conventional method, the PCR detection system and the silver stained steps saved time and cost, the whole process is less than 4 hours, one person a day can complete 480 hybrids detection easily, and the coincidence rate of the simple SSR-based purity with the field test results was 99%. This method would provide the base for large-scale rapid purity identification of Cucurbita moschata hybrids.

  Effect of Controlled-release Fertilizer on the Apple Leaves Chlorophyll 2014, 30 (7):  199-203.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1703 Abstract + ( 929 )   In order to investigate the response mechanism of chlorophyll to controlled-release fertilizer, as well as provide a theoretical basis for the usage of controlled- release fertilizer in fruit tree. Apple special controlled- release fertilizer and general fertilizer were used as test materials in this experiment. Different nutrient content of controlled-release fertilizer were designed to study the effect of controlled-release fertilizer on apple leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. The results showed that controlledrelease fertilizer increased the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll and the content increased significantly was in the CRF3 (19- 7- 19) treatment which increased by 4.8% , 7.3% and 5.6% respectively. Controlled- release fertilizer increased the chlorophyll content, promotes photosynthesis, which improved the yield and the quality of apples effectively.

  The Effect of Different Carbon Sequestration Pathway on Citrus Orchard’s Soil Fertility and Citrus Fruit Quality 2014, 30 (7):  204-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1765 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 434103KB )   ( 490 ) Aimed at the soil fertility obstacles generally existing in mountainous region orchard in Chongqing, and the issues of reprocessing of waste products from agricultural production and processing, using biomass resources as research subject, by the means of biomass char and organic matter (straw, fungus residue) carbon sinks, this test studied the effect of different carbon sequestration pathway on citrus orchard’s soil fertility and citrus fruit quality. The results showed that each treatment reduced the citrus soil’s pH value and bulk density, increased organic matter and total potassium content in the citrus soil, as well as the total potassium content in the citrus leaves, but there was no regular change in total nitrogen or total phosphorus in citrus soil and leaves. Among them, when each citrus tree was applied with 6 kg fungus residue, soil bulk density decreased to 1.48 g/cm3, reaching a significant level; when each citrus tree was applied with 3 kg stalks, soil organic matter increased to 36.47 g/kg, while total potassium content increased to 9.68 g/kg, both reaching a significant level. Besides, it could improve citrus soluble solids, reduce total acid content in the fruit, improve fruit solid acid ratio, and promote citrus fruit rich flavor.

  Comparison of Guangdong’s Wind Damage Risk for Bananas of Different Planting Cycles 2014, 30 (7):  208-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1980 Abstract + ( 1018 )   PDF ( 884963KB )   ( 581 ) Study on wind hazard level for banana of different planting cycles is important for choosing suitable planting cycle and taking disaster preventing and mitigating measures. The author used daily extreme wind speed data from representative meteorological stations of Guangdong’s 3 main banana producing areas to construct wind hazard index for different planting cycles and then analyzed the wind hazard days for spring-plant and autumn-plant bananas, using methods of trend analysis and comparative analysis. The results showed that: average gale days for Panyu, Gaozhou and Xuwen were 1.9, 3.7 and 3.9, respectively. From 1997 to 2012, Gaozhou’s gale days have decreased by 3.7 d/10 a, while Panyu and Xuwen’s gale days had not change significantly. On average, 91% of the windy days occurred during April to October, which covered autumn-plant banana’s budding phase and harvesting phase (April to August); probabilities of medium wind hazard for autumn-plant banana for Panyu, Gaozhou and Xuwen were 0.33, 0.73 and 0.73, respectively. The numbers of heavy wind hazard for 3 region were 0, 0.47 and 0.2, respectively. Generally, autumn-plant bananas had higher exposure, comparing with spring-plant bananas, because there were more wind hazard during autumn-plant bananas’ budding phase and harvesting phase. As for the three main banana producing areas, Gaozhou had the highest wind risk, Xuwen the second highest and Panyu the lowest.

