Abstract: The effects of different water temperature and organic materials on sediment oxygen demand (SOD) in different prawn ponds were studied in this paper. The sediments from ponds in different sites were collected for the study of SOD in prawn monoculture pond and polyculture ponds with prawn and solenidae. The results showed that under two different aquaculture patterns, SOD increased as the experimental temperature increased, showing the power law model (prawn and clam polyculture ponds, the equation is y=0.1525e0.0717x，R2=0.968，P<0.01, prawn monoculture pond prawn monoculture pond is y=0.1591e0.0816x ，R2=0.971，P<0.01). The SOD of sediment increased linearly with organic matter content (P<0.05). Under different breeding modes, the discrepancy of SOD between prawn single ponds and mixed ponds is highly significant (P<0.01). Under the same breeding mode, SOD at beginning of the trials is less than that at late-stage. In the same breeding time, the SOD of prawns in single ponds is more than that of mixed ponds.