Abstract: The plot test was conducted to study the effect of different amount of phosphate fertilizer on the new rape‘1360’in 2012- 2013, in Leiyan, Hunan Province, learn precocious growth characteristics of new rapeseed, in order to realizing the high- yield and high- efficient cultivation. Yield components and yield, agronomic traits and yield were analyzed by using the grey system theory, and the economic P rate was calculated. The results showed that, among the yield components, the effect of silique number per plant on yield was the highest, the influence of fruit grain number on yield was lower, the effect of thousand seed weight on yield was the lowest. The influence of agronomic traits on yield was plant height＞branch number＞branches number＞the main stalk pitch number＞rhizome thickness, the main factor determining production was plant height. Quadratic of one variable fertilizer effect model fitting results indicated that, the best phosphorus content was 143.80 kg/hm², on the basis of the 180 kg/hm² N and 135 kg/hm² K2O, and the economic yield was 2113.63 kg/hm².