  Effect of Different Drip Fertigation Methods on Growth and Yield of Banana in Hainan Province 2014, 30 (7):  214-218.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1771 Abstract + ( 1166 )   PDF ( 467414KB )   ( 976 ) A field experiment of two drip fertigation methods（single lateral and double laterals per plant, abbreviated as DF1 and DF2）and sprinkling tape fertigation (CK) as on growth and yield of banana in Hainan province was conducted to offer a technological support for banana irrigation and fertilization. The results indicated that, as compared with sprinkling tape fertigation, the total irrigation amount of drip fertigation with single and double laterals during the whole banana growth period was only 51.5% and 59.2%, respectively. And the yield was increased by 9.6% and 11.5%, respectively. However, as compared with CK and DF1 treatment, the net benefit of fruit production was increased by DF2 treatment due to higher yield.

  Effect of Vermicompost Application on Soil Fertility Improvement and Strawberry Growth 2014, 30 (7):  219-223.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1920 Abstract + ( 1392 )   PDF ( 555058KB )   ( 1279 ) To study the effects of soil fertility, as well as the impact on the production and yield of strawberries, different amount of vermicompost experiment includes Control treatment, 2 cube, 4 cube, 6cube, 8 cube treatment，the results show that: The vermicompost improve strawberry production, the production of every one thousand strawberry increased 14.74～97.22kg, increasing the amount has a significant positive correlation between the using amount of vermicompost. Vermicompost has a less effect on strawberry plant growth, but increases the content of total sugar, 2 cube, 4 cube treatment significantly reduces the nitrate content of improved quality of strawberries.vermicompost can fertilize the soil, soil organic matter increase significantly from4.5% to10.4% ;When the vermicompost amount is greater than 4 cube, the content of soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus is significantly higher than the control treatment. correlation analysis showed that nitrogen, pH have significantly negative correlation with fruit nitrate content, strawberry yield has a significantly positive correlation with soill organic matter, available P, available K, shows that with the increase of soil nutrients can improve the yield of strawberry.

  Study on cold-resistant physiological index of Senecio cineraria and Heuchera micrantha 2014, 30 (7):  224-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1999 Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 564749KB )   ( 564 ) The research aimed to analyze cold tolerance difference of Senecio cineraria and Heuchera micrantha, the scientific basis was provided for the cultivation and applies. Semi- lethal temperature was determined with the method of electric conductivity and Logistic the equation fitting S; the Pro was determined with the method of ninhydrin colorimety. The MDA was determined with the method of thiobarbituric acid colorimetric. The semi- lethal temperature of Senecio cineraria and Heuchera micrantha was - 17.38℃and -61.09℃. Under the different low-temperature treatment, the relative conductivity of Senecio cineraria was increased more zhan the relative conductivity of Heuchera micrantha. The contents of Pro in the leaves of Heuchera micrantha was lower than that of the control. The contents of MDA in the leaves of Senecio cineraria was much lower than the contents in the leaves of Heuchera micrantha under the different temperature treatment. The result with these two physiological indexes of the relative conductivity and the semi-lethal temperature consisted with the field observation. The cold resistance of Heuchera micrantha was more than the cold resistance of Senecio cineraria.

  Study on the Shaping Technology of Huangbo Yuzhen Tea 2014, 30 (7):  228-232.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1674 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 480643KB )   ( 621 ) Huangbo Yuzhen tea is a kind of Huangbo tea, which is produced again and a famous historical tributary tea. For its standardized production, the shaping technology of Huangbo Yuzhen tea was researched by comparing the impact of different shaping condition and optimizing the shaping technology. The results showed that 30% of tea-shaped leaf water content was the best to form the quality of Huangbo Yuzhen tea, and the optimal shaping technology of Huangbo Yuzhen tea was: leaf weight was 45 g per trough, at 120℃ and the shaping time was 20~25 min. It will promote the production of Huangbo Yuzhen tea in future.

