Abstract: The genetic relationship and genetic improvement of main traits of peanut cultivars registered in Fujian were investigated to provide the foundation for new cultivars breeding and introduction for future. The paper analyzed the pedigree, coancestry coefficients (coefficient of parentage) and genetic improvement of main traits of 29 peanut cultivars which were registered in Fujian when began to carry out validation work so far. Results showed that, the 29 peanut cultivars involving in 38 direct parent which 92.11% been from Guangdong Province and Fujian Province, and ‘Shanyou 523’, ‘Yueyou 92’, ‘Quanhua10’, ‘Quanhua 327’ were higher frequency utilization. Pedigree analysis of the registered cultivars could be traced back to 47 ancestors parents, which 74.47% been from foreign landraces and overseas cultivars, but just only 8 parental ancestors were higher frequency utilization. Composed mainly by two genealogical trees, ‘Yueyou92’, ‘Quanhua10’, ‘Shanyou523’, ‘Quanhua327’ registered in Fujian were given directly to the backbone parental. Coancestry coefficients analysis further understand breed kinship distance within the cultivars group. With the era pushed back, most of the main traits of registered cultivars had been improved, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight played an important role in improving peanut production. The genetic base of peanut cultivars registered in Fujian was rather narrow, so pedigree analysis could fully understand the genetic relationship of cultivars, and coancestry coefficients (coefficient of parentage) could further explain the genetic relationship distance in quality. Yield improvement should coordinate with the No. of pods per plant, pod and kernel size, shelling percentage and plant traits.