  Effect of Nitrogen and Organic Fertilizer with Different Dosage on Yield and Quality of Houttuynia cordata 2014, 30 (7):  233-237.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2077 Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 519080KB )   ( 538 ) The author studied effect on yield and quality of Houttuynia cordata by applying nitrogen and organic fertilizer in different dosage, which provided the basis for the cultivation measures to obtain high yields with fine qualities. Quadratic saturation D optimum design method was used to determine the yield and quality of Houttuynia cordata. Mathematical model was established based on the yield and quality of Houttuynia cordata by applying nitrogen and organic fertilizer in different dosage. Through model analysis and simulating optimization, when vine yield≥8000 kg/hm2, rhizome yield≥31000 kg/hm2, vine extract≥16.60% , protein contents of rhizome≥1.64% , soluble sugar of rhizome≥3.60% , fat contents of rhizome≥0.37% , cellulosic contents of rhizome≤3.28%, the optimization of cultivation measures was that the nitrogen application amount 182.51-490.47 kg/hm2 and organic fertilizer application amount 20678.46-49802.34 kg/hm2. The reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer was beneficial for the improvement of its production and quality improvement in Houttuynia cordata cultivation.

  Study on the Seeding Technology of Callicarpa nudiflora, A Medical Plant Used by the Li People in Hainan 2014, 30 (7):  238-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1772 Abstract + ( 1179 )   PDF ( 509569KB )   ( 666 ) The aims were to explore the effect of different environmental factors on the germination of Callicarpa nudiflora, and establish a simple and effective method for seeding of Callicarpa nudiflora. The methods for seeding under different aspects, seed treatment, matrix formula, seasonal planting were used in this study. The results showed that seeds germinated in 8 days after peeling by the low temperature (7℃) treatment. The highest germination rate reached 80.2%. With sand for the budding matrix, the seeds germinated in 8-11 days, were shorter than other matrix. And the highest germination rate reached 82.2%. The seeds sowed in March were better than those in December, and the highest germination rate reached 82.9% in March. The best methods for seeding of Callicarpa nudiflora were harvested the ripe fruits and peeled in spring, and dried naturally for 5 days. Sowed with sand for the budding matrix at 25-30℃after cold treatment (7℃) for 3 days, seeds germinated best.

  Investigation and Studying on Nutrition Composition of Two Species of Vaccinium L. in Yunnan 2014, 30 (7):  242-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2481 Abstract + ( 1153 )   PDF ( 498496KB )   ( 503 ) In order to promote development and application of Vaccinium duclouxii and V. fragile in Yunnan, the paper investigated the resource and analyzed the nutrition composition of these two species of Vaccinium L. The results showed that its distribution was most extensive, especially in northwest of Yunnan. The mine element, total sugar, soluble solids, total acid and coarse fibrous of V. duclouxii were obviously higher than V. fragile. Vitamin C of V. fragile was higher than V. duclouxii. The content of protein and amino acid of them was the same. The nutritional composition of two species of Vaccinium L. was even higher and more comprehensive than V. ashei Reade. The value use was assessed.

  Current Pest Status and Key Problems in Areca Nut Palm Industry in China 2014, 30 (7):  246-253.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2463 Abstract + ( 1057 )   PDF ( 639673KB )   ( 906 ) A brief overview of Areca nut pests in China was made in this review, which focused on damages and managements regard to the fatal yellow leaf disease (YLD), Tirathaba rufivena (Walk) and other important diseases and pests; finally, key problems faced by Areca nut industry were put forward in 2 terms, food safety and YLD (integrated pest management), and then countermeasures targeted the 2 issues were given. The goal was to provide some constructive insights for the healthy development of China’s Areca nut industry.

  Current advances in integrated management of Cucumber Fusarium Wilt 2014, 30 (7):  254-259.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1654 Abstract + ( 1145 )   PDF ( 538197KB )   ( 717 ) Cucumber fusarium wilt is a destructive disease on cucumber and usually causes severe damage to cucumber quality and productivity. To date, no effective method has yet been found to counteract this disease in cucumber production. In this study, the researching progress in chemical control, agricultural control, and biological control of cucumber fusarium wilt were reviewed, the advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed, and the author pointed out that comprehensive utilization the agricultural control and biological control would be effective measures prevention and control cucumber fusarium wilt. The suggestions had been also given for future work of biological control of this disease, it was believed that endophyte of cucumber had great potential in control of cucumber fusarium wilt.

  Advances on Micro-ecological Effects of Antagonistic Bacteria on Rhizosphere 2014, 30 (7):  260-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2480 Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 545538KB )   ( 669 ) It is a trend of agricultural persistence development that prevention and control of the plant soilborne diseases using antagonistic bacteria. The investigation of the effects of antagonistic bacteria on rhizosphere micro- ecology has important guiding significance for its effective protection and secure application, which can also provide crucial evidences for evaluating the environmental security of antagonistic bacteria. This paper reviewed the research method of plant micro- ecology, such as cultivation techniques, BIOLOG microplate techniques, PLFA method and PCR-based methods, and summarized the micro-ecology effect of antagonistic bacteria on rhizosphere, including the effect on closely related bacteria, the community structure of microorganism and the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil. Furthermore, the future research direction was prospected.

  Application Research Progress on Ectropis oblique with Sterile Insect Technique 2014, 30 (7):  266-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2418 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 471364KB )   ( 922 ) In order to use sterile insect technique on control Ectropis oblique, a detailed description of radiation- sterile mechanism and radiation- sterility technique in several key points on pest prevention was given in this paper. According to succeed studies abroad on pest prevention and domestic research surveys on several Lepidopteran pests controlling by using this technique, a briefly analysis of the prevention and control of tea geometrid by using the technique and several suggestions for further study was proposed.

  Characteristic of Corn Diseases and Pest in 2012 and Cause Analysis 2014, 30 (7):  270-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1984 Abstract + ( 978 )   PDF ( 655007KB )   ( 544 ) The occurrence area of corn diseases, pests and damage in 2012 was most serious in recent years. Ostrinia nubilalis cause sustained and serious damage. Northern corn leaf blight and armyworms were serious outbreak in the northern spring maize zone. This paper summarized the characteristic of corn diseases and pest in 2012. The serious occurrence of corn diseases and pest in 2012 is mainly caused by suitable weather conditions, the source of diseases and pests accumulated year by year and unreasonable cultivation measures. To control the corn diseases and pest, guarantee corn production safety, several countermeasures are recommended, such as attaching importance to the corn forecast, improve the scientific level of disease and pest control.

  A Preliminary Investigation of the Insect Communities and Their Structures Under the Lamp in Rice Field in the Northwest of Zhejiang Province 2014, 30 (7):  280-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1557 Abstract + ( 1337 )   PDF ( 600132KB )   ( 744 ) For further investigate the insect community structure in rice growing season in Jiande area, and know its effect on rice growing. From May to October 2012, a systematic investigation of the insect communities under the lamp in rice field in Jiande, Zhejiang Province was carried out by employing natural ecosystem classification, ecological function classification, the degree of dominance classification, the diversity index of the insect communities in different time and degree of uniformity. The results showed that: the whole insect community in Jiande consisted of 69 species, belonged to 13 orders. And among them, Lepidoptera was the dominant order which made up 26.09%. Homoptera came second, made up 17.39%, and Coleoptera was 14.49%. The insect community was divided into four function parts through ecological function classification. Here we ignored the medical insects which had the lest affect to the rice. Phytophagous insect was the largest part, account for a large proportion in number, and had the greatest effect on rice yield. The dominant species were Anopheles, made up 48.58%, Brown Planthopper was 15.01% and Sogatella Furcifera was 12.03%. Brown Planthopper, Sogatella Furcifera and Rice Leaf Folder belong to R-class pests, they were small and their quantity were influenced greatly by environmental climate, and comparatively speaking, they did a more serious damage to rice, they played a decisive role in community structure. The insect community diversity index (H') and evenness (J) were the highest in May, this suggested that the insect community structure in rice field was the most stable and the balance among species was the best in May. As the month goes on, insect community diversity index (H') and evenness (J) had also been gradually reduced. These results provided important theoretic basis for IPM in the rice field, at the insect community level.

  Digital Insect Identification Based On Support Vector Machine 2014, 30 (7):  286-291.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2289 Abstract + ( 998 )   PDF ( 718126KB )   ( 478 ) Based on support vector machine (SVM), a novel method for digital insect identification was proposed, and applied in identifying seven species of butterflies with intersectional coordinates of venation in the internal of forewings. The basic principles were as follows: firstly, the intersectional coordinates of venations in the internal of seven species’ forewings were obtained automatically by DrawWing which was a program for numerical description of insect wings. Secondly, binary model was composed by the each type of sample and other samples. Thirdly, the redundant features or unnecessary features were filtered by using support vector classification, and the retained features were used to construct the classification model. Accuracy of the seven prediction model was 98.64%, and higher than the reference model, that the new method of identification in the field of insect has a good prospect.

  Occurrence Regularity and Control Technology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Shihezi 2014, 30 (7):  292-296.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2269 Abstract + ( 1084 )   PDF ( 583494KB )   ( 750 ) The occurrence regularity of Helicoverpa armigera has changed in recent years because of the adjustment of cultivation structure and irrigation regimes as well as climatic changes. This study was aimed to provide theoretical basis for the timely control of Helicoverpa armigera. In 2008-2011, occurrence regularity of Helicoverpa armigera was studied through trapping with insect killer lamp, withered poplar branches (WPB) and sex attractant. Also efficiency of this three trapping techniques to Helicoverpa armigera was compared. Chemical pesticides which were suitable for the locality were screened by field efficacy trials. The results showed that, eclosion of the overwintering generation adults happened in early May and reach peak in late May in Shihezi. The adults of first generation occurred in mid-June and the peak appeared from June 22 to July 2, the second generation happened in mid-to-late July and from July 22 to August 3 respectively. In addition, the results demonstrated that monitoring the overwintering generation and adults of first generation by using sex attractant was effective, WPB could control adults of first generation; adults of second generation could be monitored by WPB, the efficiency of WPB and light trapping to manage the adults was better. Results of field efficacy trials indicated that bio-agent including Lufenuron and NPV have a good control effect against Helicoverpa armigera.

  Study on the Model Between the Occurrence Area of Dendrolimus spp. and the Characteristic Quantity Indexes of Atmospheric Circulation 2014, 30 (7):  297-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2432 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 635786KB )   ( 472 ) In order to guide the prevention and control of Dendrolimus spp. in northeast China, the effective control of Dendrolimus spp. occurrence, and reduce the harm to the forestry production and ecological security, the author analyzed the relationships between occurrence area attacked by Dendrolimus spp. in northeastern China during 2002-2012 and 74 characteristic indexes of atmospheric circulation from previous June to current May. The factors of atmospheric circulation which were significant related with Dendrolimus spp. occurrence were selected. The occurrence area forecast models concerning atmospheric circulation were established by stepwise regression method and verified separately. The results showed that: the occurrence area attacked by Dendrolimus spp. could be preferably simulated and predicted by these models. The forecast accuracy reached above 80%, in addition to Jilin to 70% by various provinces of northeastern China and different kinds of Dendrolimus spp. occurrence area atmospheric circulation model through extending prediction for 2010- 2012.

  The Oviposition Behaviors of Loxostege sticticalis L. on 5 Host Plants and Their Crude Extract 2014, 30 (7):  302-305.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1631 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 559369KB )   ( 519 ) In order to screen the host plants which had induced effects on Loxostege sticticalis L., the Y-tape olfactometer, feeding and oviposition choice method were used to measure the behavior responses on 5 host plants. The results showed that: the tendency of female adults and larvae of L. sticticalis to 5 species of host plants were performed in laboratory, the larvae preferred to feed on lambsquarter leaves. The number of female adults laying-eggs on lambsquarter ranked No. one, followed by soybean, alfalfa, sunflower leaves and sugarbeet. Compared with contrast, the crude extractings from lambsquarter, soybean, alfalfa and sunflower leaves had significantly temptation to female adults. Pairwise comparison showed that the orientating preference to crude extractings from lambsquarter was significant than the rest of the four. Lambsquarter and the crude extract had obvious effect on the moth of L. sticticalis.

  Pathogen Identification and Damage Analysis on Soft Rot of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis 2014, 30 (7):  306-308.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2445 Abstract + ( 1071 )   PDF ( 1519614KB )   ( 578 ) The pathogen and prevention of soft rot disease on Paris polyphylla var. chinensis is studied to cultivate this important Chinese medicinal herb. Field investigation was conducted to observe the symptom on the sick plants of P. polyphylla var. chinensis, and tissue separation was conducted to separate and purify the pathogen, and then the pathogen was identified through microscopic observation. The pathogenic sites on soft rot disease on P. polyphylla var. chinensis were stem, leaf and flower, the plant bent and seriously rotted after disease attack. Early stem lesion was oval and water-soaked, and then black dots appeared. The onset of the disease on leaf was petiole, at first petiole was covered by white mold, and the whole leaf was water-soaked later. The onset of the disease on flower was pedicel and then outer perianth lobe, and sign and symptom were similar to those on leaves. Pathogen hyphae without diaphragm developed well, was consisted of branches, creeping silk and rhizoid. Sporangiophore upright stood, and the single spherical sporangium was on the top of sporangiophore. The pathogen of soft rot disease on P. polyphylla var. chinensis was Rhizopus stolonifer. Ventilation and drainage were necessary after rain, and carbendazim and thiophanate methyl were effective pesticides for prevention and cure the soft rot disease on P. polyphylla var. chinensis.

  The Evaluation of Oedaleus infernalis Sauss Sensitiveness in Daqing by 7 Kinds of Insecticide 2014, 30 (7):  309-311.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1887 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 462370KB )   ( 587 ) In order to clarify sensitiveness of Oedaleus infernalis Sauss in Daqing, pesticide drop method was applied in this experiment in different regions. The results showed that sensitiveness of Zhaoyuan population had decreased to triazophos, phoxim, cypermethrin and fenvalerate. The four insecticides LC50 were university population 3.9, 2.2, 2.2, 3.0. The sensitiveness of Oedaleus infernalis Sauss in Zhaoyuan to avermectin, butylene fipronil, nimbin was higher than university population.

  Preliminary Study on Antifungal Activities of Pueraria peduncularis Extracts 2014, 30 (7):  312-315.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2341 Abstract + ( 1578 )   PDF ( 539666KB )   ( 550 ) In order to study the antifungal activities of Pueraria peduncularis extracts, so as to lay the base for the development of effective, safety, and environment- friendly biopesticides and for the comprehensive development and utilization of Pueraria peduncularis. The antifungal activities of Pueraria peduncularis extracts against Rhizoctonnia solani, Venturia pirina, Fusarium avenaceum, Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternate were tested by means of mycelium growth rate method. The extracts of Pueraria peduncularis showed strong antifungal activities against Rhizoctonnia solani, and the equation of toxicity regression was y=1.5599x+ 1.2562, and R=0.9640, EC50=0.2525 mg/mL. Strong antifungal activities were also showed against the other four fungi with the inhibiton rate over 80% at the concentration of 10 mg/mL. The extracts of Pueraria peduncularis showed strong antifungal activities with broad control spectrum, and it was worth of further research and development of new biopesticides and comprehensive utilization. Key words: Pueraria peduncularis; plant extracts; antifungal activity

  Control Effects of 28.7% Metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS on Pineapple Disease in Sugarcane 2014, 30 (7):  316-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2190 Abstract + ( 1196 )   PDF ( 521900KB )   ( 672 ) Three treating methods, single-eyed sett coating, two-eyed sett coating and two-eyed sett soaking, combined with seed cane planting were applied to evaluate the control effects of 28.7% Metalaxyl- M·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS pineapple disease in sugarcane. The results showed that both two- eyed sett coating and two- eyed sett soaking of 28.7% Metalaxyl- M·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS could effectively control pineapple disease of sugarcane. The control effects of 28.7% Metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS two- eyed sett coating with treating doses of 942- 1605 mL/hm2 and 28.7% Metalaxyl- M·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS two-eyed sett soaking with treating doses of 1000-1500 fold solutions were 58.69%-61.20% and 51.51%-54.70% respectively, which were significantly superior to the effect of the control fungicide 50% carbendazim WP. The observation also suggested that 28.7% Metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS was safe to sugarcane. In cane- growing regions with high incidence rate of pineapple disease, based on the production practice, it could select 28.7% Metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS two-eyed sett coating with treating dose of 942 mL/hm2 or 28.7% Metalaxyl-M·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam FS two-eyed sett soaking with treating dose of 1500 fold solution to effectively control pineapple disease.